Limited Indoor Air Quality Assessment

Transcription

1 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 and Bryan Dairy Road Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project No. H Prepared for: Young Rainey STAR Center Pinellas County BOCC 7887 Bryan Dairy Road Largo, Florida Prepared by: Terracon Consultants, Inc. Tampa, Florida

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3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Scope of Services Standard of Care General Conditions and Limitations Reliance BUILDING DESCRIPTION FIELD ACTIVITIES Visual Assessment General IAQ Measurements Spore Trap Sampling Tape-Lift Sampling Concrete Slab Moisture Testing EVALUATION CRITERIA Visual Assessment General IAQ Measurements Bioaerosol Exposure Limits Concrete Slab Moisture Testing RESULTS Visual Assessment Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Temperature and Relative Humidity Total Bioaerosols Tape-Lift Sample Results Concrete Slab Moisture Results CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS APPENDIX A: Laboratory Reports APPENDIX B: Photographs APPENDIX C: APPENDIX D: Certifications Building Drawing Responsive Resourceful Reliable i

4 PINELLAS COUNTY BOCC YOUNG RAINEY STAR CENTER Areas 121 and BRYAN DAIRY ROAD LARGO, FLORIDA Terracon Project H March 3, PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.1 Scope of Services Terracon Consultants, Inc. (Terracon) conducted a limited Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) assessment in Areas 121 and 133 at the Pinellas County Communications Building located at 7887 Bryan Dairy Road in Largo, Florida. Terracon representative, Ms. Nacole Bowersox, Certified Indoor Environmentalist and Florida Licensed Mold Assessor, and Ms. Tolu Adesanya performed a limited IAQ assessment including concrete slab moisture testing on February 4, 2014, and February 7, Refer to Appendix C for a copy of Ms. Bowersox s certification. The evaluation was performed in accordance with Terracon Proposal Number PH dated January 17, 2014, and our Contract# B, Testing Services: Indoor Air Quality (Countywide) issued to Terracon Consultants, Inc. (Terracon), dated August 28, We understand these IAQ services have been requested due to occupant concerns about the indoor work environment. The indoor air quality parameters measured in representative indoor locations included carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), temperature, relative humidity (RH), total bioaerosols, and surface tape-lift samples. Total bioaerosol air samples were collected using a spore trap sampling technique from representative indoor locations and the outdoor environment. Surface tape lift samples were collected from surfaces observed with potential fungal growth. Samples were submitted to an independent laboratory for analysis. 1.2 Standard of Care Terracon conducted this assessment in general accordance with our referenced proposal and guidelines established by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) in Recognition, Evaluation, and Control of Indoor Mold, 2008; Assessment, Remediation, and Post-Remediation Verification of Mold in Buildings (AIHA Guideline ); and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings, 2008; American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F Standard Test Method for Measuring Moisture Vapor Emission Rate of Concrete Subfloors Using Anhydrous Calcium Chloride, Responsive Resourceful Reliable 1

5 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H General Conditions and Limitations This limited IAQ assessment was conducted at the subject property on February 4, 2014, and February 7, 2014, based on information provided to Terracon. The level of effort and associated tasks completed for this assessment were limited to the scope of services outlined in our January 17, 2014, proposal. Terracon did not attempt to identify every potential exposure or hazard present in the building. Fungal spores are ubiquitous to the environment, and have somewhat specific requirements for survival and growth. Elevated fungal spore concentrations in indoor environments occur when both moisture and food source are present. Indoor food sources for fungal growth can include organic materials such as those resulting from a flood or sewer back up, or building materials high in cellulose such as, but not limited to, carpet backing, drywall paper or ceiling panels. Moisture sources in buildings can occur as a result of leaks from water or sewer lines, moisture intrusion through walls and foundations or as condensation in heating, ventilation, and airconditioning (HVAC) systems. In some areas of the United States, relative humidity during certain times of the year is high enough to serve as a moisture source. In order to reduce the potential occurrence or recurrence of fungal growth in indoor environments, sources of indoor moisture must be eliminated or controlled. Concrete moisture emission is a natural process driven by environmental conditions. All concrete subfloors emit some amount of moisture in vapor form. The values for moisture vapor emission rate (MVER) are not constant. Factors such as seasonal climate changes and operation of HVAC equipment can affect the level of moisture vapor emission measured at a specific time. Terracon was not able to remove all residual adhesives, curing compounds, sealers, or paints from the concrete subfloor sample locations prior to the MVER tests. A layer of asbestos-containing black mastic was present on the subfloor. Terracon s representatives performing the moisture slab testing were also accredited asbestos building inspectors who removed as much of the asbestos-containing mastic as possible following industry and standards set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Without the use of water or mastic removing chemicals, all of the mastic was not able to be removed. The results, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this report are based on conditions observed during our assessment. Many factors such as weather conditions, building occupancy, ventilation patterns, and seasonal variations in mold levels can affect the conditions observed. The information contained in this report should not be relied upon to represent conditions that existed previously or at a later date. Terracon does not warrant the services of regulatory agencies, laboratories, or other third parties supplying information, which may have been used in the preparation of this report. No warranty, express or implied is made. Responsive Resourceful Reliable 2

