Annex XIII. Application of the bottomup multicriteria methodology in eight European River Basin District. The Tide-Elbe RBD

Transcription

1 12 th July 2018 Annex XIII Application of the bottomup multicriteria methodology in eight European River Basin District The Tide-Elbe RBD Task A3 of the BLUE 2 project Study on EU integrated policy assessment for the freshwater and marine environment, on the economic benefits of EU water policy and on the costs of its nonimplementation By: Bianca Baur Jochen Stroebel In collaboration with

2 Disclaimer: The arguments expressed in this report are solely those of the authors, and do not reflect the opinion of any other party. The report should be cited as follows: Baur and Stroebel (2018). Annex XIII. Application of the bottom-up multicriteria methodology in eight European River Basin Districts The Tide- Elbe RBD. Deliverable to Task A3 of the BLUE 2 project Study on EU integrated policy assessment for the freshwater and marine environment, on the economic benefits of EU water policy and on the costs of its non- implementation. Report to DG ENV. Client: Directorate-General for the Environment of the European Commission. It was not possible to apply the methodology to the Elbe RBD. The information that is currently available on the planned water measures in the RBD is not detailed enough to carry out the analysis. Annex XIII provide an overview of the available information from the RBD Ramboll Group A/S Hannemanns Allé 53 DK-2300 Copenhagen S Denmark Tel: Fax: Institute for European Environmental Policy London Office 11 Belgrave Road IEEP Offices, Floor 3 London, SW1V 1RB Tel: +44 (0) Fax: +44 (0) Brussels Office Rue Joseph II 36-38, 1000 Bruxelles Tel: +32 (0) Fax: +32 (0)

3 Table of Contents Table of Contents... 3 Preface Description of the Elbe River Basin District The Second River Basin Management Plan (RBMP) and the related Programme of Measure (PoM) The measures included in the BAU level of effort Description of the measures included in the BAU level of effort... 16

4 List of Tables Table 1 Land use in the River basin Elbe (CORINE Land Cover 2012)... 7 Table 2 Characterisation of the River Basin District Elbe (German Part)... 9 Table 3 Most important measures and estimated related costs (FGG Elbe 2015) Table 4 Measures in RBD Elbe Schleswig-Holstein Table 5 Measures in the BAU level of effort List of Figures Figure 1 Overview of the BLUE2 study... 5 Figure 2 Number of measures related to surface water (FGG Elbe 2015)... 8 Figure 3 Elbe River Basin District... 10

5 Preface This annex report is one product of the Study on European Union (EU) integrated policy assessment for the freshwater and marine environment, on the economic benefits of EU water policy and on the costs of its non-implementation (BLUE2) commissioned by the European Commission (EC). The overall aim of the BLUE2 study is to support the Commission in building up its analytical capacity and understanding of the economics and effectiveness of the EU water acquis. BLUE2 is comprised of two parts, as shown in Figure 1: Figure 1 Overview of the BLUE2 study The overall objective of Part A of BLUE2 is to increase the understanding of the full (economic) value that water, and water services generate and how water resources contribute to economic development and citizens' well-being. The findings of BLUE2 will further assist in quantifying how the EU water acquis contributes to this value generation, using the most appropriate valuation techniques. The overall objective of Part B of BLUE2 is to develop a method for the integrated socioeconomic assessment of policies affecting the quality of the freshwater and marine environment, to be applied in connection with the water and marine modelling framework held by the Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC). The method and accompanying tools will be used to support policy development. In particular, Part B aims to establish an EU pressures inventory and measures database. Additionally, Part B will increase the understanding of the cost-effectiveness of measures and the benefits arising from a reduction of pressures on the freshwater and marine environment through the application of two online modelling tools. A Scenario Generation Tool for defining and generating policy scenarios for JRC modelling and an Evaluation Tool for cost-benefit assessment of the created scenarios. Task A3 of BLUE2 developed a bottom-up multicriteria methodology to compare costs and benefits of water policy at the River Basin District level. This annex summarises the results of the application of the methodology developed in Task A3 to the Tide-Elbe RBD.

