Air Quality Technical Report for Plaza Linda Verde San Diego State University, Scientific Resources Associated (June 2010)

Transcription

1 APPENDIX 3.

2 Air Quality Technical Reprt fr, Scientific Resurces Assciated (June )

3 Air Quality Technical Reprt fr Submitted T: Gatzke, Dilln and Balance LLP 55 Faraday Avenue Suite 5 Carlsbad, Califrnia 98 Prepared By: 38 Kaimalin Lane San Dieg, CA 99 June,

4 Table f Cntents.. Intrductin...4 Existing Cnditins...7. Regulatry Framewrk Federal Regulatins State and Lcal Regulatins.... Climate and Meterlgy Backgrund Air Qualit T Threshlds f Significance... Impacts...4 Cnstructin Activity Impacts... 4 Operatinal Impacts...8 Objectinable Odrs...36 Cumulative Impacts...36 Summary and Cnclusins...38 References...39 Air Quality Technical Reprt 6//

5 Glssary f Terms and Acrnyms APCD AQIA AQMD AQMP ARB BACM BACT BMPs CAA CAAQS CALINE4 Caltrans CCAA CO EPA H~S HI ISCST mg/m 3 gg/m 3 NAAQS NOx NO~ O~ PMzs PMl ppm PSD RAQS ROCs ROG SANDAG SCAQMD SCAB SDAB SDAPCD SIP SOx SO~ TACs Air Pllutin Cntrl District Air Quality Impact Assessment Air Quality Management District Air Quality Management Plan Califrnia Air Resurces Bard Best Available Cntrl Measure Best Available Cntrl Technlgy Best Management Practices Clean Air Act (Federal) Califrnia Ambient Air Quality Standard Califrnia Line Surce Dispersin Mdel (Versin 4) Califrnia Department f Transprtatin Califrnia Clean Air Act Carbn Mnxide United States Envirnmental Prtectin Agency Hydrgen Sulfide HtSpts Analysis and Reprting Prgram Hazard Index Industrial Surce Cmplex Shrt Term Mdel Milligrams per Cubic Meter Micrgrams per Cubic Meter Natinal Ambient Air Quality Standard Oxides f Nitrgen Nitrgen Dixide Ozne Fine Particulate Matter (particulate matter with an aerdynamic diameter f.5 micrns r less Respirable Particulate Matter (particulate matter with an aerdynamic diameter f micrns r less Parts per millin Preventin f Significant Deteriratin San Dieg Cunty Reginal Air Quality Strategy Reactive Organic Cmpunds Reactive Organic Gases San Dieg Assciatin f Gvernments Suth Cast Air Quality Management District Suth Cast Air Basin San Dieg Air Basin San Dieg Cunty Air Pllutin Cntrl District State Implementatin Plan Oxides f Sulfur Sulfur Dixide Txic Air Cntaminants Air Quality Technical Reprt 6//

6 T-BACT VOCs Txics Best Available Cntrl Technlgy Vlatile Organic Cmpunds Air Quality Technical Reprt 6//

7 . Intrductin This reprt presents an assessment f ptential air quality impacts assciated with the Plaza Linda Verde Prject at. The evaluatin addresses the ptential fr air quality impacts during cnstructin and after full buildut f the prject. The SDSU Prject (the Prject) invlves develpment f a mixed-use develpment that wuld prvide additinal student husing and retail uses suth f the SDSU Transit Center and Aztec Walk in the San Dieg Cllege Area cmmunity. The Prject wuld be develped in multiple phases, and at prject buildut wuld include apprximately 4 apartments t huse apprximately,6 students, with apprximately 9, square feet f retail space. Tw ptins are under cnsideratin fr develpment f the retail space: University/Cmmunity-Serving Retail, which wuld prvide retail services fcused primarily twards the university cmmunity but als wuld serve the surrunding residential cmmunity; and University-Service Retail, which wuld prvide retail services fcused exclusively n SDSU students, faculty, and staff. The Prject will als include a five-stry abve grade parking structure t accmmdate apprximately 56 vehicles, a Campus Green that will feature bth active and passive recreatin areas fr public use, and pedestrian malls in place f existing streets/alleys. The Prject wuld require demlitin f existing structures t allw fr prject cnstructin and a revisin t the SDSU Campus Master Plan bundary. The Prject will be designed as a pedestrian/bicycle friendly, pen-air, sustainable urban village that will utilize "green" building practices, drught-tlerant landscaping, and ther envirnmentally sustainable measures. CSU/SDSU will seek Leadership in Energy and Envirnmental Design (LEED) certificatin fr the Prject. T facilitate develpment f the Prject, the existing suthern bundary f the SDSU Campus Master Plan between 55 th Street and ne blck east f Cllege Avenue wuld be extended suth t Mntezuma Rad t incrprate the prpsed Prject parcels within the Campus Master Plan bundaries. The Prject includes five land use types: () Mixed-Use Retail/Student Husing; () Student Apartments; (3) Parking Structure; (4) Campus Green; and (5) Pedestrian Malls. Each f the develpments is described in detail belw. Air Quality Technical Reprt 4 6//

8 Mixed-Use Retail/Student Husing. This Prject cmpnent, which wuld be develped in tw phases, cnsists f the cnstructin f grund-flr retail and upper-flr residential buildings n sites lcated suth f Hardy Avenue, nrth f Mntezuma Rad, and west and east f Cllege Avenue immediately suth f the main SDSU campus. Phase I wuld cnsist f the cnstructin f tw buildings west f Cllege Avenue. Building wuld include apprximately 5, grss square feet (GSF) f grund-flr retail space and fur flrs f apartments cnsisting f apprximately 9 student apartments fr a ttal f, GSF. Building wuld include apprximately, GSF f retail space and fur flrs f apartments cnsisting f 6 student apartments fr a ttal f 85, GSF. Phase II wuld cnsist f the cnstructin f tw buildings east f Cllege Avenue, directly acrss frm Buildings and. The develpment plan fr Buildings 4 and 5 wuld be similar t that fr Buildings and. Building 4 wuld include apprximately, GSF f retail space and 6 student apartments fr a ttal f, GSF. Building 5 wuld include apprximately 3, GSF f retail space and 9 student apartments fr a ttal f 5, GSF. Student Apartments. This Prject cmpnent, which wuld be develped in Phase II, wuld cnsist f tw buildings t be lcated nrth f Mntezuma Rad, west f Campanile Rad, and suth f Lind Pase, and ne building t be lcated nrth f Mntezuma Rad west f Mntezuma Place. The Student Apartments cmpnent wuld prvide tw 4-stry buildings apprximately 6, GSF in size with 5 student apartments each. Parking Facilities. A parking structure which wuld be develped in Phase I, wuld be lcated nrth f Lind Pase and west f the Mixed-Use Retail/Student Husing Building at the nrthwest cmer f Lind Pase and Mntezuma Place. The parking structure wuld be five stries abve grade and wuld prvide five levels f abve grund parking and ne level f belw grund parking. The eastern prtin f the parking structure wuld feature, GSF f grund-flr retail space. Air Quality Technical Reprt 6//