6 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H Reliance The limited IAQ assessment has been prepared for the exclusive use and reliance of Pinellas County BOCC. Use or reliance by any other party is prohibited without the written authorization of Pinellas County BOCC and Terracon. Reliance on the limited IAQ assessment report by Pinellas County BOCC and all authorized parties will be subject to the terms, conditions, and limitations stated in the proposal dated December 9, 2013, the report, and our contract dated August 28, 2013, between Pinellas County and Terracon. 2.0 BUILDING DESCRIPTION According to the Pinellas County Property Appraiser s website, the two-story building was constructed in 1956 and consists of approximately 700,000 square feet. The building included, but was not limited to offices, laboratories, lobbies, restrooms, and a cafeteria. The building consisted of a concrete slab on grade foundation. Interior and exterior walls were comprised of concrete or gypsum wallboard system. Interior finishes included 2 x 2 or 2 x 4 lay-in-ceiling tiles; and resilient floor tiles and carpeting. The roof consisted of layers of built-up composition under a thermoplastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane and was not surveyed as part of our scope of services during this project. Heating, ventilating, air-conditioning (HVAC) systems with ducted vents were located on the roof of the building. One air handler unit supplied conditioned air to Areas 121 and 133, which was observed during this assessment. 3.0 FIELD ACTIVITIES 3.1 Visual Assessment A visual assessment was conducted in general accordance with EPA and AIHA guidelines. The indoor environment was observed for visual evidence of moisture intrusion, visible fungal growth, or other hygiene concerns that could impact indoor air quality. Destructive sampling/testing was not within the scope of work for this project, except during concrete moisture slab testing which included the removal of flooring and adhesive. Area 121 was divided into five different rooms (varies from the drawing in Attachment D) including: 121 S, which was not assessed 121 A, visually assessed, but not sampled 121 BCNOP 121 QLDR 121 EFGHIJKTJJ (E-JJ) Responsive Resourceful Reliable 3

7 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H Area 133 was divided into two different areas (area fits the description on the drawing in Attachment D) including: 133 AB, which was not assessed 133 CDEFGHI 3.2 General IAQ Measurements Carbon dioxide, temperature, and RH readings were obtained using a Q-Trak Indoor Air Quality instrument, model 8554, manufactured by TSI, Inc. The instrument is calibrated annually. Measurements were obtained from representative indoor locations within the building and the outdoor environment. 3.3 Spore Trap Sampling Terracon conducted sampling for total bioaerosols in seven representative locations throughout Areas 121 and 133. Two total bioaerosol samples were collected from the outdoor environment contemporaneously for comparative purposes. The total bioaerosol samples were collected at an approximate height of four feet above the finished floor surface. The samples were collected utilizing a BioPump calibrated at 15 liters of air per minute prior to sample collection. Each sample was collected over a span of 5 minutes for a total volume of 75 liters of air/sample. Terracon contemporaneously sampled for total bioaerosols in the outdoor air. Sample cassettes were submitted under chain of custody (COC) to EMSL Analytical, Inc. (EMSL), Orlando, Florida for microscopic identification and quantification of bioaerosols (i.e., fungal spores, fungal structures). EMSL is accredited by the AIHA Laboratory Accreditation Programs, LLC under the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Accreditation Program (EMLAP #163563). 3.4 Tape-Lift Sampling Terracon collected four tape-lift samples from surfaces which appeared to support fungal growth during the February 4, 2014, assessment. The tape-lift samples were collected using clear Biotape slides pressed over a suspect fungal-impacted area. The collected samples were placed inside a sampling container, labeled, and submitted under COC to EMSL for microscopic analysis. 3.5 Concrete Slab Moisture Testing Terracon performed the moisture vapor emission rate (MVER) tests in general accordance with procedures specified in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Specification F "Standard Test Method for Measuring Moisture Vapor Emission Rate of Concrete Subfloor Using Anhydrous Calcium Chloride". Test units developed by VaporGauge were used to perform the quantitative test method described in their literature. The test unit utilizes a Responsive Resourceful Reliable 4

