Food Waste, Carbon, and the Waste Agenda - A Sector Perspective

Transcription

1 IFST Symposium Food Waste, Carbon, and the Waste Agenda - A Sector Perspective 13 th May 2008, Edinburgh Peter Jones, OBE Director, Biffa Waste Services Limited peter.jones@biffa.co.uk

2 Overseas impacts 600 million tonnes 600 million tonnes (raw resources - UK) Total UK Raw Resource Usage and Disposal per Annum (excludes water) Matter can neither be created nor destroyed Inputs Use UK 1200 million tonnes 1200 million tonnes Disposal Other 16% Minerals and Rock 50% Fossil Fuels 34% Public Sector Goods Not Measured Industrial Goods Not Measured Power Transport & Heat 34% Packaging 3% Consumer Goods 10% 70 million tonnes re-use - UK 600 million tonnes Lasting Products 1% Dredgings 4% Air Emissions 34% Mining Waste 20% Landfill 15% Agricultural Waste 16% Sewage 5% Recycling 5% 570 million tonnes (wastage - UK) Overseas impacts 600 million tonnes

3 UK Arisings by Sector 2003 Total arisings, 430 million tonnes Estimated Total Annual Waste Arisings, By Sector Total = 428 million tonnes Agriculture 13% 20% Mining and Quarrying 19% Sewage Sludge Dredged Spoils Household 6% 7% 8% <1% 27% Comercial Demolition and Construction Industrial Source: DEFRA, Environment Agency, Water UK

4 Carbon and Biomass to Landfill Sources 2007 Timber 30% Plastic 5% Paper & card 10% Food chain, pubs & restaurants 25% Household carbon/garden & kitchen & DIY 30% Estimate million tonnes per annum Source: Biffa estimates

5 Composting of Source Segregated Waste 1994/ / / / / / / / / / / / /07 million tonnes (input) Source: The Composting Association (TCA) and WRAP forecast for 2006/07

6 Household Waste Composition, England (2000/01) Plastic film 3% Dense plastic 4% Soil 3% Metal cans/ foil 3% Textiles 3% Disposable nappies 2% Garden waste 20% Scrap metal/white goods 5% Wood/furniture 5% Glass 7% General household sweepings 9% Kitchen waste 17% Paper & board 18% Source: Dr Julian Parfitt, WRAP

7 Food Based Carbon as Waste, 2008 Sewage sludges 8% Pubs, restaurants, caterers 8% Food retailers 8% Composted 8% total Composted c8% total Food processing industry 25% Domestic food 25% Domestic garden waste/gardens 25% Total 24 million tonnes Source: WRAP, Biffa, DEFRA, sectoral

8

9 The Three Musketeers of Policy Implementation ECONOMICS TECHNOLOGY ATTITUDE

10 Why is Landfill so Cheap? Landfill Costs Per Tonne New Technology Labour & Operations Labour Maintenance Acquisition & Aftercare Gross Margin 12/Tonne Margin & Cost Of Capital 50/Tonne

11 Timing the Landfill Transition 2007 Tonnes to Landfill (millions) 100 Gate Fee Tonnage Inputs Gate Fee per tonne? Operator Fee per tonne

12 The Carbon Competitors Landfiller Energy Boy Composter Recycler Form Long term - Handicaps - Planning Consents - Taxes - Better odds elsewhere Early Faller - Traded Permits - Renewable targets - Import dependency on rivals - Rising logistics costs - High value prizes - Improving technology Expensive Thoroughbred Regular Winner - Low value prizes - Staying power - Plenty of local runners - Cheap setup - Soils directive - Low distribution costs Stayer -EU targets - Energy trends - High value prizes - Traded Permits - Producer reuse Good Value All Rounder

13 Organic Waste Gate Fees per tonne 80 Landfill (gate fees plus tax) Food waste Garden waste 0 Year Source: LetsRecycle.com and MRW. Forecast for landfill incorporates changes in landfill tax only

14 Feedstock Comes from Cattle Slurry, Chicken Litter, Pig Waste and Food Processing Residues Source: ETSU

15 Small On-Farm Digester Source: ETSU

16 Farm Co-op AD Plant in Denmark Source: Greenfinch

17 Aerobic Facility Lelystad (69,000 tpa) The aerobic facility also encompasses a waste recycling centre (bulky wastes) on site View of tunnel wall View of material prior to composting Source: Lorien Engineering Solutions

18 TEG s Silo Cage System for Conversion of Organic Waste

19 Central Bottling Overview of tank system where digestion occurs

20 Biffa Leicester MHW Treatment New cascade ball mill-bursom

21 Biffa-Leicester MHW Treatment New bio-gas plant-wanlip

22 Source: Greenfinch (October 2005)

23

24 Energy Balance 5000 tpa biowaste Biowaste 5% parasitic 2400 m 3 /d biogas CHP 1300 MWh/y surplus electricity Digester Unit 30% parasitic 1600 MWh/y surplus heat Source: Greenfinch

25 Gasification Plant Isle of Wight

26 Source: DTI The Lights Go Out???

27 New Alliances in Carbon Efficiency Electrical & Heat Users Energy Suppliers Technology Skills Grid Backup Grid Inputs Regulatory Risk Infrastructure Contracts Locations Economic Role Solutions & ESCO's in Communities Carbon CSR Agenda Forward Price Uncertainty Technology Suppliers Waste & Resource Logistics Rising Gate Fees Process Technology Conditioning Technology Supply Chain Strong Balance Sheets

28 Changed Added Value in Waste Today Collection fee -Transport -Landfill A Living +/-Collection fee -Transport -Landfill +Renewable energy +LATS +Product fee +Tradeable Permits on products +Producer Responsibility recharges -Shipping and handling?

29

30 f a.co.uk