6 1 Description of the Elbe River Basin District The River Basin Elbe is a mid-european major river. It rises in the Giant Mountains in Czech Republic, flows through Germany and ends into the North Sea. It is shared by a total of four countries, whereby 99% of the river basin is located in Germany (65.5%) and the Czech Republic (33.7%) and less than 1% is located in Austria (0.6%) and Poland (0.2%). The international River Basin Elbe covers a total surface of km 2 and is inhabited by about 25 million people. The Elbe River is divided into three sections (Upper, Middle and Lower Elbe). The total length of the river Elbe from the source up to its mouth in the North Sea amounts to 1.094,3 km and is divided between Germany (66.4%) and Czech Republic (33.6%). The River basin Elbe includes surface waters, groundwater bodies as well as transitional and coastal waters. Important tributaries of the Elbe (in hydrological order) are Vltava, Ohře, Schwarze Elster, Mulde, Saale and Havel. The main tributaries are the Vltava, the Saale and the Havel which occupy more than 51% of the river basins. Major lakes are Müritzsee, Schweriner See, Plauer See, Köpinsee and Schaalsee. To achieve the best possible management of the River Basin Elbe, the territory is divided into 10 coordination areas, which are specified among the hydrological boundaries: The Czech Republic has the primary responsibility for the following five coordination areas: Obere und Mittlere Elbe Obere Moldau (HVL) Berounka (BEL) Untere Moldau Eger und untere Elbe (KOR) Germany also has the primary responsibility for five coordination areas: Mulde - Elbe Schwarze Elster (MES) Saale (SAL) Havel (HAV) Mittlere Elbe/Elde (MEL) Tidal Elbe (TEL). As shown in Table 1, in % of the total catchment area was under agricultural use, forests covered 30.8% and 7.6% of the area were used for buildings (CORINE Land Cover 2012). 6

7 Table 1 Land use in the River basin Elbe (CORINE Land Cover 2012) Land Use Share [%] Densely built-up settlement area 1.2 Loosely built-up settlement area 6.4 Open areas without or very little vegetation 0.4 Arable land 39.7 Permanent crops 0.3 Grassland 17,6 Deciduous and mixed forests 8.7 Coniferous forests 22.1 Wetlands 0.2 Open water areas 1.4 Sea 2.0 River Basin Elbe Germany In Germany the river Elbe has a length of 727 km and is divided into water bodies (including tributaries). In addition to this there are 361 lakes, one water body is defined as transitional water, five water bodies are coastal waters. Of the total of surface water bodies 825 are classified as substantially changed and 748 as artificial. The groundwater is divided into 228 waterbodies. The German area of the River Basin Elbe represents with approximately 18.5 Mio inhabitants a highly urbanized and industrial area. But it is also characterized by agricultural use. The waters are used by shipping, water extraction and leisure activities. Major Pressures With regard to the surface waters the major pressure are diffuse sources, which include in particular nutrients from agricultural use and higher contaminated old sediments prone to remobilisation. The second main pressure results from flow regulations and/or morphological changes followed by point sources. Water abstractions and other pressures are of minor importance. The major pressures for the chemical status of the groundwater are diffuse sources, in particular from agricultural activities. The quantitative status is mainly influenced by water abstractions. State of the surface waters Ecological status 95% of rivers and 80% of lakes do not achieve the objective of good ecological status due to the quality of macrophytes, makrozoobenthos and fish fauna. With reference to the lakes, the reason for the failure to achieve the objective is the quality of phytoplankton and/or macrophytes/phytobenthos. Chemical status None of the waterbodies has reached the objective of good chemical status, because of a general excess of mercury in biota. Equally responsible are aromatic 7

8 polycyclic components (Anthracen, Fluoranthen), brominated diphenyl ethers, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and fluoranthene. State of the groundwater waters Chemical status 45 % of the groundwater bodies of the River Basin Elbe do not reach the objective of good chemical status, mainly provoked by exposure to nitrate as a result of agricultural use. Further important sources for impacts are ammonium and sulphate as well as plant protection products. Quantitative status Nearly all waterbodies reach the objective of good. Six groundwater bodies are characterized as poor quantitative status, one groundwater body of the coordination area Tideelbe is characterized as poor status because of the change in the direction of flow and the resulting saline intrusion. Environmental objectives and strategies The most important transregional strategies are described in the following list: 1. Improvement of water structure and consistency 2. Reduction of significant stresses of nutrients and pollutions 3. Sustainable water management 4. Reduction of mining effects 5. Consideration of climate change The majority of measures taken to improve the status of water bodies relate to morphology (see Figure 22). The financing of measures amounts to almost 1 Billion Euro for the first management period and up to 1.4 Billion Euro for the second management period. Focus areas are wastewater treatment plants and reduction of water contaminations coming from agriculture. Figure 2 Number of measures related to surface water (FGG Elbe 2015) 8