8 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H container of desiccant sealed under a cover to measure the amount of water vapor transmitted through a concrete floor slab. The ASTM standard requires testing at three different locations for floor areas up to 1,000 square feet. One additional test is required for each additional 1,000 square feet or fraction thereof. A total of five test units were placed in representative locations throughout the approximately 2,200-square foot area in Area 121. A total of four test units were placed in representative locations throughout the approximately 1,900-square foot area in Area EVALUATION CRITERIA 4.1 Visual Assessment Since many building materials can provide a source of food for mold, water is the limiting factor in minimizing the potential for its growth. Therefore, visible fungal spores, excessive dirt, and water-damaged building materials should not be observed. When these conditions are observed, cleaning or remediation activities should be initiated to minimize the potential for fungus-related issues. 4.2 General IAQ Measurements Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a colorless, odorless gas that, in the indoor environment, is generated mainly by human respiration. Carbon dioxide has been widely used by indoor air quality professionals as a surrogate for various occupant generated indoor contaminants, such as cigarette smoke, volatile organic compounds, and bioeffluents, which are known to cause annoyance, irritation, or discomfort among building occupants. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) Standard , Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, gives specific design criteria for determining the ventilation rates for different types of facilities. The standard calls for outdoor air supply requirements based on the usage of the space, the occupant density, and the square footage of the space. Terracon derived the breathing zone outdoor airflow required per person using the default values in ASHRAE Standard , which assumes the maximum number of occupants expected within 1,000 square feet of specific functional spaces, i.e., 5 occupants for offices. Using Table 6.1 of ASHRAE , the recommendation for outdoor airflow rate per person for offices is 17 cubic feet per minute (cfm). The outdoor airflow rate required per unit area is 0.06 cfm. Using these benchmark values, the following analyses have been made: Under these conditions, maintaining a steady-state CO 2 concentration for offices no greater than 610 ppm above the outdoor air concentration equates to a breathing zone outdoor airflow rate of 17 cfm per person. At the steady-state CO 2 concentration, a substantial majority of visitors (80 Responsive Resourceful Reliable 5

9 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H % or more) entering a space will be satisfied with respect to human bioeffluents (body odor). The EPA has documented that higher ventilation rates directly correspond to a reduction in reported occupant complaints regarding the perceived indoor air quality. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates occupational exposure to CO 2 under 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) , Table Z-1 Limits for Air Contaminants. The permissible exposure limit (PEL) for CO 2 is 5,000 parts per million (ppm) as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH ) has established a threshold limit value (TLV ) for CO 2 of 5,000 ppm as an 8-hour TWA and 30,000 ppm as a short-term exposure limit (STEL). TLVs are guidelines and are not enforceable by OSHA. Temperature and Relative Humidity Indoor air temperature and relative humidity (RH) are physical conditions important to the perception of comfort. ASHRAE Standard , Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, identifies six primary factors that affect comfort: metabolic rate (affected by the activity being performed); clothing insulation; air temperature; radiant temperature; air speed; and humidity. The relationships are complex, but to summarize, a temperature range between 68 and 79 degrees Fahrenheit ( F) with relative humidity below 60 percent (%) is recommended for persons working at sedentary to moderately elevated physical activity levels. Relative humidity below 20 percent is not recommended due to the effect of dry air on both the mucous membranes and the skin. Higher temperatures require lower humidity for comfort. In order to avoid conditions sufficiently moist to promote the growth of fungi or other microbial growth, RH should not exceed 60%. 4.3 Bioaerosol Exposure Limits In the indoor environment, microorganisms often exist as bioaerosols. Bioaerosols can be airborne particles that are living or were released from a living organism. At present, no mandatory regulations or standards have been established for the maximum allowable concentration of bioaerosols such as mold spores. Although bioaerosols have not been conclusively associated with adverse health effects commonly noted in building-related complaints (e.g., mucous membrane irritation, headache, and fatigue), some studies and case histories have shown correlations between these symptoms and microbial contamination of humidification and cooling systems. Over the past several years, industrial hygienists and researchers from a number of governmental and non-governmental agencies have collectively gathered a significant body of data from air, dust, and surface samples during both investigative studies and abatement projects. The recommended criteria for evaluating airborne fungal spore concentrations which have emerged from peer-reviewed publications include the following: Responsive Resourceful Reliable 6

10 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H The fungal spore concentration in indoor air should be quantitatively lower than, but qualitatively similar to, that of outdoor air. 2. The presence of one or more fungal groups at significant levels indoors but not outdoors may be evidence of indoor amplification (i.e., biological growth occurring in the indoor environment). 3. Pathogenic (disease causing) and toxigenic (toxin-producing) fungi should not be amplified. 4.4 Concrete Slab Moisture Testing The moisture vapor emitted from a concrete slab is measured in pounds. This measurement is the equivalent weight of water evaporating from 1000 ft 2 of concrete surface in a 24 hour period. The generally accepted industry standard for maximum allowable moisture emission for installation of flooring is between three (3) to five (5) pounds per 1,000-square feet per 24 hours. 5.0 RESULTS 5.1 Visual Assessment Area 121 Room 121 A was used to store equipment and furniture. Most of the items within the room appeared to be supporting microbial growth. Room 121 BCNOP was one open room (no longer partitioned as observed in the drawing in Appendix D). According to Mr. Riiska a walk-in cooler/freezer was on the other side of the west walls (labeled as 119 J on the drawing). He also stated that the room recently underwent remediation activities including some wall replacement and carpet replacement. Terracon observed rusty metal air supply vents and visible fungal growth underneath several carpet tiles. Room QLDR was one long room (no longer partitioned as observed in the drawing) and was used to store various equipment and furniture. At the start of our assessment, visible water droplets were observed on the vinyl floor tile flooring on the west end of the room. Visible fungal growth was observed on all of the equipment and furniture, as well as the vinyl cove trim at the base of the wall. Room E-JJ included four large rooms and consisted of carpeting and vinyl floor tiles. One builtin counter was observed, but no other furniture was observed in the room. Visible fungal growth was not observed on surfaces at the time of our assessment. Responsive Resourceful Reliable 7