9 In Phase II, an undergrund parking facility wuld be cnstructed belw, and in cnjunctin with, Buildings 4 and 5 in the Mixed-Use Retail/Student Husing develpment. Campus Green. This Prject cmpnent, which wuld be develped in Phase I, wuld be lcated nrth f the prpsed Mixed-Use Retail/Student Husing Building and wuld be bisected by a public prmenade. This "campus green" area wuld feature bth active and passive recreatin areas fr public use. Pedestrian Malls. This prject cmpnent wuld be ancillary t the Mixed Use Retail/Student Husing and wuld nt be essential t the develpment f the verall prject site. The pedestrian malls wuld be develped primarily alng prtins f the existing Mntezuma Place and the alley east f prpsed Buildings 4 and 5 between Mntezuma Rad and Cllege Avenue. The areas wuld be designed as pedestrian/bicycle-friendly, pen-air spaces that wuld prvide access t bth existing uses, such as the transit center, and t the future buildings. The develpment f the pedestrian malls is cntingent upn vacatin f existing streets and alleys, and if nt apprved, the prject wuld prceed withut this element. As discussed abve, cnstructin f the prpsed Prject wuld ccur in multiple phases. Phase I demlitin f existing structures is anticipated t begin in early, with cnstructin cmmencing in the summer f. Occupancy f the buildings will ccur sme time in 3. Phase II demlitin and cnstructin is anticipated t begin in 3, with ccupancy prjected fr 5. This Air Quality Technical Reprt includes an evaluatin f existing cnditins in the prject vicinity, an assessment f ptential impacts assciated with prject cnstructin, and an evaluatin f prject peratinal impacts. Methdlgy. The methdlgy fr preparing the impact analysis invlved identifying existing cnditins, including backgrund ambient air quality levels. T gauge the ptential significance f air quality impacts assciated with the prpsed prject, emissins assciated with bth cnstructin and peratin f the prpsed prject were estimated and cmpared Air Quality Technical Reprt 6//

10 with applicable air quality significance threshlds. Emissins attributable t bth cnstructin activities and prject peratin were calculated using the URBEMIS7 mdel. T evaluate the ptential fr impacts assciated with prject-generated traffic, emissins assciated with vehicles were estimated, and air dispersin mdeling was cnducted t estimate grund-level cncentratins attributable t traffic. The cncentratins, tgether with existing backgrund air quality levels, were measured against applicable air quality standards.. Existing Cnditins The SDSU Campus is lcated in central San Dieg, suth f Interstate 8 at Cllege Avenue. The campus is lcated in the San Dieg Air Basin (SDAB). The fllwing sectin prvides infrmatin abut the existing air quality regulatry framewrk, climate, air pllutants and surces, and sensitive receptrs in the prject area.. Regulatry Framewrk.. Federal Regulatins Air quality is defined by ambient air cncentratins f specific pllutants identified by the United States Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA) t be f cncern with respect t health and welfare f the general public. The EPA is respnsible fr enfrcing the Federal Clean Air Act (CAA) f 97 and its 977 and 99 Amendments. The CAA required the EPA t establish Natinal Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), which identify cncentratins f pllutants in the ambient air belw which n adverse effects n the public health and welfare are anticipated. In respnse, the EPA established bth primary and secndary standards fr seven pllutants (called "criteria" pllutants). The seven pllutants regulated under the NAAQS are as fllws: zne (O3), carbn mnxide (CO), nitrgen dixide (NO), respirable particulate matter (r particulate matter with an aerdynamic diameter f micrns r less, PM), fine particulate matter (r particulate matter with an aerdynamic diameter f.5 micrns r less, PM.5), sulfur dixide (SO), and lead (Pb). Primary standards are designed t prtect human health with an adequate margin f safety. Secndary Air Quality Technical Reprt 7 6//

11 standards are designed t prtect prperty and the public welfare frm air pllutants in the atmsphere. Areas that d nt meet the NAAQS fr a particular pllutant are cnsidered t be "nnattainment areas" fr that pllutant. On April 5, 4, the San Dieg Air Basin (SDAB) was designated a basic nnattainment area fr the 8-hur NAAQS fr 3. The SDAB is in attainment fr the NAAQS fr all ther criteria pllutants. The fllwing specific descriptins f health effects fr each f the criteria air pllutants assciated with prject cnstructin and peratins are based n EPA (EPA 7a) and the Califrnia Air Resurces Bard (ARB) (ARB 5). Ozne. 3 is cnsidered a phtchemical xidant, which is a chemical that is frmed when vlatile rganic cmpunds (VOCs) and xides f nitrgen (NOx), bth by-prducts f cmbustin, react in the presence f ultravilet light. 3 is cnsidered a respiratry irritant and prlnged expsure can reduce lung functin, aggravate asthma and increase susceptibility t respiratry infectins. Children and thse with existing respiratry diseases are at greatest risk frm expsure t 3. Carbn Mnxide. CO is a prduct f cmbustin, and the main surce f CO in the SDAB is frm mtr vehicle exhaust. CO is an drless, clrless gas. CO affects red bld cells in the bdy by binding t hemglbin and reducing the amunt f xygen that can be carried t the bdy s rgans and tissues. CO can cause health effects t thse with cardivascular disease, and can als affect mental alertness and visin. Nitrgen Dixide. NOx is als a by-prduct f fuel cmbustin, and is frmed bth directly as a prduct f cmbustin and in the atmsphere thrugh the reactin f nitrgen xide (NO) with xygen. NO is a respiratry irritant and may affect thse with existing respiratry illness, including asthma. NO can als increase the risk f respiratry illness. Respirable Particulate Matter and Fine Particulate Matter. Respirable particulate matter, r PM, refers t particulate matter withan aerdynamic diameter f micrns r less. Fine particulate matter, r PMzs, refers t particulate matter with an aerdynamic diameter f Air Quali~y Technical Reprt 6//