9 Table 2 Characterisation of the River Basin District Elbe (German Part) Name of the RBD Country Germany Population (number of inhabitants) Ca. 18,49 million Total area (km2) Population density (inhabitants/km2) 192,1 Gross Value added (GVA) ( ) 422 Working population (2010) 8,5 million (RBMP, 2015) Total surface of inland waters (km2) Main cities and their population (number of Berlin (3,5 million, Hamburg 1,8 million, Leipzig inhabitants) , Dresden ) Water bodies in high status (%, in terms of surface area, not number) Water bodies in good status (%, in terms of surface area, not number) Water bodies in moderate status (%, in terms of surface area, not number) Water bodies in poor status (%, in terms of surface area, not number) Water bodies in bad status (%, in terms of surface area, not number) Name of the main Protected Areas, their size (ha) and their main biota(s) Percentage of agricultural surface out of total river basin surface (%) Comment: Such differentiated data is not available for the Elbe. The RBMP 2015 contains the following information: With reference to the total length about 95 % of the water bodies categorised as running waters and about 82 % of the water bodies characterised as lakes do not achieve a good ecological potential or the good ecological status. Comment: The RBMP contains a list of 36 pages with Natura 2000 areas. A list of the main areas, their size and their main biota may be added in the appendix. 57,6 % 9

10 Figure 3 Elbe River Basin District 10

11 2 The Second River Basin Management Plan (RBMP) and the related Programme of Measure (PoM) The Second River Basin Management Plan (RBMP) and the related Programme of Measure (PoM) cover the period from 2016 to The essential measures refer to the DPSIR approach. Significant stresses are punctual or diffuse material inputs, material inputs from contaminated sites, material inputs via air pathway, excessive abstractions of water as well as hydro-morphological changes. The measures can be differentiated into two groups: the basic measures for the implementation of general water regulations and the additional measures which are necessary in case of transregional loads. A transregional orientation of the programme of measures is for Improvement of water structure and consistency Reduction of significant material inputs Sustainable management of water quantity Minimization of consequences of mining activities Climate change. Approximately 3 % or in total 674 of the measures proposed in the First RBMP have not been realised. In most cases this was due to the fact that the environmental objectives may be achieved without the proposed measures (e. g. by other measures) or the target has been modified based on a better planning. Most of the measures that have not been realised are hydromorphological measures and measure to reduce point-source inputs. A major reason for the adjustment of hydromorphological measures are the river development concepts which offer the possibility for an integral planning and impact assessment. 1. Surface Water For the second period of the RBMP 27,400 measures are planned. 7,000 of them date back to the first RBMP, 20,400 are new planned. The reason of the high rate of new planned measures are better possibilities in evaluation of status and situation of pollution. In addition to this, there were new information available concerning the impact of measures. Therefore the implementation of further measures was possible. The focus of planned measures lies on the reduction of pressures due to flow regulation and hydromorphological changes. 2. Ground Water For the second period of the RBMP 628 measures are planned in order to improve the condition of groundwater bodies, focussed on reduction of pressures on the basis of diffuse material inputs (agricultural nutrition and pollutants). Intermittent stresses are a result of mining contaminations, which will be reduced by means of 51 measures to improve the ground water quality. Table 3 Most important measures and estimated related costs (FGG Elbe 2015) Most important measures Estimated costs of measures Construction or upgrades of wastewater treatment plants Mio Reduction of nutrient pollution from agriculture 211 Mio Improvement of longitudinal continuity 110 Mio Improvement of hydromorphological conditions 139 Mio Advisory services for agriculture 13 Mio Research, improvement of knowledge base reducing uncertainty 7 Mio Evaluation of available Data As Germany is a federal state, the availability of data concerning the RBD Elbe is very heterogeneous. In total the RBD Elbe crosses the territory of 10 german federal states. As any state is self - responsible for the implementation of WFD the availability of data is very different, especially in terms of calculation of costs. But it is agreed, that a calculation of benefits is not possible at the current moment. During the process to get detailed data concerning the RBD Elbe, several problems were identified: 11