11 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H Area 133 Room 133 C was an unoccupied office that had carpeting, wood paneling walls and general office furniture. Visible fungal growth was observed on the wood paneling walls, door and office furniture. Room 133 D was an occupied office that had carpeting, wood paneling walls and general office furniture. Visible fungal growth was observed on the wood paneling walls, door and office furniture. Visible fungal growth was also observed on binders and other paper items on the bookshelves. The carpeting was stained and visible fungal growth was observed under the vinyl chair mat at the desk. Room 133 E was an occupied office that had carpeting, gypsum wallboard walls and general office furniture. Visible fungal growth was observed on the door and office furniture as well as a leather case near the entrance to the room. Water was observed leaking from the refrigerator. The supply air vent in the room was obstructed with clear tape. Room 133 F was an unoccupied office that had carpeting and gypsum wallboard walls. Visible fungal growth was observed on the door and on the carpeting under the vinyl chair mat. Room 133 G was an unoccupied office that had carpeting, gypsum wallboard walls and general office furniture. Visible fungal growth was observed on the door and some office furniture as well as on the carpeting under the vinyl chair mat. Room 133 H was an unoccupied office that had carpeting and wood paneling walls. Visible fungal growth was observed on the door and the wood paneling walls. Room 133 I was a lobby/lounge that had carpeting, wood paneling walls and general office furniture. Visible fungal growth was observed on the wood paneling walls, furniture, pictures and a clock hanging on the walls. Terracon conducted visual observations of AHU 1 which supplied conditioned air to Areas 121 and 133. Overall the interior components of the unit appeared to support an accumulation of dust and fungal growth. Refer to Appendix B for photographic documentation of our visual observations. 5.2 Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Short-term (grab) CO 2 measurements were obtained from representative indoor locations and from the ambient outdoor environment. The average outdoor CO 2 concentration measured on February 4, 2014 was 462 ppm. Therefore, based on ASHRAE Standard , indoor Responsive Resourceful Reliable 8

12 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H locations with CO 2 concentrations greater than 1,072 ppm (462 ppm ppm) would be areas suspect for insufficient outdoor air delivery. The outdoor CO 2 concentration of 462 ppm is relative and could change based on fluctuating ambient outdoor CO 2 concentrations. The CO 2 concentrations ranged from 518 ppm to 587 ppm in the indoor environment. The grab CO 2 results appear to indicate adequate air exchange and outdoor air introduction for the occupancy rate at the time of the assessment in the areas monitored. A summary of the CO 2 measurements is presented in Table 1.0, below. 5.3 Temperature and Relative Humidity Temperature and RH were measured at representative locations throughout the building. Outdoor temperature on February 4, 2014 was 69.1 o F and the indoor temperature ranged from 62.3 o F to 71.2 o F. Outdoor relative humidity on February 4, 2014, was 67.0%, and the indoor relative humidity ranged from 59.5% to 68.9%. Indoor temperature and RH were recorded again on February 7, Indoor temperature at that time ranged from 67.5 o F to 69.3 o F and RH ranged from 54.1% to 59.0%. The measured indoor temperature was generally within the referenced ASHRAE guideline for thermal comfort in the indoor environment. The measured indoor RH was higher than the recommended value of 60% on February 4, 2014, and below 60% on February 7, A summary of temperature and RH readings are located in Tables 1.0 and 2.0. TABLE 1.0: GENERAL IAQ MEASUREMENTS FEBRUARY 4, 2014 LOCATION CO 2 (ppm) Temperature ( O F) Relative Humidity (%) Room 121 BCNOP Room 121 BCNOP Room 121 QLDR Room 121 QLDR Room 121 EFGHIJKTJJ Room 121 EFGHIJKTJJ Area 121 Average Indoor Room 131 CDEFGHI Room 131 CDEFGHI Area 133 Average Indoor Outdoor Responsive Resourceful Reliable 9