12 .5 micrns r less. Particulate matter in this size range has been determined t have the ptential t ldge in the lungs and cntribute t respiratry prblems. PM and PM.5 arise frm a variety f surces, including rad dust, diesel exhaust, cmbustin, tire and brake wear, cnstructin peratins and windblwn dust. PM and PM.s can increase susceptibility t respiratry infectins and can aggravate existing respiratry diseases such as asthma and chrnic brnchitis. PMz5 is cnsidered t have the ptential t ldge deeper in the lungs. Sulfur dixide. SO is a clrless, reactive gas that is prduced frm the burning f sulfurcntaining fuels such as cal and il, and by ther industrial prcesses. Generally, the highest cncentratins f SO: are fund near large industrial surces. SO: is a respiratry irritant that can cause narrwing f the airways leading t wheezing and shrtness f breath. Lng-term expsure t SO can cause respiratry illness and aggravate existing cardivascular disease. Lead. Pb in the atmsphere ccurs as particulate matter. Pb has histrically been emitted frm vehicles cmbusting leaded gasline, as well as frm industrial surces. With the phaseut f leaded gasline, large manufacturing facilities are the surces f the largest amunts f lead emissins. Pb has the ptential t cause gastrintestinal, central nervus system, kidney and bld diseases upn prlnged expsure. Pb is als classified as a prbable human carcingen. Vlatile Organic Cmpunds. While the EPA has nt set ambient air quality standards fr vlatile rganic cmpunds (VOCs), VOCs are cnsidered zne precursrs as they react in the atmsphere t frm 3. Accrdingly, VOCs are regulated thrugh limitatins n VOC emissins frm slvents, paints, prcesses, and ther surces. Hazardus Air Pllutants. Als referred t as txic air cntaminants (TACs), HAPs are pllutants that are knwn r suspected t result in adverse health effects upn expsure thrugh inhalatin r ther expsure rutes. HAPs frm statinary surces are regulated thrugh the federal Natinal Emissin Standards fr Hazardus Air Pllutants (NESHAPS) Air Quality Technical Reprt 6//

13 prgram. HAPs frm mbile surces such as vehicles and ff-rad equipment are regulated thrugh emissin standards implemented by the EPA and/r state regulatry agencies... State and Lcal Regulatins Califrnia Clean Air Act. The Califrnia Clean Air Act was signed int law n September 3, 988, and became effective n January, 989. The Act requires that lcal air districts implement regulatins t reduce emissins frm mbile surces thrugh the adptin and enfrcement f transprtatin cntrl measures. The Califrnia Clean Air Act required the SDAB t achieve a five percent annual reductin in zne precursr emissins frm 987 until the standards are.attained. If this reductin cannt be achieved, all feasible cntrl measures must be implemented. Furthermre, the Califrnia Clean Air Act required lcal air districts t implement a Best Available Cntrl Technlgy rule and t require emissin ffsets fr nnattainment pllutants. The ARB is the state regulatry agency with authrity t enfrce regulatins t bth achieve and maintain air quality in the state. The ARB is respnsible fr the develpment, adptin, and enfrcement f the state s mtr vehicle emissins prgram, as well as the adptin f the Califrnia Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS). The ARB als reviews peratins and prgrams f the lcal air districts, and requires each air district with jurisdictin ver a nnattainment area t develp its wn strategy fr achieving the NAAQS and CAAQS. The CAA allws states t adpt ambient air quality standards and ther regulatins prvided they are at least as stringent as federal standards. The ARB has established the mre stringent CAAQS fr the six criteria pllutants thrugh the Califrnia Clean Air Act f 988, and als has established CAAQS fr additinal pllutants, including sulfates, hydrgen sulfide, vinyl chlride and visibility-reducing particles. The SDAB is currently classified as a nnattainment area under the CAAQS fr 3, PM, and PM.5. It shuld be nted that the ARB des nt differentiate between attainment f the -hur and 8-hur CAAQS fr 3; therefre, if an air basin recrds exceedances f either standard the area is cnsidered a nnattainment area fr the CAAQS fr 3. The SDAB has recrded exceedances f bth the Air Quality Technical Reprt 6//

14 -hur and 8-hur CAAQS fr 3. The fllwing specific descriptins f health effects fr the additinal Califrnia criteria air pllutants are based n the ARB (ARB ). Sulfates. Sulfates are the fully xidized inic frm f sulfur. In Califrnia, emissins f sulfur cmpunds ccur primarily frm the cmbustin f petrleum-derived fuels (e.g., gasline and diesel fuel) that cntain sulfur. This sulfur is xidized t sulfur dixide (SO) during the cmbustin prcess and subsequently cnverted t sulfate cmpunds in the atmsphere. The cnversin f SO t sulfates takes place cmparatively rapidly and cmpletely in urban areas f Califrnia due t reginal meterlgical features. The ARB s sulfates standard is designed t prevent aggravatin f respiratry symptms. Effects f sulfate expsure at levels abve the standard include a decrease in ventilatry functin, aggravatin f asthmatic symptms and an increased risk f cardi-pulmnary disease. Sulfates are particularly effective in degrading visibility, and due t fact that they are usually acidic, can harm ecsystems and damage materials and prperty. Hydrgen Sulfide. HS is a clrless gas with the dr f rtten eggs. It is frmed during bacterial decmpsitin f sulfur-cntaining rganic substances. Als, it can be present in sewer gas and sme natural gas, and can be emitted as the result f gethermal energy explitatin. Breathing HS at levels abve the standard wuld result in expsure t a very disagreeable dr. In 984, an ARB cmmittee cncluded that the ambient standard fr HS is adequate t prtect public health and t significantly reduce dr annyance. Vinyl Chlride. Vinyl chlride, a chlrinated hydrcarbn, is a clrless gas with a mild, sweet dr. Mst vinyl chlride is used t make plyvinyl chlride (PVC) plastic and vinyl prducts. Vinyl chlride has been detected near landfills, sewage plants and hazardus waste sites, due t micrbial breakdwn f chlrinated slvents. Shrt-term expsure t high levels f vinyl chlride in air causes central nervus system effects, such as dizziness, drwsiness and headaches. Lng-term expsure t vinyl chlride thrugh inhalatin and ral expsure causes liver damage. Cancer is a majr cncern frm expsure t vinyl chlride via inhalatin. Vinyl chlride expsure has been shwn t increase the risk f angisarcma, a rare frm f liver cancer, in humans. Air Quality Technical Reprt 6//

15 Visibility Reducing Particles. Visibility-reducing particles cnsist f suspended particulate matter, which is a cmplex mixture f tiny particles that cnsists f dry slid fragments, slid cres with liquid catings, and small drplets f liquid. These particles vary greatly in shape, size and chemical cmpsitin, and can be made up f many different materials such as metals, st, sil, dust, and salt. The CAAQS is intended t limit the frequency and severity f visibility impairment due t reginal haze. A separate standard fr visibility-reducing particles that is applicable nly in the Lake Tahe Air Basin is based n reductin in scenic quality. Table presents a summary f the ambient air quality standards adpted by the federal and Califrnia Clean Air Acts. Air Quality Technical Reprt 6//

