Biometano. Situazione attuale e prospettive di sviluppo. Lorenzo Maggioni, R&D CIB

Transcription

1 Biometano. Situazione attuale e prospettive di sviluppo Lorenzo Maggioni, R&D CIB Padova, 29 Marzo 2017

2 Consorzio Italiano Biogas (Italian Biogas Consortium) The CIB - Italian Biogas Consortium, formed in March 2009, has national coverage and is the reference point in the Italian biogas and biomethane sector. MEMBERS Agricultural biogas plants > companies European projects

3 COORDINAMENTO BIOMETANO Attivo dal 2011

4 PIATTAFORMA BIOMETANO Novembre 2016

5 CONTENTS Definitions and why using biomethane State of the art Potential developments Case studies Conclusions

6 ACRONYMS & DEFINITIONS FOSSIL FUEL Compressed Natural Gas CNG Compressed Natural Gas CNG Liquified Natural Gas LNG Liquified Natural Gas LNG BIOFUEL = Compressed Biomethane = BIO-CNG = Compressed Bio Gas = CBG = Liquified Biomethane = BIO-LNG = LBM = Liquified Bio Gas = LBG

7 ACRONYMS & DEFINITIONS UPGRADING UNIT CH 4 : 55-65% CH 4 > 97% Italian D.Lgs 28/2011: BIOMETHANE gas produced from renewable sources with the characteristics and usage conditions corresponding to those of natural gas and suitable for injection into the natural gas grid. CH4>97%

8 Why using biomethane like a sustainable fuel? flexible input material, flexible sale options, storable, efficient, tailored to demand, climate-friendly Biomethane has very low emissions Car engines are less noisy No new distribution infrastructure needed. Grids are available Biomethane can be blended at any ratio with natural gas Thanks to biogasdoneright model, it does not compete with food and can be produced in your own country LBM has better quality than (most) fossil LNG. LBM is cleaner and cheaper than other biofuels per energy unit

9 Why using biomethane like a sustainable fuel? -saving-nature-naturally-in-nepal

10 Why using biomethane like a sustainable fuel?

11 STATE OF THE ART Biogas and biomethane in Europe The number of biogas plants in Europe increased from 16,834 to 17,376 in 2015 (+3%). The number of biomethane plants in Europe increased significantly from 367 to 459 in 2015 (+25%). Source: EBA Statistical Report 2016

12 STATE OF THE ART Biomethane in Europe Germany has 185 biomethane plants and is therefore market leader for biomethane, as for biogas. The other 14 countries have a total of 274 biomethane plants The total biomethane production in Europe was 1.23 billion Nm 3 in 2015 Source: EBA Statistical Report 2016

13 STATE OF THE ART Biogas in Italy 2 nd European market after Germany > 4 Billion invested in the last 6 years > biogas plants built (agriculture + sewage + waste + industrial). > MW el (for the moment biogas used only for electricity production!) About 3 billion Nm 3 Biomethane equivalent utilized per year qualified green jobs created thanks to biogas

14 STATE OF THE ART Biomethane in Italy 7 existent biomethane plants Size: m 3 biomethane /h Not connected to the natural gas grids. Demonstrative projects 20 new plants already authorized; size: m 3 biomethane /h 1 plant m 3 biomethane /h already built and ready to start 10 projects for LBM Feedstock: actually > Organic Fraction Municipal Solid Waste

15 STATE OF THE ART LNG in Italy 8 L-CNG filling station* (> in the North of Italy) 6 LNG filling station* L-CNG 20 new LNG or LCNG station in the process of authorization * > LNG from Barcelona terminal NG refuelling station Industrial uses LNG filling station Piacenza (70 trucks/d 10 t/d) LNG filling station Gera Lario Fleet of 20 LNG trucks LNG for industrial use Sardinia

16 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

17 PRESENT SITUATION Biogas in Europe Un possibile uso del biogas verso l autosufficienza energetica! Resource Woody Biomass 66 Herbaceous Biomass 11 Wet biomass residues 26 Potential [ m 9 ] Energy crops Total Green Gas Grid Project, 2013 European Biomethane Roadmap Maximal technical potential Consumi di gas naturale in EU nel 2013 = m 3 Produzione attuale EU di biogas = m 3 NG equiv.

