Partnership project of solid waste management in Palau

Transcription

1 Partnership project of solid waste management in Palau Mengkur W. Rechelulk 1), Takeshi Fujiwara 2), Hideaki Nagare 2) 1) Ministry of Resource and Development, Republic of Palau 2) Graduate School of Environ. and Life Sci., Okayama University

2 Contents Japan-Palau Seminar Study on Solid Waste Study on Leachate Water 1

3 Contents Japan-Palau Seminar Study on Solid Waste Study on Leachate Water 2

4 Japan-Palau Joint Seminar 2012 Importance of Solid Waste Management in Palau Date: August 28, 2012 Venue: Palau Community College (PCC) Number of audience: 84 Students of PCC Staffs of Japanese embassy and JICA Others Objectives: To show the achievements of our researches and activities to public, and encourage 3R. 3

5 Japan-Palau Joint Seminar 2012 Programs: Opening address Two presentations from Japanese side One presentation from PCC students Two presentations from Palau side Closing remark 4

6 Japan-Palau Joint Seminar

7 Contents Japan-Palau Seminar Study on Solid Waste Study on Leachate Water 6

8 Study Mr. Fukui: Optimal positioning of waste separation stations and evaluation of recycling effects on landfill waste reduction. ( ) Ms. Ito: Questionnaire survey on solid waste generation and future projection of the amount of waste by considering growth population and tourism ( ) 7

9 News Paper Articles in Japan 8

10 Objectives Questionnaire survey is conducted to understand the amount and composition of the household and commercial household waste. Projection of future waste generation is performed through economic analysis to clear effect of population and tourism. Collection simulation of recyclable waste is performed 9

11 Study Area Palau Koror Airai Population 20,000 14,000 2,700 Area 480km 2 20km 2 44km 2 Households 4,710 3,

12 Questionnaire survey Household Survey Commercial Survey Target Residents in Airai State Commercials in Koror (shops, restaurants, offices, banks schools, hospitals, churches, hotels, airport) Period 2010/8/2~2010/8/ /8/2~2010/8/13 Area Airai State Koror Response Rate Methods 54% (distributions:187 responses:101) selected the houses randomly handed the questionnaire to each house and collected later 70% (distributions:143 responses:100) selected the famous commercials handed the questionnaire to each commercial and collected later 11

13 Questionnaire Survey (household) Students with a teacher of Okayama Ichinomiya high school city joined our questionnaire survey as research practice. Visit and hearing about solid waste characteristics and amount of discards 12

14 Questionnaire survey (household) Practical Knowledge Frequency of the collection in Ailai Other 46% 9% 1% Once a week 28% 9% 3% 4% Don t know Once a day Once a week More than once a week Once a month Don't know Other Blank YES Incorrect knowledge NO Do you know where the collected waste is being taken? 74% 26% Do you know how much waste do you generate in daily? 55% 45% 13

15 Questionnaire survey (household) 3Rs Knowledge YES NO Have you ever heard of the 3Rs? Do you know what the 3Rs represents? 77% 23% 89% 5.5% Experience Somewhat 5.5% YES NO Have you ever taken part in any campaign related to waste management or environmental protection? Have you ever sold or taken your garbage to any waste recycling centre? 46% 54% 57% 43% 14

16 Questionnaire survey (household) Willing to participate Do you make any attempt to minimize waste generated in your house? Would you use second-hand items in your household in order to help reduce discards? YES NO 80% 20% 88% 12% YES NO Not sure Are you willing to separate your waste at your house? Are you willing to keep your waste until the collection they are collected? 94% 3% 3% 90% 3% 7% Are you willing to obey the rules? 89% 3% 8% 15

17 Questionnaire survey (household) Waste composition of household Carton 2% Pla-bottle 3% Glass bottle 5% Pla-bag 2% Newspaper 8% Cardboard 14% Pla-cont 2% Cans:alum 2% Yard-waste 27% Kitchen 33% Cans:tin 2% Other 0.4% Kitchen Yard-waste Cardboard Newspaper Glass bottle Pla-bottle Carton Pla-bag Pla-cont Cans:alum Cans:tin 16

18 Questionnaire survey (household) Household waste1) Recyclable waste 2) Koror(g/cap/day) Ailai(g/cap/day) Kitchen Yard Paper Texstile Plastic Leather/Rubber Metals Glass/Ceramic Miscellaneous ) provided by Mr. Fuji of Koror state, 2) this questionnaire survey Total waste discards per capita per day 327g(Ailai) > 246g(Koror) Yard and paper waste is high in Ailai state, and plastic waste is high in Koror Kitchen waste is almost same. 17