16 POLLUTANT AVERAGE TIME Ozne (3) Carbn Mnxide (CO) Nitrgen Dixide (NO~) Sulfur Dixide (SO:) hur 8 hur 8 hurs hur Annual Average hur Annual Average. 4 hurs " 3 hurs hur Table Ambient Air Quality Standards CALIFORNIA STANDARDS NATIONAL STANDARDS Measurement Primary Secndary Methd Cncentratin!.9 ppm (8 ~tg/m 3).7 ppm (37 p~m 3) 9. ppm ( mg/m 3) ppm (3 mg/m 3).3 ppm (56 ~tg/m 3).8 ppm (338 pg/m 3).4 ppm (5 ~tg/m ~).5 ppm (655 [.t~m 3) Ultravilet Phtmetry Nn-Dispersive Infrared Spectrscpy Gas Phase Chemiluminescence Ultravilet Flurescence. ppm (35,t.tg,/m 3).75 ppm (47 ~tg/m ~) 9 ppm ( mg/m 3 ) 35 ppm (4 mg/m 3).53 ppm ( ~tg/m 3).3 ppm (8 ~tg/m 3).4 ppm~ (365 p~m ~). ppm (35 pg/m ~).75 ppm (47 pg/m ~) Nne.53 ppm ( ~g/m 3).5 ppm (3 ~tg/m 3) Measurement Methd Ethylene Chemiluminescence Nn-Dispersive Infrared Spectrscpy Gas Phase Chemiluminescence Pararsaniline Respirable Particulate Matter (PMl) Fine Particulate Matter (PM.5) Sulfates Lead (Pb) 4 hurs Arithmetic Mean Annual Arithmetic Mean 4 hurs 4 hurs 3-day Average Calendar Quarter 3-mnth Rlling Average 5 ~tg/m 3 ~tg/m 3 /.tg/m 3 5 ~tg/m ~.5 pg/m 3 Gravimetric r Beta Attenuatin Gravimetric r Beta Attenuatin In Chrmatgraphy Atmic Absrptin 5 ~g/m 3 5 ~tg/m 3 35 ~tg/m 3.5 ~tg/m 3.5 ~tg/m 3 5 ~tg/m 3 5/ag/m 3 35 lag/m 3.5 ~tg/m 3.5 ~tg/m 3 Inertial Separatin and Gravimetric Analysis Inertial Separatin and Gravimetric Analysis Atmic Absrptin Hydrgen Sulfide (HS) hur.3 ppm (4 ~tg/m 3) Ultravilet Flurescence Vinyl Chlride 4 hurs ppm (6 ~tg/m 3) Gas Chrmatgraphy ppm- parts per millin ~tg/m 3 = micrgrams per cubic meter mg/m 3= milligrams per cubic meter Surce: Califrnia Air Resurces Bard 9 Air Quality Technical Reprt 3 6//

17 Txic Air Cntaminants. In 983, the Califrnia Legislature enacted a prgram t identify the health effects f Txic Air Cntaminants (TACs) and t reduce expsure t these cntaminants t prtect the public health (AB 87: Health and Safety Cde sectins ). The Legislature established a tw-step prcess t address the ptential health effects frm TACs. The first step is the risk assessment (r identificatin) phase. The secnd step is the risk management (r cntrl) phase f the prcess. The State f Califrnia has identified diesel particulate matter as a TAC. Diesel particulate matter is emitted frm n- and ff-rad vehicles that utilize diesel as fuel. Fllwing identificatin f diesel particulate matter as a TAC in 998, the ARB has wrked n develping strategies and regulatins aimed at reducing the emissins and assciated risk frm diesel particulate matter. The verall strategy fr achieving these reductins is fund in the Risk Reductin Plan t Reduce Particulate Matter frm Diesel-Fueled Engines and Vehicles (State f Califrnia ). A stated gal f the plan is t reduce the cancer risk statewide arising frm expsure t diesel particulate matter by 75 percent by and by 85 percent by. The Risk Reductin Plan cntains the fllwing three cmpnents: New regulatry standards fr all new n-rad, ff-rad and statinary diesel-fueled engines and vehicles t reduce diesel particulate matter emissins by abut 9 percent verall frm current levels; New retrfit requirements fr existing n-rad, ff-rad and statinary diesel-fueled engines and vehicles where determined t be technically feasible and cst-effective; and New Phase diesel fuel regulatins t reduce the sulfur cntent levels f diesel fuel t n mre than 5 ppm t prvide the quality f diesel fuel needed by the advanced diesel particulate matter emissin cntrls. A number f prgrams and strategies t reduce diesel particulate matter are in place r are in the prcess f being develped as part f the ARB s Diesel Risk Reductin Prgram. Sme Air Quality Technical Reprt 4 6//

18 f these prgrams and strategies include thse that wuld apply t cnstructin and peratin f the Prject, including the fllwing: In, the ARB adpted new particulate matter and NOx emissin standards t clean up large diesel engines that pwer big-rig trucks, trash trucks, delivery vans and ther large vehicles. The new standard fr particulate matter takes effect in 7 and reduces emissins t gram f particulate matter per brake hrsepwer-hur (g/bhp-hr.) This is a 9 percent reductin frm the existing particulate matter standard. New engines will meet the g/bhp-hr particulate matter standard with the aid f diesel particulate filters that trap the particulate matter befre exhaust leaves the vehicle. ARB has wrked clsely with the United States Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (U.S. EPA) n develping new particulate matter and NOx standards fr engines used in ffrad equipment such as backhes, graders, and farm equipment. U.S EPA has prpsed new standards that wuld reduce the emissin frm ff-rad engines t similar levels t the n-rad engines discussed abve by -. These new engine standards were adpted as part f the Clean Air Nnrad Diesel Final Rule in 4. Once apprved by U.S. EPA, ARB will adpt these as the applicable state standards fr new ff-rad engines. These standards will reduce diesel particulate matter emissin by ver 9 percent frm new ff-rad engines currently sld in Califrnia. The ARB has adpted several regulatins that will reduce diesel emissins frm in-use vehicles and engines thrughut Califrnia. In sme cases, the particulate matter reductin strategies als reduce smg-frming emissins such as NOx. As an nging prcess, the ARB reviews air cntaminants and identifies thse that are classified as TACs. The ARB als cntinues t establish new prgrams and regulatins fr the cntrl f TACs, including diesel particulate matter, as apprpriate. The lcal air pllutin cntrl district (APCD) has the primary respnsibility fr the develpment and implementatin f rules and regulatins designed t attain the NAAQS and CAAQS, as well as the permitting f new r mdified surces, develpment f air quality management plans, and adptin and enfrcement f air pllutin regulatins. The San Dieg APCD is the lcal agency respnsible fr the administratin and enfrcement f air quality regulatins in San Dieg Cunty. Air Quality Technical Reprt 5 6//