13 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H Total Bioaerosols TABLE 2.0: GENERAL IAQ MEASUREMENTS FEBRUARY 7, 2014 LOCATION Temperature ( O F) Relative Humidity (%) Room 121 BCNOP Room 121 QLDR Room 121 EFGHIJKTJJ Area 121 Average Indoor Room 131 CDEFGHI Area 133 Average Indoor Outdoor Airborne fungal spores were sampled at seven indoor locations and two outdoor locations for comparison. Sampling results from the interior areas were compared to those collected outside the building. A comparison of the sampling results yielded the following general findings: 1. Total airborne fungal spore concentrations in indoor area samples collected in Area 121 ranged from 900 counts per cubic meter of air (count/m 3 ) to 1,460 count/m Total airborne fungal spore concentrations in indoor area samples collected in Area 133 ranged from 1,300 count/m 3 to 2,480 count/m Total outdoor fungal spores concentration averaged 1,195 count/m The laboratory results of all indoor samples except for the one collected in Area 121 BCNOP indicate elevated total spore concentrations when compared to the results of the outdoor samples. 5. The fungal genera and fungal spore groups identified inside the building were similar to those found outdoors. The airborne concentration of fungal bioaerosols identified inside the building was generally higher than those found outdoors, specifically the fungal spore group Aspergillus/Penicillium and the fungal genus Cladosporium. The fungal genus Cladosporium was considered to be amplified in the samples collected in Rooms 121 BCNOP, 133I, and 133F. Responsive Resourceful Reliable 10

14 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H The fungal spore group Aspergillus/Penicillium was considered to be amplified in the samples collected in Rooms 121 QLDR, 121 E-JJ, 133I, 133C, 133D and 133F. The laboratory analytical report is presented in Appendix A. The total bioaerosol values documented in this report are empirical values. To date, no data are available that support a medically based threshold limit or dose-response relationship for exposure to fungal aerosols or fungal aeroallergens. No state or federal exposure limits have been established for fungal aerosols. 5.5 Tape-Lift Sample Results Terracon collected four tape-lift samples from building materials or furniture displaying signs of potential fungal growth. Fungal spores and hyphal fragments were observed indicating the presence of fungal growth. The analytical results are presented in Table 3.0 below. Table 3.0 Tape-Lift Sample Results Sample # Location Results TS-01 TS-02 TS-03 TS-04 AHU 1 Fan Blades Room 121 BCNOP Under Carpet Square Room 133F Carpet Room 133D Door Aspergillus/Penicillium Low Cladosporium Medium Hyphal Fragment Low Scopulariopsis - High Hyphal Fragment High Aspergillus/Penicillium High As provided by the laboratory, the analytical results are interpreted as follows: Rare less than or equal to 10 spore counts per coverslip Low spore counts per coverslip Medium 101-1,000 spore counts per coverslip High greater than 1,000 spore counts per coverslip The laboratory analytical report for the tape-lift samples is provided in Appendix A. 5.6 Concrete Slab Moisture Results Four of the tests performed fall within the maximum allowable moisture emission for installation of flooring between three (3) to five (5) pounds per 1,000-square feet per 24 hours. Five test locations exceeded this value. Responsive Resourceful Reliable 11

15 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H The MVER reported in Table 4.0 below only reflects the condition of the concrete floor at the time of the test. These tests yield only a snapshot-in-time of moisture emission from the upper portion of the concrete and cannot predict the long-term performance of a floor. A high MVER result indicates a floor is not ready to receive flooring, but a low MVER result only indicates that the moisture level in the upper portion of the concrete may be acceptable. MVER above the floor covering manufacturer s recommended limit can, over time, result in flooring adhesion failures and staining of the floor finish. It should be noted that conditions during tested were not optimal because of elevated relative humidity readings which were recorded during the initial placement of the anhydrous calcium chloride containers. TABLE 4.0: FLOOR MVER TEST RESULTS Test Test Initial Final No. Location Weight (g) Weight (g) Weight of Exposure Moisture Emission Water (g) Time (hrs.) Lbs/1,000Ft2/24Hrs 1 Room 121P : Room 121O : Room 121L : Room 121K : Room 121H : Room 133I : Room 133C : Room 133F : Room 133H : CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS Various items including equipment, furniture, paper items and building materials were observed to be supporting fungal growth throughout Areas 121 and 133. Air and surface samples confirmed the presence of amplified fungal spore concentrations in the air and on surfaces. The total bioaerosol concentrations inside the building were generally greater than the total bioaerosol concentrations in the exterior environment. The fungal spore group Aspergillus/Penicillium and the fungal genus Cladosporium detected at elevated airborne concentrations in the indoor environment relative to the outdoor environment. The surface Responsive Resourceful Reliable 12