19 Questionnaire survey (Business) Waste generation (kg/commercial/day) shop restaurant office school hotel shop restaurant office school hotel Number of samples

20 Questionnaire survey (Business) 120% Recyclable waste (weight %) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Other Glass bottle Cans Plastics Papers Yard Food 0% shop restaurant office school hotel Paper waste occupies large part in shop, office, restaurant and hotel. Plastic waste and cans are high in hotel waste. Half of school waste is yard waste. Restaurant and hotel generate food waste. 19

21 Questionnaire survey (Business) Way of Waste Disposal (%) food waste paper waste plastic waste glass waste cans waste fiber waste ceramics waste others )Order to a waste collection company )Carry to the state's landfill by yourself 3)Dispose at the shop 4)Recycle the waste 5)Other Waste is transported by company-self or collection company 20

22 Prediction of Solid Waste Generation Habitant population increase is predicted Number and expenditure of tourist is assumed (increase, stable, decrease) Future solid waste generation of household and business is predicted by considering economic effect. 21

23 Population Scenario ( 人 ) 23,000 22,000 21,000 Estimate of Population (Palau) 22,239 Population of Palau predicted by U.S. Bureau of the Census has difference from real population. 20,000 19,000 18,000 17,000 20,842 U.S. Bureau of the Census U.S. Bureau of the Census Adjusted value Real Data 修正後の人口予測 実際の人口 Therefore, population curve is adjusted to the real. Expenditure by residents (household consumption) is estimated by using the adjusted population curve and expenditure per capita of Expenditure by Residents (Palau) (1000$) 69,000 68,000 67,000 66,000 65,000 64,000 63,000 62,000 61,000 63, ,242 Expenditure per capita(2007) *population 22

24 Tourist Scenario Simulation of the number and total expenditure of tourists ( 人 ) 200, , ,000 Number of Tourists (Palau) Increase Stable Decrease 1 増加 2 一定 3 減少 159,462 80,000 40, ,566 84,566 43, (1000$) ,000 Expenditure of Tourists (Palau) 200, , ,000 50,000 72,

25 Government Scenario Expenditure of Government: scenario Expenditure ($1000) Expenditure ($1000) Expenditure of Government: scenario Expenditure ($1000) Expenditure of Government : scenario

26 Result of Future Household Waste (t/yr 2,100 Household waste (Palau) 2,000 1,900 1,800 1,700 1,600 1,500 1,400 1, (t/yr) 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Household waste in 2020(Palau) Composition of household waste (Palau) 7% 2% 10% 6% 10% 34% 31% Food Paper Plastic Metals Glass/Ceramic Yard Waste Other Waste generation ,459t 2020:1-1 2,000t 1Increase 2Stable 3Decrease 2020:2-2(BAU) 1,729t 2020:3-3 1,601t 1.37times 1.19 times 1.10 times Composition Paper and Food occupy high percentages 25

27 Result of Future Business waste Business waste(palau) (t/yr 34,000) 32,000 30,000 28,000 26,000 24,000 22, (t/yr) 35,000 Business waste in 2020(Palau) 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, Composition of Business waste(palau) 3% 2% 8% 40% 36% 11% Paper Plastic Food Metals Glass/Ceramic Other Waste generation ,182t 2020:1-1 32,269t 1Increase 2Stable 3Decrease 2020:2-2(BAU) 27,172t 2020:3-3 24,797t 1.33times 1.12 times 1.03 times Composition Paper and Food occupy high percentages 26

28 Conclusion Questionnaire survey to household and business: the composition of these waste were cleared. Future waste generation effected by tourists were calculated 27

29 Contents Japan-Palau Seminar Study on Solid Waste Study on Leachate Water 28

30 Study on Leachate Water Objective Investigating the actual conditions of heavy metal pollution in Palau for the better management of landfill sites. import leachate w/o appropriate management discharge... diffusion / dilution accumulation 29

31 Water quality survey in Palau Date August 10-12, January 8 Site Dumping site in Airai state and its downstream area Dumping site in Koror state (M-Dock) and its periphery Water quality items ph, EC, ORP, TOC, P, and 22 metals Dumping site in Koror Dumping site in Airai 30

32 Sampling points Puddle at west bank Seepage at east bank Oxidation pond 31

33 upstream downstrea m downstream seepage at hillside surface water downstream 32

34 Summary of the study As for the water quality indices measured in this research, pollution issued from dumping solid wastes seems not critical at this moment in Palau. Possible reasons: Household waste (esp. plastics) is the dominant. Lifetime of home appliances are rather long. There are no heavy or chemical industries. Note: At some points, leachate came out of the landfill sites. Attention should be paid for the leachate. 33

35 Conclusions of the project 34

36 Thank you for your kind attention! 35