19 The APCD and the San Dieg Assciatin f Gvernments (SANDAG) are respnsible fr develping and implementing the clean air plan fr attainment and maintenance f the ambient air quality standards in the SDAB. The San Dieg Cunty Reginal Air Quality Strategy (RAQS) was initially adpted in 99, and is updated n a triennial basis. The RAQS was updated in 995, 998,, 4 and mst recently in 9 (APCD 9). The RAQS utlines APCD s plans and cntrl measures designed t attain the state air quality standards fr 3. The RAQS des nt address the state air quality standards fr PM r PM.5. The APCD has als develped the air basin s input t the State Implementatin Plan (SIP), which is required under the Federal Clean Air Act fr areas that are ut f attainment f air quality standards. The SIP includes the APCD s plans and cntrl measures fr attaining the 3 NAAQS. The SIP is als updated n a triennial basis. The latest SIP update was submitted by the ARB t the EPA in 998, and the APCD is in the prcess f updating its SIP t reflect the new 8-hur 3 NAAQS. T that end, the APCD has develped its Eight-Hur Ozne Attainment Plan fr San Dieg Cunty (hereinafter referred t as the Attainment Plan) (APCD 7). The Attainment Plan frms the basis fr the SIP update, as it cntains dcumentatin n emissin inventries and trends, the APCD s emissin cntrl strategy, and an attainment demnstratin that shws that the SDAB will meet the NAAQS fr 3. Emissin inventries, prjectins, and trends in the Attainment Plan are based n the latest 3 SIP planning emissin prjectins cmpiled and maintained by ARB. Supprting data were develped jintly by stakehlder agencies, including ARB, the APCD, the Suth Cast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), the Suthern Califrnia Assciatin f Gvernments (SCAG), and SANDAG. Each agency plays a rle in cllecting and reviewing data as necessary t generate cmprehensive emissin inventries. The supprting data include sci-ecnmic prjectins, industrial and travel activity levels, emissin factrs, and emissin speciatin prfiles. The ARB cmpiles annual statewide emissin inventries in its emissin-related infrmatin database, the Califrnia Emissin Inventry Develpment and Reprting System (CEIDARS). Emissin prjectins fr past and future years were generated using the Califrnia Emissin Frecasting System (CEFS), develped by ARB t prject emissin trends and track prgress twards meeting emissin reductin gals and mandates. CEFS utilizes the mst current Air Quality Technical Reprt 6 6//

20 grwth and emissins cntrl data available and agreed upn by the stakehlder agencies t prvide cmprehensive prjectins f anthrpgenic (human activity-related) emissins fr any year frm 975 thrugh 3. Lcal air districts are respnsible fr cmpiling emissins data fr all pint surces and many statinary area-wide surces. Fr mbile surces, CEFS integrates emissin estimates frm ARB s EMFAC7 and OFFROAD mdels. SCAG and SANDAG incrprate data regarding highway and transit prjects int their Travel Demand Mdels fr estimating and prjecting vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and speed. The ARB s n-rad emissins inventry in EMFAC7 relies n these VMT and speed estimates. T cmplete the inventry, estimates f bigenic (naturally ccurring) emissins are develped by ARB using the Bigenic Emissins Inventry Gegraphic Infrmatin System (BEIGIS) mdel. Because the ARB mbile surce emissin prjectins and SANDAG grwth prjectins are based n ppulatin and vehicle trends and land use plans develped by the cities and by the Cunty as part f the develpment f General Plans, prjects that prpse develpment that is cnsistent with the grwth anticipated by the general plans wuld be cnsistent with the RAQS and the Attainment Plan. In the event that a prject wuld prpse develpment which is less dense than anticipated within the general plan, the prject wuld likewise be cnsistent with the RAQS and the Attainment Plan. If a prject prpses develpment that is greater than that anticipated in the general plan and SANDAG s grwth prjectins, the prject might be in cnflict with the RAQS and SIP, and might have a ptentially significant impact n air quality.. Climate and Meterlgy The SDSU Campus is lcated in central San Dieg, suth f Interstate 8 at Cllege Avenue. The campus is lcated in the San Dieg Air Basin (SDAB). The climate f the SDAB is dminated by a semi-permanent high pressure cell lcated ver the Pacific Ocean. This cell influences the directin f prevailing winds (westerly t nrthwesterly) and maintains clear skies fr much f the year. Figure prvides a graphic representatin f the prevailing winds in the prject vicinity, as measured at the San Dieg Air Pllutin Cntrl District s Air Quality Technical Reprt 7 6//

21 (APCD s) Miramar Mnitring Statin (the clsest meterlgical mnitring statin t the site). The high pressure cell als creates tw types f temperature inversins that may act t degrade lcal air quality. The climate f the SDSU area f San Dieg is characterized by a repetitive pattern f frequent early mrning cludiness, hazy afternn sunshine, clean daytime nshre breezes and little temperature change thrughut the year. Limited rainfall ccurs in the winter while summers are ften cmpletely dry. An average f inches f rain falls each year frm mid-nvember t early April. Unfrtunately, the same atmspheric cnditins that create a desirable living climate cmbine t limit the ability f the atmsphere t disperse the air pllutin generated by the large ppulatin attracted by the climate. The nshre winds acrss the castline diminish quickly when they reach the fthill cmmunities east f San Dieg, and the sinking air within the ffshre high pressure system frms a massive temperature inversin that traps all air pllutants near the grund. The resulting hrizntal and vertical stagnatin, in cnjunctin with ample sunshine, cause a number f reactive pllutants t underg phtchemical reactins and frm smg that degrades visibility and irritates tear ducts and nasal membranes. High smg levels in castal cmmunities ccasinally ccur when plluted air frm the Suth Cast (Ls Angeles) Air Basin drifts seaward and suthward at night, and then blws nshre the next day. Such weather patterns are particularly frustrating because n matter what San Dieg Cunty des t achieve clean air, such interbasin transprt will cause ccasinally unhealthy air ver much f the Cunty despite its best air pllutin cntrl effrts. Air Quality Technical Reprt 8 6//

22 Figure. Wind Rse - Miramar Mnitring Statin.3 Backgrund Air Quality The APCD perates a netwrk f ambient air mnitring statins thrughut San Dieg Cunty. The purpse f the mnitring statins is t measure ambient cncentratins f the pllutants and determine whether the ambient air quality meets the CAAQS and the NAAQS. The nearest ambient mnitring statins t the SDSU campus that measures all pllutants are the San Dieg Overland Avenue and E Cajn mnitring statins. The Overland Avenue mnitring statin als measures 3, PM, PM.5, and NO. The ther mnitring statins in the prject vicinity are the dwntwn San Dieg mnitring statin, which measures CO and SO. The Overland Avenue mnitring statin is mre representative f the San Dieg State area because the E Cajn mnitring statin is lcated farther inland is and is subject t higher ambient cncentratins due t pllutants being trapped in the valley. Ambient cncentratins f pllutants ver the last three years are presented in Table. The federal 8-hur zne standard was exceeded at the Overland Avenue mnitring statin nce in 6, twice in 7, and five times in 8. The Overland Avenue mnitring statin Air Quality Technical Reprt 9 6// PlazaLinda Verde