16 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H sample results also indicated of the presence of Aspergillus/Penicillium and Cladosporium on various surfaces. The fungal genus Scopulariopsis was also identified under carpet tiles. Airborne Scopulariopsis spores would typically be identified in the Aspergillus/Penicillium spore group in the air samples. Numerous factors may be contributing to the fungal contamination including: AHU 1 is supporting fungal growth on the interior supply-side components. It is recommended to periodically clean the interior surfaces of the air handling units on a regular schedule which can be established after initial cleaning and subsequent inspections. Cleaning of the interior surfaces should include but not be limited to the fan blades, fan blade housing, cooling coils and interior insulation. The initial cleaning of AHU 1 should be conducted by a Florida licensed mold remediation contractor following the manufacturer s recommended maintenance and services schedule. In addition, Remove supply air vent obstructions. An HVAC contractor should balance the system to address issues that prompted blockage of supply air registers. Although the carbon dioxide and temperature measurements were within the ASHRAE recommended value; relative humidity was elevated during our initial assessment and borderline during our pick up of the moisture slab containers on February 7, Evidence of historically high relative humidity was observed based on the rusty metal supply air vents and the water droplets which formed on the floor tiles. Terracon recommends that a mechanical engineer should evaluated the HVAC system for proper relative humidity control. In the interim, it may be helpful to install dehumidifiers into the rooms until further evaluation of the space is conducted and remediation activities commence. Terracon did not observe the walk-in cooler/freezer. Terracon recommends that the walk-in cooler/freezer be evaluated to determine if it is operating and insulated effectively. Moisture slab testing indicated the moisture level in the upper portion of the concrete was not suitable for the floor covering material in Area 121. The reason for this is undetermined at this time. Terracon understands that the building may have been built over a water feature. Terracon recommends that the concrete slab should be further evaluated with respect to elevated moisture. Furthermore, Terracon recommends that additional unused paper or cardboard items in the referenced evaluation locations be removed and discarded. It is recommended that a detailed scope of work be developed by a Florida licensed mold assessor to describe the furniture and building materials that should be discarded or cleaned by a Florida licensed mold contractor. The scope of work should detail the items to be cleaned and by which method. Terracon recommends removal of the affected carpeting and wood paneling by a Florida licensed mold remediation contractor. Because the building is occupied, Terracon recommends that the scope of work includes work area containment and monitoring. At a Responsive Resourceful Reliable 13

17 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H minimum a Florida licensed mold assessor should conduct a visual inspection of affected building materials prior to building redevelopment as well as the collection of post remediation air samples. The results, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this report are based on conditions observed during our survey of the building. The information contained in this report is relevant to the dates on which this survey was performed, and should not be relied upon to represent conditions at a later date. This report has been prepared on behalf of and exclusively for use by Pinellas County BOCC for specific application to their project as discussed. This report is not a bidding document. Contractors or consultants reviewing this report must draw their own conclusions regarding further investigation or remediation deemed necessary. Responsive Resourceful Reliable 14

18 Appendix A Laboratory Reports

19 EMSL Analytical, Inc Adanson Street, Suite 900 Orlando, FL Phone/Fax: (407) / (407) / orlandolab@emsl.com Order ID: Customer ID: Customer PO: Project ID: TERA72 Pinellas County IAQ Attn: Proj: Nacole Bowersox Terracon Consultants, Inc. 504 E. Tyler St. Tampa, FL H (Pinellas County IAQ) Phone: (813) Fax: (813) Collected: 02/04/2014 Received: 02/06/2014 Analyzed: 02/10/2014 Test Report: Air-O-Cell( ) Analysis of Fungal Spores & Particulates by Optical Microscopy (Methods EMSL 05-TP-003, ASTM D7391) Lab Sample Number: Client Sample ID: Volume (L): Sample Location: ST Room 121 BCNOP ST Room 121 QLDR ST Room 121 E-JJ Spore Types Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total Alternaria Ascospores Aspergillus/Penicillium Basidiospores Bipolaris Chaetomium Cladosporium Curvularia Epicoccum Fusarium Ganoderma Myxomycetes Pithomyces Rust Scopulariopsis Stachybotrys Torula Ulocladium Unidentifiable Spores Zygomycetes Nigrospora Pestalotiopsis Total Fungi Hyphal Fragment Insect Fragment Pollen Analyt. Sensitivity 600x Analyt. Sensitivity 300x - 13* * * - Skin Fragments (1-4) Fibrous Particulate (1-4) Background (1-5) Bipolaris++ = Bipolaris/Drechslera/Exserohilum Myxomycetes++ = Myxomycetes/Periconia/Smut No discernable field blank was submitted with this group of samples. Blanca Cortes, Ph.D., Laboratory Manager or Other Approved Signatory High levels of background particulate can obscure spores and other particulates leading to underestimation. Background levels of 5 indicate an overloading of background particulates, prohibiting accurate detection and quantification. Present = Spores detected on overloaded samples. Results are not blank corrected unless otherwise noted. The detection limit is equal to one fungal spore, structure, pollen, fiber particle or insect fragment. "*" Denotes particles found at 300X. "-" Denotes not detected. Due to method stopping rules, raw counts in excess of 100 are extrapolated based on the percentage analyzed. EMSL maintains liability limited to cost of analysis. This report relates only to the samples reported above and may not be reproduced, except in full, without written approval by EMSL. EMSL bears no responsibility for sample collection activities or analytical method limitations. Interpretation and use of test results are the responsibility of the client. Samples received in good condition unless otherwise noted. Samples analyzed by EMSL Analytical, Inc. Orlando, FL AIHA-LAP, LLC EMLAP Initial report from: 02/11/ :20:39 For Information on the fungi listed in this report please visit the Resources section at Test Report SPVER Printed: 2/11/ :20:39AM Page 1 of 3