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19 BIOGAS AND BIOMETHANE IN ITALY

20 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Biomethane in Italy According to Italian Biogas Consortium a realistic development plan of methane/biomethane within 2020 should include: doubling NG service stations to 2000; Doubling current consumption of CNG methane for transport sector up to about 2 billions Nm 3 by 2020 (using preferably LNG) ; Increasing biomethane consumption up to 25% of the total consumption, about Nm 3 /year (bio-cng or bio-lng) HEAVY TRANSPORT: POSSIBLE SCENARIO IN 2030 Potential replacement of traditional fuels with 10% of LNG (up to 20% in an optimistic scenario) or LBM. In Italy LNG and LBM will cover a market volume of 3.2 Mton.

21 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Biomethane in Italy Maximum technical potential m 3 /y

22 Biomethane in Italy 1 biomethane tractor (bio-cng) Dual Fuel: Biomethane + diesel Italian Gas Grid infrastructure data: Primary transport network: 34,000 km; Distribution: km networks. Biomethane Dies el engi ne > NGV High interest from industrial groups

23 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Biogasdoneright

24 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Biogasdoneright BIOGASDONERIGHT is a technological platform that combines Anaerobic Digestion (AD) technologies and other Industrial and Agricultural practices, that when applied synergistically are able to: produce additional carbon both in already farmed land and in land that suffer desertification or lowered productivity, especially in dry lands simultaneously increase the World Net Primary Production (NPP) of farmland and lower the negative externalities associated with modern conventional agricultural practices; continuous increase (until an equilibrium is reached) of the organic content of soils sequestering carbon at the required scale (> 1 Gton C per year) realize this at very low cost contribute at the same time to an ecological agricultural intensification

25 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Other ways to produce biomethane

26 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT SABATIER REACTION: CO 2 + 4H 2 CH 4 + 2H 2 O

27 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT CO 2 constitutes more than 70% of greenhouse gases (GHG). In 2002, the world has issued 23.6 Gt of CO 2. In 2012, 35.6 Gt of CO 2. The use of biomass in combination with the "Carbon Capture and Storage", by the year 2050, can avoid emissions by 8.0 Gt of CO 2 equivalent. J. Koornneef, P. van Breevoort, P. Noothout, C. Hendriks, L. Luning, A. Camps; 2013

28 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT BIOMETHANE AS BIOFUEL

29 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT LNG bio-lng L-CNG bio-l-cng

30 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Bio-LNG can be produced in your own country. Bio-LNG, thanks to biogasdoneright model, does not compete with food. Bio-LNG is not LBG. It has a higher energy content. Bio-LNG has better quality than (most) fossil LNG. Bio-LNG is cheaper than other biofuels per energy unit. Bio-LNG is cleaner than all other liquid fuels. Bio-LNG can be used to improve fossil LNG quality. Thanks to Peter van der Gaag

31 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Biogas Refinery SOLAR PV BIOGASDONERIGHT AND SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION ORGANIC FERTILIZERS MONOCROPS DOUBLE CROPPING OTHER CROPS CEREALS Integration of natural gas and electricity grid Production of renewable & organic fertilizers Production of biochemicals and biomaterials Mitigation of emissions GRID POWER TO GAS PEM ELECTROLYZER H2 AD FEED RAW BIOGAS METHANATION UNIT BIOGAS REFINERY 1. BIOGAS TO POWER 2. POWER TO GAS 3. BIOCH4 TO LNG 4. BIOCH4 TO PLASTIC LIVESTOCK MANURE ORGANIC WASTES HEAT CHILLE R CHP UPGRADING POLIMERIZATION UNIT BIOMASS LIQUEFA CTION MEAT/MILK/EGGS POWER TO GRID (CAPACITY PREMIUM) LNG STORAG E BIOPLASTI C REFINERY L-CNG FOR TRANSPORT BIOPLASTIC Our aim: an integrated biorefinery distributed on the territory that brings circular economy at the farm level