12 very large district, more than measures allocated in 10 federal states difficulties to get detailed data the German federalism: the availability and the level of detail is very different from one federate state to another there is no uniform documentation of measures and costs in the required level of detail which is a great problem because the RBD Elbe takes part of ten German federal states concerning the costs, it s quite difficult to get any detailed information, because the several Management plans only contain general information In consultation with FGG Elbe the following KTMs were mentioned as the most relevant KTMs in German area of RBD Elbe: KTM 2 Reduce nutrient pollution from agriculture KTM 5 Improving longitudinal continuity (e.g. establishing fish passes, demolishing old dams). KTM 6 Improving hydromorphological conditions of water bodies other than longitudinal continuity (e.g. river restoration, improvement of riparian areas, removal of hard embankments, reconnecting rivers to floodplains, improvement of hydromorphological condition of transitional waters, etc.). KTM 17 Measures to reduce sediment from soil erosion and surface run-off As the management plan / program of measures of the German federate state Schleswig-Holstein offers a detailed management plan, program of measures and potentially cost benefit analysis, it this federate state is chosen as an example case. The RBMP and PoM of Schleswig-Holstein present a detailed list of all measures which are planned in the RBD Elbe. The following table presents the results of the analysis of PoM RBD Elbe / Schleswig-Holstein and gives an overview of all KTMs. Table 4 Measures in RBD Elbe Schleswig-Holstein KTM KTM description quantity 6 Improving hydromorphological conditions of water bodies other than longitudinal continuity Improving longitudinal continuity (e.g. establishing fish passes, demolishing old dams) Measures to prevent or control the input of pollution from urban areas, transport and built infrastructure Reduce nutrient pollution from agriculture Construction or upgrades of wastewater treatment plants Measures to prevent or control the adverse impacts of fishing and other exploitation/removal of animal and plants Drinking water protection measures Research, improvement of knowledge base reducing uncertainty Measures to prevent or control the adverse impacts of other sources like industrial waste water including cooling activities for thermal and nuclear plants 5 40 Measures to prevent or control the adverse impacts of other human activities 4 7 Improvements in flow regime and/or establishment of ecological flows In Germany all KTM are further divided into additional groups of measures which are defined by the German Working Group LAWA. The aims of LAWA are detailed discussion of water management and legislation in order to provide solutions and recommendations for their implementation. To gain a deeper insight view into planned measures in Schleswig Holstein a meeting at MELUR (Ministry of Energy, Agriculture, the Environment, Nature and Digitalization) Schleswig Holstein was at 9 th March Matters of discussions were the possibilities of getting information concerning the following points: Choice of relevant measures Code / Name of the measure Related KTM Location Addressed water body Main objectives Overall budget 12

13 Addressed pressures List of expected outcomes Expected life time Brief description of the measure Benefits? Results of discussion (9 th of March 2018): Implementation of WFD in Schleswig-Holstein takes place with the help of 33 work groups in 33 working districts Main pressures in Schleswig-Holstein: structural modifications, nutrient input Main measures in Schleswig Holstein: KTM 2: reduce nutrient pollution from agriculture KTM 5: Improving longitudinal continuity KTM 6: Improving hydromorphological conditions of waterbodies KTM 1: Construction or upgrades of wastewater treatment plants the drawing up of an interim balance report is currently in progress, but the results are not available at this stage the latest available interim balance report is from 2012 and contains the following informations: number of waterbodies and measures classification of water bodies state of implementation project examples with detailed information costs per KTM, status of implementation all measures are gathered in a database, which contains detailed information (some examples are given in chapter 3) the differentiation in BAU and HI Level is identified as very complicated and not possible in the stipulated way, this could be an issue to discuss during the workshop the same holds true for the benefit of measures and the outcomes concerning the outcomes there will be results in the interim balance report, which is not finished at the current moment Up to a certain point relevant data concerning measures in the RBD Elbe Schleswig- Holstein are available, as far as it concerns the measure itself, its location and its costs. Statements concerning benefit and result of measures are not possible at the current moment as the duration of measures is not finished yet. Among the statements of experts, it is really difficult or not possible to formulate the results of measures in form of tables and numbers. The direct conclusion between measure and output is hardly possible because of the high number of influences. Timetable and contacts: meeting at MLUR Schleswig-Holstein to discuss measures, costs and benefits contact Mrs. Hursie, FGG Elbe contact Mrs. Andresen. MLUR Schleswig-Holstein contact MLUR Schleswig-Holstein, Mr. Trepel, Mr. Ahne, Mrs. Andresen mail LLUR Schleswig-Holstein, Jürgen Schrey telco JCR mail MLUR Schleswig-Holstein, Brandenburg Skype meeting Andrew Daniela Task A3 table sent to Daniela and Andrew Contact FGG Elbe Anhang M table proposed measures, Memo sent to Daniela and Andrew 13