20 EMSL Analytical, Inc Adanson Street, Suite 900 Orlando, FL Phone/Fax: (407) / (407) / orlandolab@emsl.com Order ID: Customer ID: Customer PO: Project ID: TERA72 Pinellas County IAQ Attn: Proj: Nacole Bowersox Terracon Consultants, Inc. 504 E. Tyler St. Tampa, FL H (Pinellas County IAQ) Phone: (813) Fax: (813) Collected: 02/04/2014 Received: 02/06/2014 Analyzed: 02/10/2014 Test Report: Air-O-Cell( ) Analysis of Fungal Spores & Particulates by Optical Microscopy (Methods EMSL 05-TP-003, ASTM D7391) Lab Sample Number: Client Sample ID: Volume (L): Sample Location: ST Exterior ST Room 133 I ST Room 133 C Spore Types Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total Alternaria Ascospores Aspergillus/Penicillium Basidiospores Bipolaris Chaetomium Cladosporium Curvularia Epicoccum Fusarium Ganoderma Myxomycetes Pithomyces Rust Scopulariopsis Stachybotrys Torula Ulocladium Unidentifiable Spores Zygomycetes Nigrospora Pestalotiopsis Total Fungi Hyphal Fragment Insect Fragment Pollen Analyt. Sensitivity 600x Analyt. Sensitivity 300x - 13* * * - Skin Fragments (1-4) Fibrous Particulate (1-4) Background (1-5) Bipolaris++ = Bipolaris/Drechslera/Exserohilum Myxomycetes++ = Myxomycetes/Periconia/Smut No discernable field blank was submitted with this group of samples. Blanca Cortes, Ph.D., Laboratory Manager or Other Approved Signatory High levels of background particulate can obscure spores and other particulates leading to underestimation. Background levels of 5 indicate an overloading of background particulates, prohibiting accurate detection and quantification. Present = Spores detected on overloaded samples. Results are not blank corrected unless otherwise noted. The detection limit is equal to one fungal spore, structure, pollen, fiber particle or insect fragment. "*" Denotes particles found at 300X. "-" Denotes not detected. Due to method stopping rules, raw counts in excess of 100 are extrapolated based on the percentage analyzed. EMSL maintains liability limited to cost of analysis. This report relates only to the samples reported above and may not be reproduced, except in full, without written approval by EMSL. EMSL bears no responsibility for sample collection activities or analytical method limitations. Interpretation and use of test results are the responsibility of the client. Samples received in good condition unless otherwise noted. Samples analyzed by EMSL Analytical, Inc. Orlando, FL AIHA-LAP, LLC EMLAP Initial report from: 02/11/ :20:39 For Information on the fungi listed in this report please visit the Resources section at Test Report SPVER Printed: 2/11/ :20:39AM Page 2 of 3

21 EMSL Analytical, Inc Adanson Street, Suite 900 Orlando, FL Phone/Fax: (407) / (407) / orlandolab@emsl.com Order ID: Customer ID: Customer PO: Project ID: TERA72 Pinellas County IAQ Attn: Proj: Nacole Bowersox Terracon Consultants, Inc. 504 E. Tyler St. Tampa, FL H (Pinellas County IAQ) Phone: (813) Fax: (813) Collected: 02/04/2014 Received: 02/06/2014 Analyzed: 02/10/2014 Test Report: Air-O-Cell( ) Analysis of Fungal Spores & Particulates by Optical Microscopy (Methods EMSL 05-TP-003, ASTM D7391) Lab Sample Number: Client Sample ID: Volume (L): Sample Location: ST Room 133 D ST Room 133 F ST Exterior Spore Types Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total Raw Count Count/m³ % of Total Alternaria Ascospores Aspergillus/Penicillium Basidiospores Bipolaris Chaetomium Cladosporium Curvularia Epicoccum Fusarium Ganoderma Myxomycetes Pithomyces Rust Scopulariopsis Stachybotrys Torula Ulocladium Unidentifiable Spores Zygomycetes Nigrospora Pestalotiopsis Total Fungi Hyphal Fragment Insect Fragment Pollen Analyt. Sensitivity 600x Analyt. Sensitivity 300x - 13* * * - Skin Fragments (1-4) Fibrous Particulate (1-4) Background (1-5) Bipolaris++ = Bipolaris/Drechslera/Exserohilum Myxomycetes++ = Myxomycetes/Periconia/Smut No discernable field blank was submitted with this group of samples. Blanca Cortes, Ph.D., Laboratory Manager or Other Approved Signatory High levels of background particulate can obscure spores and other particulates leading to underestimation. Background levels of 5 indicate an overloading of background particulates, prohibiting accurate detection and quantification. Present = Spores detected on overloaded samples. Results are not blank corrected unless otherwise noted. The detection limit is equal to one fungal spore, structure, pollen, fiber particle or insect fragment. "*" Denotes particles found at 300X. "-" Denotes not detected. Due to method stopping rules, raw counts in excess of 100 are extrapolated based on the percentage analyzed. EMSL maintains liability limited to cost of analysis. This report relates only to the samples reported above and may not be reproduced, except in full, without written approval by EMSL. EMSL bears no responsibility for sample collection activities or analytical method limitations. Interpretation and use of test results are the responsibility of the client. Samples received in good condition unless otherwise noted. Samples analyzed by EMSL Analytical, Inc. Orlando, FL AIHA-LAP, LLC EMLAP Initial report from: 02/11/ :20:39 For Information on the fungi listed in this report please visit the Resources section at Test Report SPVER Printed: 2/11/ :20:39AM Page 3 of 3