23 measured an exceedance f the state PM standard in 7 during the suthern Califrnia fire events. The data frm the mnitring statins indicate that air quality is in attainment f all ther ambient air quality standards. Pllutant Averaging Time Ozne 8 hur hur PM~ Annual 4 hur PMz5 Annual 4 hur NO Annual hur CO 8 hur hur SO Annual 4 hur 3 hur hur N/A - Nt Available New CAAQS prpsed by ARB SecndaryNAAQS Table Ambient Backgrund Cncentratins (ppm unless therwise indicated) Mst Stringent Ambient Air Quality Standard.7.9 gg/m 3 5 gg/m 3 gg/m 3 35 gg/m ,5.5 Mnitring Statin Overland Ave. Overland Ave. Overland Ave. Overland Ave. Overland Ave. Overland Ave. Overland Ave. Overland Ave. San Dieg San Dieg San Dieg San Dieg San Dieg San Dieg Surce: w~\~.arb.ca.gv/aqd/aqd.htm (Measurements f all pllutants at Overland statin, except CO and SO frm San Dieg statin) (-hur and 3-hur SOz and -hur CO) Air Quality Technical Reprt 6//

24 3. Threshlds f Significance The State f Califrnia has develped guidelines t address the significance f air quality impacts based n Appendix G f the State CEQA Guidelines which prvides guidance that a prject wuld have a significant envirnmental impact if it wuld:. Cnflict r bstruct the implementatin f the San Dieg Reginal Air Quality Strategy (RAQS) r applicable prtins f the State Implementatin Plan (SIP);. Result in emissins that wuld vilate any air quality standard r cntribute substantially t an existing r prjected air quality vilatin; 3. Result in a cumulatively cnsiderable net increase f PM r exceed quantitative threshlds fr 3 precursrs, xides f nitrgen (NOx) and vlatile rganic cmpunds (VOCs); 4. Expse sensitive receptrs (including, but nt limited t, schls, hspitals, resident care facilities, r day-care centers) t substantial pllutant cncentratins; r 5. Create bjectinable drs affecting a substantial number f peple. T determine whether a prject wuld (a) result in emissins that wuld vilate any air quality standard r cntribute substantially t an existing r prjected air quality vilatin; r (b) result in a cumulatively cnsiderable net increase f PM r exceed quantitative threshlds fr 3 precursrs, xides f nitrgen (NOx) and vlatile rganic cmpunds (VOCs), prject emissins may be evaluated based n the quantitative emissin threshlds established by the San Dieg APCD. As part f its air quality permitting prcess, the APCD has established threshlds in Rule. fr the preparatin f Air Quality Impact Assessments (AQIA). Fr CEQA purpses, these screening criteria can be used as numeric methds t demnstrate that a prject s ttal emissins wuld nt result in a significant impact t air quality. Since APCD des nt have AQIA threshlds fr emissins f VOCs, the use f the threshld fr Air Quality Technical Reprt 6//

25 VOCs frm the City f San Dieg s Significance Threshlds (City f San Dieg 7) is apprpriate. The screening threshlds are included in the table belw. Table 3 SCREENING-LEVEL CRITERIA FOR AIR QUALITY IMPACTS Pllutant Respirable Particulate Matter (PM) Fine Particulate Matter (PM.s) Oxides f Nitrgen (NOx) Oxides f Sulfur (SOx) Carbn Mnxide (CO) Vlatile Organic Cmpunds (VOCs) Respirable Particulate Matter (PM) Fine Particulate Matter (PM.5) Oxides f Nitrgen (NOx) Oxides f Sulfur (SOx) Carbn Mnxide (CO) Lead and Lead Cmpunds Vlatile Organic Cmpunds (VOC) Ttal Emissins Lb. per Day Lb. Per Hur Lb. per Day Tns per Year The threshlds listed in Table 3 represent screening-level threshlds that can be used t evaluate whether prject-related emissins culd cause a significant impact n air quality. Emissins belw the screening-level threshlds wuld nt cause a significant impact. In the event that emissins exceed these threshlds, mdeling wuld be required t demnstrate that the prject s ttal air quality impacts result in grund-level cncentratins that are belw the State and Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards, including apprpriate backgrund levels. Fr nnattainment pllutants (zne, with zne precursrs NOx and VOCs, and PM), if emissins exceed the threshlds shwn in Table 3, the prject culd have the ptential t Air Quality Technical Reprt 6//

26 result in a cumulatively cnsiderable net increase in these pllutants and thus culd have a significant impact n the ambient air quality. In additin t impacts frm criteria pllutants, prject impacts may include emissins f pllutants identified by the state and federal gvernment as txic air cntaminants (TACs) r Hazardus Air Pllutants (HAPs). In San Dieg Cunty, APCD Regulatin XII establishes acceptable risk levels and emissin cntrl requirements fr new and mdified facilities that may emit additinal TACs. Under Rule, emissins f TACs that result in a cancer risk f in millin r less and a health hazard index f ne r less wuld nt be required t ntify the public f ptential health risks. If a prject has the ptential t result in emissins f any TAC r HAP which result in a cancer risk f greater than in millin, the prject wuld be deemed t have a ptentially significant impact. With regard t evaluating whether a prject wuld have a significant impact n sensitive receptrs, air quality regulatrs typically define sensitive receptrs as schls (Preschl-th Grade), hspitals, resident care facilities, r day-care centers, r ther facilities that may huse individuals with health cnditins that wuld be adversely impacted by changes in air quality. Any prject which has the ptential t directly impact a sensitive receptr lcated within mile and results in a health risk greater than in millin wuld be deemed t have a ptentially significant impact. APCD Rule 5 (Public Nuisance) als prhibits emissin f any material which causes nuisance t a cnsiderable number f persns r endangers the cmfrt, health r safety f any persn. A prject that prpses a use which wuld prduce bjectinable drs wuld be deemed t have a significant dr impact if it wuld affect a cnsiderable number f ffsite receptrs. The impacts assciated with cnstructin and peratin f the prject were evaluated fr significance based n these significance criteria. Air Quality Technical Reprt 3 6//

27 4. Impacts This sectin presents an evaluatin f impacts assciated with cnstructin and peratins fr the Prject. 4. Cnstructin Activity Impacts Cnstructin activities, including sil disturbance dust emissins and cmbustin pllutants frm n-site cnstructin equipment and frm ff-site trucks hauling dirt, cement r building materials, will create a temprary additin f pllutants t the lcal airshed. These emissins are quite variable in bth time and space and differ cnsiderably amng varius cnstructin prjects. Such emissin levels can, therefre, nly be apprximately estimated with a crrespnding uncertainty in precise ambient air quality impacts. Because f their temprary nature, cnstructin activity impacts have ften been cnsidered as having a less-thansignificant air quality impact. Hwever, the cumulative impact frm all simultaneus cnstructin in the basin is a cntributr t the verall pllutin burden. A number f current APCD strategies thus fcus n dust cntrl and n using cleaner ff-rad equipment t reduce the cntributin frm cnstructin prjects. Three types f dust emissins may be assciated with cnstructin. Large particulates are generated that settle ut again rapidly in clse prximity t the surce. A fractin f the material is small enugh t remain suspended in the air semi-indefinitely. The size cut-ff fr these ttal suspended particulates (TSP) is arund 3 micrns in diameter. An even lesser fractin f TSP is small enugh t enter deep lung tissue. The size cut-ff fr particulate matter that is deeply respirable is micrns r less and is called PM. The ambient air quality standard is fr PM. The PM fractin f TSP is assumed t be arund 5 percent. Fine particulate matter, which is cnsidered particulate matter that is.5 micrns r less, is called PM.5. Depending n the type f surce, PM.5 is a fractin f the PM emissins ranging frm percent t 99 percent (SCAQMD 6). Air Quality Technical Reprt 4 6//