32 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Biogas Refinery OTHERS ALGAE BIOMASS A CO2 POWER TO GAS EMISSION FREE CAR BIOMASS B BIO CH4 BIOPLASTIC S ENERGY HEAT ELECTRICIT Y BIOMASS C BIOGAS PLANT LIQUID FERTILIZERS BIOMASS BIOCHAR SOLID

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34 CASE STUDY 1 Cooperative, founded in 1956, with 248 shareholders owning farms with milk production. 50,000 head of Friesian and Brown Swiss cows, with an average milk production of liters/day hectares of forage farm land turnover (2014) and 330 employees. 2 cheese factories with a totale covered surface of m 2.

35 CASE STUDY 1 The project In Sardinia there are not natural gas grids and not NGV The Cooperative Assegnatari Associati Arborea - 3A is already using LNG (100 m 3 storage at the milk factory in Arborea) with a 1 MW el and 1,2 MW th CHP For the above reasons, they decided to produce LBM (and not bio-cng) The project includes, also, the construction of bio-lcng filing stations The LBM and the bio-cng will be used to refuel company trucks and vehicles of other companies If there were problems with the use of LBM in the transport sector, it can replace LNG

36 CASE STUDY 1 numbers Average amount of manure to be treated: 335 m 3 / day 3 anaerobic digesters with a total volume ~ m 3 Raw biogas production: 500 m 3 /h di biogas. Expected CH 4 average content: 55% Expected LBM production ~4,5 t/d Average amount of Nitrogen to be removed: ~ 580 Kg / d. Total investment for the construction of the plant (anaerobic digestion, LBM production, distribution and LBM digestate treatment): ~ 12 million Euro.

37 CASE STUDY 2

38 CASE STUDY 2 Numbers and project Total area: m 2 ( m 2 covered) Total flows in / out: t / y ( trucks/y) Electric Consumption : MWh el 30,000 / year Steam Consumption: 150,000 t / year Caviro uses a thermo-electric power plant that uses solid fuels (food waste and lignocelluloses biomass), as well as biogas (produced from waste and water treatment) and methane, to produce steam at high pressure and temperature, equipped with two turbo alternators for the production of electricity. The electricity generated allows Caviro almost total independence from reliance on the national grid, while in terms of heat production the company is already completely The project: 8 million m 3 /y biomethane (gaseus) 8 million m 3 /y LBM self-sufficient.

39 CASE STUDY 3 Based in Veneto region, S.E.S.A. is one of the most important Italian companies involved in the activities of recycling, recovery, disposal and transportation of waste. In Este (PD) they own a treatment plant with a capacity < t/y of Organic Fraction Municipal Solid Waste

40 CASE STUDY 3 Numbers and project An investment in the biomethane sector of 42 million euro, spread over 5 years m 3 biomethane / h (LBM + biocng) already authorized > 150 natural CNG and LNG trucks for the collection and transport of waste

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42 CONCLUSIONS In Italy biomethane could be a very important advanced biofuel. It could contribute to achieve the climate targets thanks to the reduction of CO 2 eq emissions, it increases security of supply and Italian energy independence from other countries In Italy biomethane has an enormous potential (maximum technical potential of 8 billion m 3 bioch 4 / y) THE ITALIAN MARKET IS READY TO START! But it is important to remove, as soon as possible, some of the major barriers for his development We are looking for NANO-LNG technologies and we are very interested to participate in EU projects (H2020, etc)

43 22-23 May, Parchi del Garda, Pacengo (Verona), Italy CIB Consorzio Italiano Biogas e Gassificazione segreteria@consorziobiogas.it P.IVA: c/o Parco Tecnologico Padano Via Einstein, Loc. Cascina Codazza Lodi (LO) Lorenzo Maggioni ricerca@consorziobiogas.it Thanks for you attention!