Protocols to Reduce Remediation Costs Using Ultra-High Resolution Site Characterization

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2 Protocols to Reduce Remediation Costs Using Ultra-High Resolution Site Characterization Dr. Todd Halihan Professor of Geology, Oklahoma State University Chief Technical Officer, Aestus, LLC

3 Site Characterization: 1st Question DNAPL on Bedding Plane 1. Is there a problem that needs to be fixed?

4 Site Characterization: 2 nd Question Porous Media Fractured Media Karst Media 2. There is a problem! What is total volume to remediate?

5 HRSC / UHRSC (better answer to 2 nd Question) 1. High Data Density 2. Precision Land Surveying Optimal 3. Data Management Required 4. 3D Visualization Optimal HRSC (via direct push) Sediment 1D data Direct Push ~Lab on Stick UHRSC (Aestus GeoTrax Survey ) Sediment and bedrock 2D data Surface Application Scan before Drill

6 ROM Costs to Answering Both Questions Veterinarian (2019): Cost Magnitude 1. Patient history, blood test and physical exam: $ : Dog swallowed what? Do scan: $1K 10 3: Surgery to fix problem: $10K 100 Environmental Professional (2019): 1. Phase I/II, chem analysis and few borings: $10K 1 2: 3D contaminant distribution? Do UHRSC scan: $100K 10 3: Remediation to fix problem: $1MM 100

7 Fundamental problem <10,000 data points does not adequately characterize a site with a $1MM+ remediation issue (LeBlanc et al. 1991; Sudicky et al. 1983) Using HRSC or UHRSC only after an initial failed remediation is like vet scanning after failed surgery (ineffective approach at best)

8 Secondary problem >10K data points requires the following for adequate evaluation: 1. Data management 2. Highly accurate geospatial metadata 3. 3D visualization 4. Rigorous data QC Simple karst site in Missouri with unknown epikarst surface and vertical pathways Thinking about data management/visualization after an initial failed characterization is ineffective approach at best

9 Protocols for UHRSC (Aestus GeoTrax CSM+ ) 1. Put historical data in 3D 2. Scan site (Aestus GeoTrax Survey ) 3. Biopsy site via targeted drilling 4. Integrate/Synthesize data 5. Make decisions effectively (business & technical)

10 Why UHRSC Scanning Works: NAPL Resistive Film NAPL creates an insulating layer with sufficient saturation which leads to the resistive signal without requiring significant mass Map View Cross Sections Halihan et al., 2017

11 Fuel as a Conductor - Visible MNA bluetechblog.com/2010/06/15/make-electricity-notsludge/ Image courtesy of Dr. Estella Atekwana

12 Reduce Remediation Costs: 3 Case Studies 1. Shorten remediation TIME Oklahoma Municipal Well 2. Reduce remediation VOLUME Michigan Sediments Site 3. Demonstrate MNA Arkansas Pipeline Leak

13 1. Reduce Time: Municipal Supply Well Fix 1200 well in dolomite fractured karst Free diesel (LNAPL) at 100 BGS Remediated in under 2 years, all wells non-detect work with Greystone Env. and Layne Christensen

14 Diesel Tanks and Deep Municipal Supply Well 1. Put historical data in 3D

15 2. Scan site via UHRSC

16 3. Biopsy site via targeted drilling

17 Municipal Supply Well Impact A-06 A-05 A-08 A-03 A-02 A-01 A-04

18 Integrated Data Sets: Horizontal Spill Extent Greystone (2016)

19 Data Integration/Synthesis to CSM

20 2. Reduce Volume: Sediments Site Impacts to porous media beach Upland and sediments impacts Reduced volume, resulted in ~$4MM remediation savings work with CH2MHill, now Jacobs

21 Interpolated GeoTrax Survey Data Depth Slice ~5 ft bgs (~577 ft amsl) Integrated GeoTrax Survey scans TarGOST data GW model Geologic model Preferential Flow path seen in GeoTrax Survey data Legend NAPL Extent Sheet Pile Wall Excavation Area

22 3. Demonstrate MNA: Pipeline Spill Pipeline Break and Repair Free product in silt under gravel Demonstrated MNA work with Pastor, Behling & Wheeler, LLC, now Golder

23 Integrated: GeoTrax Survey Scans Drilling samples Fluid samples DNA samples Hydraulic testing Geologic Model

24 Protocols for Remediation Cost Reduction 1. HRSC and UHRSC tools enable more efficient remediation 2. Investment question different than initial characterization 3. Costs higher compared to standard characterization 4. Investment of 10% or less of many remediation options 5. Need associated surveying, data management, and visualization 6. Time, Volume, or MNA savings

25 Questions? No dogs were harmed in the production of this talk Todd Halihan