28 As discussed in Sectin., the Prject will be cnstructed in tw phases. Phase I invlves the fllwing cnstructin phases: Demlitin f existing structures at 578 and 568 Cllege Avenue, demlitin f existing parking lts at 564 and 54 Cllege Avenue and parking lt suth f Lind Pase, and demlitin f additinal structures in preparatin fr cnstructin f Student Apartments. Cnstructin f Mixed-Use Retail/Student Husing Buildings and Cnstructin f five-stry parking structure with, GSF f retail and 34 parking spaces. Phase II invlves the fllwing cnstructin phases: Demlitin f additinal structures in preparatin fr cnstructin f Student Apartments. Cnstructin f Mixed-Use Retail/Student Husing Buildings 4 and 5 Cnstructin f Student Apartments Cnstructin f additinal undergrund parking facilities belw Buildings 4 and 5 Tables 4a and 4b present the URBEMIS7 mdel results fr Phase I and Phase II cnstructin. Cnstructin prjects at SDSU wuld be required t implement fugitive dust cntrl measures during grading, which wuld include watering the site a minimum f twice daily t cntrl dust, as well as reducing speeds n unpaved surfaces t 5 mph r less, replacing grund cver in disturbed areas quickly, and reducing dust during lading/unlading f dirt and ther materials. Als, SDSU wuld utilize lw-voc paints that wuld nt exceed grams f VOC per liter fr interir surface and 5 grams f VOC per liter fr exterir surfaces, in accrdance with the requirements f APCD Rule 67. fr architectural catings. The tables present an estimate f the maximum daily cnstructin emissins, assuming that these cnstructin prject design features will be emplyed. Air Quality Technical Reprt 5 6//

29 Cnstructin Pr,[ect/Phase Demlitin Fugitive Dust Off-Rad Diesel On-Rad Diesel Wrker Trips Ttal Significance Threshld Abve Threshld? Site Grading Fugitive Dust Off-Rad Diesel Wrker Trips Ttal Significance Threshld Abve Threshld? Building Cnstructin Building Cnstructin Off-Rad Diesel Building Cnstructin Vendr Trips Building Cnstructin Wrker Trips Ttal Significance Threshld Abve Threshld? Paving Parking Structure Asphalt Offgassing Paving Off-Rad Diesel Paving On-Rad Diesel Paving Wrker Trips Ttal Significance Threshld Abve Threshld? Paving- General Asphalt Offgassing Paving Off-Rad Diesel Paving On-Rad Diesel Paving Wrker Trips Ttal Significance Threshld Abve Threshld? Architectural Catings Use Architectural Cating Offgassing Architectural Catings Wrker Trips Ttal Significance Threshld Abve Threshld? Maximum Simultaneus Cnstructin Emissins ~ Significance Threshld Abve Threshld? Table 4a Phase I Cnstructin Emissins Prject VOC NOx CO N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 5 N. 5 N 5 N 5 N 5 N.3 PM PMz,,~ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Maximum simultaneus emissins fr all pllutants except PMl and PM.5 ccur during simultaneus buildin cnstructin, parking structure cnstructin, parking area cnstructin, and architectural catings applicatin. Maximum simultaneus emissins f PM~ and PM.5 ccur during demlitin activities. Air Quality Technical Reprt 6 6//

30 Cnstructin Prj ect/phase Demlitin Fugitive Dust Off-Rad Diesel On-Rad Diesel Wrker Trips Ttal Significance Threshld Abve Threshld? Site Grading Fugitive Dust Off-Rad Diesel Wrker Trips Ttal Significance Threshld Abve Threshld? Building Cnstructin Building Cnstructin Off-Rad Diesel Building Cnstructin Vendr Trips Building Cnstructin Wrker Trips Ttal Significance Threshld Abve Threshld? Paving- General Asphalt Offgassing Paving Off-Rad Diesel Paving On-Rad Diesel Paving Wrker Trips Ttal Significance Threshld Abve Threshld? Amhiteetural Catings Use Architectural Cating Offgassing Architectural Catings Wrker Trips Ttal Significance Threshld Abve Threshld? Maximum Simultaneus Cnstructin Emissins Significance Threshld Abve Threshld? Table 4b Phase II Cnstructin Emissins Pr iect VOC NOx CO N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 5 N PM N N N.6..8 N PMz,,~ N N N N 5 N N N N N N N N N tmaximum simultaneus emissins fr VOC and CO ccur during simultaneus building cnstructin, paving, and amhitectural catings use. Maximum simultaneus emissins fr NOx, SOx, PMa and PM.5 ccur during demlitin activities. Air Quality Technical Reprt 7 6//

31 As shwn in the Tables 4a and 4b, emissins f all criteria pllutants wuld be belw the significance threshlds, and n mitigatin measures wuld be required. Emissins during cnstructin wuld be less than significant. Under the University-Serving Retail Alternative, neither the parking structure nr the undergrund parking under Buildings 4 and 5 wuld be cnstructed. Cnstructin emissins fr this alternative wuld therefre be lwer than fr the University/Cmmunity-Serving Retail Alternative that are presented in Tables 4a and 4b. Emissins wuld therefre be lwer than emissins presented in Tables 4a and 4b, and wuld als be less than significant fr the University-Serving Retail Alternative. 4. Operatinal Impacts Operatinal impacts assciated with the Prject wuld include impacts assciated with vehicular traffic, as well as area surces such as energy use, landscaping, cnsumer prducts use, and architectural catings use fr maintenance purpses. The fllwing subsectins present an analysis f peratinal impacts assciated with the prject, which wuld include University/Cmmunity-Serving Retail uses, and the alternative t the prject, which wuld include University-Serving Retail uses. University/Cmmunity-Serving Retail. The Traffic Impact Analysis (Linsctt, Law and Greenspan ) calculated prject trip generatin rates based n the prpsed develpment with University/Cmmunity-Serving Retail, minus decreases in average daily trips (ADT) that wuld ccur based n remval f existing residences and retail land uses. As discussed in Sectin., tw ptins fr the retail develpment were cnsidered in the Traffic Impact Analysis. Accrding t the Traffic Impact Analysis, the Prject wuld generate a net traffic increase f,396 ADT under this ptin. These trip generatin rates were accunted fr within the URBEMIS Mdel runs fr vehicular emissins. Air Quality Technical Reprt 8 6//