14 contact Mrs. Hursie FGG Elbe Conference in Essen/Germany River Basin Management contact Mrs. Hursie contact Mrs. Hursie report Elbe FGG 14

15 3 The measures included in the BAU level of effort After consultation with several experts of national authorities and FGG Elbe a differentiation between BAU and HI-Level is not possible or reasonable in the required format at the current moment. So the following tables concern three examples of measures without differentiation between BAU and HI. Table 5 Measures in the BAU level of effort Code (1 st number: KTM; 2 nd number: basic measure 2; 41 5; 69 6;70 6;72 6;73 6;77 Name of the Individual basic measure Measures to reduce nutrient inputs into groundwater due to leaching in the agricultural sector Altered habitats due to morphological changes (includes connectivity) Measures to improve habitats by initiating/ allowing inherent dynamic water body development Measures to improve habitats in water bodies through changes in watercourse or bank or bed design Habitat improvement Location Schleswig - Holstein Schleswig - Holstein Schleswig - Holstein Schleswig - Holstein Does the measure target a river, a lake or groundwater? groundwater river river river measures in bank areas Schleswig - Holstein river Measures to improve bed load balance and/or sediment management Schleswig - Holstein river 15

16 4 Description of the measures included in the BAU level of effort Code of the measure. Name of the measure Related KTM: 2 Location: Germany, Schleswig Holstein Addressed water body: Treene (RBD Elbe) / Waterbody Ei14 Eider Treene Geest Main objectives: reduce nutrition inputs into groundwater Overall budget: Addressed pressures: diffuse sources / agriculture List of expected outcomes: reducement of chemicals in groundwater Expected life time: Brief description of the measure: Management of artificial fertilizers Other relevant information: Related KTM: 2 Location: Germany, Schleswig Holstein Addressed water body: Baltic Schwentine / Waterbody ST11 Schwentine middle reaches Main objectives: reduce nutrition inputs into groundwater Overall budget: Addressed pressures: diffuse sources / agriculture List of expected outcomes: reducement of chemicals in groundwater Expected life time: Brief description of the measure: Management of artificial fertilizers Other relevant information: Related KTM: 2 Location: Germany, Schleswig Holstein Addressed water body: Eckernförder Bucht Waterbody STO5 Dänischer Wohl östl. Hügelland Main objectives: reduce nutrition inputs into groundwater Overall budget: Addressed pressures: diffuse sources / agriculture List of expected outcomes: reducement of chemicals in groundwater Expected life time: Brief description of the measure: Management of artificial fertilizers Other relevant information: Related KTM: 5 Location: Germany, Schleswig Holstein Addressed water body: Brokstedter AU / Waterbody BK_03: Wegebek Main objectives: improvement of linear continuity Overall budget: Euro Addressed pressures: Discharge regulation and morphological changes: Continuity List of expected outcomes: Expected life time: Brief description of the measure: Measures to establish/improve linear continuity in weirs/barrages, cascades, conduits and other hydraulic structures in accordance with DIN 4048 and/or 9700 Part 13 Other relevant information: 16

17 Related KTM: 5 Location: Germany, Schleswig Holstein Addressed water body: ost_05_e: Stör_OL Main objectives: improvement of linear continuity Overall budget: Euro Addressed pressures: Discharge regulation and morphological changes: Continuity List of expected outcomes: Expected life time: Brief description of the measure: Measures to establish/improve linear continuity in weirs/barrages, cascades, conduits and other hydraulic structures in accordance with DIN 4048 and/or 9700 Part 13 Other relevant information: Related KTM: 6 Location: Germany, Schleswig Holstein Addressed water body: Pinnau / Waterbody pi_15 Wedeler Au Main objectives: improve habitat Overall budget: Addressed pressures: Discharge regulation and morphological changes: Morphology List of expected outcomes: initiation of river banks and Expected life time: Brief description of the measure: Measures to improve habitats by initiating/ allowing inherent dynamic water body development (LAWA 70), delete waterway construction Other relevant information: Related KTM: 6 Location: Germany, Schleswig Holstein Addressed water body: Wehrau/ Haaler Au Waterbody: we_14: Reher Au/ Haalerau OL Main objectives: improve habitat Overall budget: Euro Addressed pressures: Discharge regulation and morphological changes: Morphology List of expected outcomes: Expected life time: Brief description of the measure: Measures to improve habitats in water bodies through changes in watercourse or bank or bed design (LAWA 72) Other relevant information: 17