22 Attn: Proj: EMSL Analytical, Inc Adanson Street, Suite 900 Orlando, FL Phone/Fax: (407) / (407) / orlandolab@emsl.com Nacole Bowersox Terracon Consultants, Inc. 504 E. Tyler St. Tampa, FL H (Pinellas County IAQ) Order ID: Customer ID: Customer PO: Project ID: Phone: (813) Fax: (813) Collected: 02/04/2014 Received: 02/06/2014 Analyzed: 02/10/ TERA72 Pinellas County IAQ Test Report: Microscopic Examination of Fungal Spores, Fungal Structures, Hyphae, and Other Particulates from Tape Samples (EMSL Method: M041) Lab Sample Number: Client Sample ID: Sample Location: TS-01 AHU1 Fan Blades TS-02 Room 121 BCNOP Under Carpet TS-03 Room 133 F Carpet TS-04 Room 133 D Door Dummy Dummy Spore Types Category Category Category Category - Agrocybe/Coprinus Alternaria Ascospores Aspergillus/Penicillium Low - - *High* - Basidiospores Bipolaris Chaetomium Cladosporium Medium Curvularia Epicoccum Fusarium Ganoderma Myxomycetes Paecilomyces Rust Scopulariopsis - *High* Stachybotrys Torula Ulocladium Unidentifiable Spores Zygomycetes Fibrous Particulate Hyphal Fragment Low - High - - Insect Fragment Pollen Category: Count/per area analyzed Rare: 1 to 10 Low: 11 to 100 Medium: 101 to 1000 High: >1000 Bipolaris++ = Bipolaris/Dreschlera/Exserohilum Myxomycetes++ = Myxomycetes/Periconia/Smut * = Sample contains fruiting structures and/or hyphae associated with the spores. Blanca Cortes, Ph.D., Laboratory Manager No discernable field blank was submitted with this group of samples. or Other Approved Signatory EMSL maintains liability limited to cost of analysis. This report relates only to the samples reported above and may not be reproduced, except in full, without written approval by EMSL. EMSL bears no responsibility for sample collection activities or analytical method limitations. Interpretation of the data contained in this report is the responsibility of the client. "-" denotes not detected. Samples received in good condition unless otherwise noted. Samples analyzed by EMSL Analytical, Inc. Orlando, FL AIHA-LAP, LLC--EMLAP Accredited # Initial report from: 02/11/ :20:39 For Information on the fungi listed in this report please visit the Resources section at Test Report DEVER Printed: 2/11/ :20:39AM Page 1 of 1

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25 Appendix B Photographs

26 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H Photo #1 Room 121 BCNOP Photo #2 Room 121 BCNOP: Rusted supply air vent Photo #3 Room 121 BCNOP: Visible fungal growth under carpet square Photo #4 Room 121 QLDR Photo #5 Room 121 QLDR: Visible fungal growth on stored furniture Photo #6 Room 121 QLDR: Visible fungal growth on the vinyl cove base

27 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H Photo #7 Room 121 QLDR: Visible fungal growth on equipment Photo #8 Room 121 QLDR: Concrete moisture slab testing in progress Photo #9 Area 133: Visible fungal growth on wood paneling walls Photo #10 Area 133: Visible fungal growth on doors Photo #11 Area 133: Visible fungal growth on binders Photo #12 Area 133: Stained carpeting

28 Young Rainey STAR Center Areas 121 & 133 Largo, Florida March 3, 2014 Terracon Project H Photo #13 Area 133: Visible fungal growth on leather case Photo #14 Area 133: Water leaking from refrigerator Photo #15 Area 133: Obstructed supply air vent Photo #16 Area 133: Visible fungal growth on hanging pictures Photo #17 Area 133: Visible fungal growth on carpeting Photo #18 AHU 1: Visible fungal growth on fan blades, blower and other interior components

29 Appendix C Certifications

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31 Appendix D Building Drawing

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