32 Operatinal impacts assciated with vehicular traffic and area surces including energy use, landscaping, cnsumer prducts use, and architectural catings use fr maintenance purpses were estimated using the URBEMIS mdel, Versin It shuld be nted that the URBEMIS mdel des nt cntain San Dieg-specific emissin factrs; therefre, emissins were based n Califrnia statewide averages. The URBEMIS Mdel calculates vehicle emissins based n emissin factrs frm the EMFAC7 mdel. It was assumed that the first year f full ccupancy wuld be 3 fr Phase I, and 5 fr Phase II. Based n the results f the EMFAC7 mdel fr subsequent years, emissins wuld decrease n an annual basis frm 3 nward due t phase-ut f higher plluting vehicles and implementatin f mre stringent emissin standards that are taken int accunt in the EMFAC7 mdel. The prject will incrprate Prject Design Features that will reduce emissins assciated with area surces. These Prject Design Features that were cnsidered in the analysis include the fllwing: Building will exceed Title 4 standards by % Lw-VOC architectural catings Table 5 presents the results f the emissin calculatins, in lbs/day, cnsidering the abvelisted emissin reductin measures, alng with a cmparisn with the significance criteria. Air Quality Technical Reprt 9 6//

33 Table 5 Operatinal Emissins - University/Cmmunity-Serving Retail Natural Gas Cmbustin Landscaping Cnsumer Prducts Architectural Catings Vehicular Emissins TOTAL Significance Screening Criteria Abve Screening Criteria? Natural Gas Cmbustin Cnsumer Prducts Architectural Catings Vehicular Emissins TOTAL Significance Screening Criteria Abve Screening Criteria? vc N N NOx CO Summer Day, Lbs/day N N Winter Day, Lbs/day N N SOn PMl N N loo N N PM,~ O.Ol O.Ol N N Prjects that invlve traffic impacts may have the ptential fr CO "ht spts" t ccur (i.e., high cncentratins f CO at intersectins). T evaluate the ptential fr CO "ht spts," the prcedures in the Caltrans ITS Transprtatin Prject-Level Carbn Mnxide Prtcl were used. The Traffic Impact Analysis identified intersectins fr the Near Term and Lng Term scenaris fr which prject-related traffic, in cmbinatin with prjected future traffic cnsidering cumulative prjects, wuld cause r cntribute t a significant impact. CO "ht spts" may ccur fr intersectins that perate at LOS E r F. Intersectins that were predicted t perate at LOS E r wrse in the Near Term are as fllws: Cllege Avenue and Eastbund I-8 Ramps (am peak hur) Cllege Avenue and Canyn Crest (am and pm peak hurs) Cllege Avenue and Zura Way (am and pm peak hurs) Cllege Avenue and Mntezuma Rad (am and pm peak hur) Air Quality Technical Reprt 3 6//

34 Cllege Avenue/El Cajn Bulevard (pm peak hur) Mntezuma Rad and Campanile Avenue (pm peak hur) Intersectins that were predicted t perate at LOS E r wrse in the Lng Term are as fllws: Cllege Avenue and Eastbund I-8 Ramps (pm peak hur) Cllege Avenue and Canyn Crest (am and pm peak hurs) Cllege Avenue and Zura Way (am and pm peak hurs) Cllege Avenue and Mntezuma Rad (am and pm peak hur) Mntezuma Rad and 55 th Street (am and pm peak hurs) Mntezuma Rad and Campanile Avenue (.am and pm peak hurs) As recmmended in the Prtcl, CALINE4 mdeling was cnducted fr the intersectins identified abve fr the Prject plus cumulative traffic scenari. Mdeling was cnducted based n the guidance in Appendix B f the Prtcl t calculate maximum predicted -hur CO cncentratins. Predicted -hur CO cncentratins were then scaled t evaluate maximum predicted 8-hur CO cncentratins using the recmmended scaling factr f.7 fr urban lcatins. Inputs t the CALINE4 mdel were btained frm the Traffic Impact Analysis. As recmmended in the Prtcl, receptrs were lcated at lcatins that were apprximately 3 meters frm the mixing zne, and at a height f.8 meters. Fr cnservative purpses, average apprach and departure speeds were assumed t be mph, which results in higher CO emissin rates and a cnservative estimate f ptential impacts. Fr cnservative purpses, emissin factrs frm the EMFAC7 mdel fr the year 3 (pening year) were used in the CALINE4 mdel. In accrdance with the Caltrans ITS Transprtatin Prject-Level Carbn Mnxide Prtcl, it is als necessary t estimate future backgrund CO cncentratins in the prject vicinity t Air Quality Technical Reprt 3 6//

35 determine the ptential impact plus backgrund and evaluate the ptential fr CO "ht spts" due t the prject. The existing maximum -hur and 8-hur backgrund cncentratins f CO that was measured at the San Dieg mnitring statin fr the perid 6-8 f 5.3 and 3.7 ppm were used t represent future maximum backgrund -hur and 8-hur CO cncentratins. CO cncentratins in the future may be lwer as inspectin and maintenance prgrams and mre stringent emissin cntrls are placed n vehicles. The CALINE4 mdel utputs are prvided in Appendix A f this reprt. Table 6 presents a summary f the predicted CO cncentratins (impact plus backgrund) fr the intersectins evaluated fr the Near Term and Lng Term scenaris. As shwn in Table 6, the predicted CO cncentratins wuld be substantially belw the -hur and 8-hur NAAQS and CAAQS fr CO shwn in Table f this reprt. Therefre, n exceedances f the CO standard are predicted, and the prject wuld nt cause r cntribute t a vilatin f the air quality standard. Air Quality Technical Reprt 3 6//

36 Table 6 CO "Ht Spts" Mdeling Results (ppm) Intersectin I Near Term Cnditins Near Term Cllege Avenue and EB I-8 Ramps Cllege Avenue and Canyn Crest Drive Cllege Avenue ~and Zura Way Cllege. Avenue and Mntezuma Rad Cllege Avenue and E Cajn Bulevard Mntezuma Rad and Campanile Way am N/A N/A pm N/A Cllege Avenue and EB I-8 Ramps Cllege Avenue and Canyn Crest Drive Cllege Avenue and Zura Way Cllege Avenue and Mntezuma Rad Cllege Avenue and El Cajn Bulevard Mntezuma Rad and Campanile Way Term Cnditins Cllege Avenue and EB I-8 Ramps Cllege Avenue and Canyn Crest Drive Cllege Avenue and Zura Way Cllege Avenue and Mntezuma Rad Mntezuma Rad and 55 th Street Mntezuma Rad and Campanile Way am N/A pm Avenue and EB I-8 Ramps Cllege Avenue and Canyn Crest Drive Avenue and Zura Way Cllege Avenue and Mntezuma Rad Mntezuma Rad and 55 th Street Mntezuma Rad and Campanile Way As shwn in Table 6, all impacts, when added t backgrund CO cncentratins, wuld be belw the CAAQS fr bth the -hur and 8-hur averaging perids; therefre, the prject Air Quality Technical Reprt 33 6//