MAPPING NEEDS AND ACTIVITIES ON WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM

Transcription

1 ASIA PACIFIC WORKSHOP ON GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP ON WASTE MANAGEMENT: MAPPING NEEDS AND ACTIVITIES ON WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM Country Report by Pham Thi Nguyet Nga Vietnam Environment Administration Vietnam Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

2 CONTENTS I. Major policies regulating waste management in Vietnam II. Current waste management system in Vietnam III. International cooperation IV. Challenges V. Priority areas for capacity building

3 I. MAJOR POLICIES REGULATING WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM Law and regulations: Law on Environmental protection 2005 (on revision process now) has provisions on waste management in general, hazardous waste, normal solid waste and waste-water management National Strategy on Environmental Protection up to year 2010 and Vision to 2020 National Strategy on Integrated Solid Waste Management until 2025, vision to 2050: set the target for the handling of solid waste management; such as municipal waste, industrial waste, medical waste, in the target year of 2015, 2020 and 2025.

4 I. MAJOR POLICIES REGULATING WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM (C0NT.) Decree No 59/2007/ND-CP dated April 9, 2007 of the government promulgating the regulation on the solid waste management activities, the right and duty of individuals and organization related to solid waste management. Circular No 12/2011 of MoNRE regulates on HW management, attached with the Lists of Hazardous Waste and Technical requirements for specialized equipment and facilities in HW management. It is an important tool to control effectively the types of hazardous waste, ensuring that the process of transfer of hazardous waste must be managed closely from generation, transport to treatment or recycling.

5 I. MAJOR POLICIES REGULATING WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM (C0NT.) Circular No. 08/2009 of the MONRE detail guidelines and regulation on environmental management and protection in economic zones, IPs, high tech zones and industrial clusters. Decision No. 64/2003 of the Prime Minister approving the plan for managing the establishments causing seriously environmental pollution. Decree No. 117/2009 of the Government promulgating the Regulation on sanction against administrative violation in the field of protection of the environment.

6 Legal documents are being developed: The Decision to be issued by the Prime Minister which requires the manufacturers and importers of Electrical and Electronic Equipment to have responsibility on collection of their products when they become e-waste.

7 I. MAJOR POLICIES REGULATING WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM (C0NT.) Standards: QCVN 07: 2009 on technical regulations for hazardous waste threshold QCVN 02:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on emission of health care solid waste incinerators QCVN 30:2010/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on emission of industrial waste incinerators QCVN 02: 2008 National Technical regulation on emission outlet gas from medical solid waste incinerators

8 I. MAJOR POLICIES REGULATING WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM (C0NT.) QCVN 07:2010/BXD - Urban Engineering Infrastructure, Chapter 9 SWM QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT National Technical Regulations on Wastewater of the Solid waste landfill sites TCXDVN 320: Construction Standard on hazardous solid waste landfill design TCVN Requirement for environmental protection for sanitary landfills QCVN 25: 2009 technical standards requirements and characteristics of leachate from municipal waste landfills.

9 II. CURRENT WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN VIETNAM 1. Waste generation Vietnam produces over 15m tons of waste/year from various sources. More than 80% (12.8m tons/yr) is from municipal sources. Industries generate over 2.6m tons of waste (17%) each year. About 160,000 tons/yr (1%) of Vietnam s waste is considered hazardous, including hazardous medical waste from hospitals; toxic or flammable waste from industrial processes; and, pesticides and pesticide containers from agriculture. Solid waste in most of craft villages have not been fully collected; waste in many craft villages are discarded directly to the environment, contamninating the soil, water and air and affecting the landscape. Total hazardous solid waste from craft villages is about 2.8 tons/day (Source: MOC 2008)

10 II. Current waste management system in Vietnam (cont.) Proportions of Solid waste in 2008 and estimated proportions for 2015

11 II. CURRENT WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN VIETNAM (CONT.) Waste amount forecast in Vietnam

12 II. CURRENT WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN VIETNAM (CONT.) Ministry Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Ministry of Construction Ministry of Industry and Trade Ministry of Health Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Ministry of Science and Technology Responsibilities State management in environmental protection; issue guidelines, regulations, and standards on waste management; hazardous waste management Responsible for municipal solid waste management and landfill sitting; developing and managing plans for the construction of waste-related infrastructures nationally and provincially Responsible for guiding, supervising the implementation of the environmental protection law and other regulations related to industry, steering to develop the environmental industry Responsible for medical waste management Responsible for agricultural waste management Assess waste treatment technologies which are recently studied and applied the first time in Viet Nam

13 II. CURRENT WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN VIETNAM (CONT.) Waste collection and treatment: There are 63 Urban Environmental Companies (URENCO) in 63 provinces/cities of Vietnam: Provide services of collecting and transporting municipal waste, industrial waste and medical waste, etc.; sweeping streets, collecting scraps,. 85% of towns/cities are using non-sanitary landfills (only 17 out of 91 municipal solid waste landfills are sanitary landfills) More than 80 companies of HW transport and treatment are licensed by VEA (MONRE). The HW transport companies receive waste from registered and unregistered generator as well. The transfer of hazardous waste is controlled by the HW manifests. - Big generators usually transfer HW to licensed transporter and treatment companies - Household and small generators who do not register usually transfer HW to unlicensed collectors

14 II. CURRENT WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN VIETNAM (CONT.) Industrial waste: not wellseparated at source, the situation of discarding industrial waste together with domestic waste or even hazardous waste still occurs Medical solid waste is burned in incinerators (around 300 incinerators of various capacity, mostly are small and medium sized incinerators (Source: MONRE 2009)) Incinerator for medical and industrial solid waste

15 III. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 3R projects (JICA) pilot in Hanoi, Hue, Da Nang, HCMC Cooperating with Korean Government in developing an electronic manifest system for Solid Waste Management in Vietnam Assistance from Japan in developing the The Decision to be issued by the Prime Minister which requires the manufacturers and importers of Electrical and Electronic Equipment to have responsibility on collection of their products when they become e-waste. Some projects granted by GEF for management of persistent organic pollutants (PCBs, Dioxin/Furan, POP- Pesticides)

16 IV. CHALLENGES Overlaps in functions and responsibilities of relevant ministries and agencies Policies do exist but overlaps and conflicts still remain Don t have list of normal solid waste No legal document specialized for e-waste Waste is not separated at sources (only pilot 3R in some areas) Lack large-scale centered treatment complex for industrial solid waste and hazardous waste Medical solid waste is incinerated a potential source of pollution (dioxin/furan emission) if not well-managed Recycling: small-sized, spontaneous, difficult to control, applying backward technologies (particularly in craft villages)

17 V. PRIORITY AREAS FOR CAPACITY BUILDING Develop the list of normal solid waste Reuse and recycling of solid waste Appraise waste treatment technologies Awareness raising to encourage the generators to transfer waste to licensed transporters and treatment facility operators. Research and assess technologies for energy recovery (incineration) and gas gathering at landfills Study the current status of e-waste to develop proper treatment technologies Develop a model for treatment of hazardous and nonhazardous solid waste at craft villages Mainstream climate change into waste management

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