Building Green. The Next Time Around. Raymond Johnson PE, LEED AP

Transcription

1 Building Green The Next Time Around Raymond Johnson PE, LEED AP

2 RADNOR TOWNSHIP SCHOOL DISTRICT Our Introduction to Green Buildings

3 Research Orientation of Building Windows and Doors Low VOC Products Flooring Systems Acoustical Considerations Stormwater Management Traffic Flow Indoor Air Quality Life Cycle Costing Luminaires & Lamps And More

4 RADNOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 200

5 RADNOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

6 Radnor LESSONS Elementary LEARNED School EXHAUST YOURSELF IN RESEARCH ENGAGE KNOWLEDGEABLE DESIGN TEAM USE LEED AS A BAROMETER LISTEN TO The AND Next INVOLVE Time Around CONSTITUENTS EDUCATE SCHOOL BOARD AND COMMUNITY LEADERS

7 What is LEED? LEED which stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is a voluntary national standard for developing high-performance sustainable buildings. The system was developed by the U.S Green Building Council, a building industry coalition, to define common metrics for green building. LEED Rating System is a point based rating system that awards points in the following categories: Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy & Atmosphere Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation & Design Process

8 LEED Certification Levels LEVEL POINTS Certified Silver Gold 39-5 Platinum Started at 4 points in Schematic Design Currently at 35 points in Final Design Possible additional 9 points

9 Radnor Middle School LEED Status Credit Category Total LEED Points Total RMS Points Points in Question Sustainable Sites 4 6 Water Efficiency 5 2 Energy & Atmosphere Materials & Resources 3 6 Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation in Design 5 3 Totals RMS currently on track for Silver Certification Level

10 LEED PROCESS Charette Preliminary design Cost estimate Cost / Benefit Review Implementation Documentation Indoor Environmental Quality Possible Points 5 Y? N Certified 26 to 32 points Silver 33 to 38 points Gold 39 to 5 points Platinum Total Project Score Sustainable Sites Possible Points 4 Y? N Y 0 Prereq Erosion & Sedimentation Control Credit Site Selection Credit 2 Urban Redevelopment Brownfield Redevelopment Credit 3 Alternative Transportation, Public Transportation Access Credit 4. Alternative Transportation, Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms Credit 4.2 Credit 4.3 Alternative Transportation, Alternative Fuel Refueling Stations Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity Credit 4.4 Reduced Site Disturbance, Protect or Restore Open Space Credit 5. Reduced Site Disturbance, Development Footprint Credit 5.2 Stormwater Management, Rate and Quantity Credit 6. Stormwater Management, Treatment Credit 6.2 Landscape & Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands, Non-Roof Credit 7. Landscape & Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands, Ro o f Credit 7.2 Light Pollution Reduction Credit 8 Water Efficiency 3 Possible Points 5 Y? N Water Efficient Landscaping, Reduce by 50% Credit. Water Efficient Landscaping, No Potable Use or No Irrigation Credit.2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies Credit 2 Water Use Reduction, 20% Reduction Credit 3. Water Use Reduction, 30% Reduction Credit 3.2 Energy & Atmosphere 4 2 Possible Points 7 Y? N Y Fundamental Building Systems Commissioning 0 Prereq Minimum Energy Performance Y Prereq 2 0 CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment Y Prereq 3 0 Optimize Energy Performance, 20% New / 0% Existing 2 Credit. 2 Optimize Energy Performance, 30% New / 20% Existing Possible Points Performance, 40% New / 30% Existing 69 2 Credit.2 2 Optimize Energy 2 Credit.3 2 um 52 or more points Optimize Energy Performance, 50% New / 40% Existing 2 Credit Materials 2 & Resources Credit.5 Performance, Possible 60% New Points / 50% Existing 3 Optimize Energy 2 Y? N Renewable Energy, 5% Credit 2. Y Prereq Storage & Credit Collection 2.2 Renewable of Recyclables Energy, 0% 0 Credit. Building Reuse, Credit 2.3M Renewable aintain 75% of Energy, Existing 20% Shell Credit.2 Building Credit 3 Reuse, M Additional aintain 00% Commissioning of Existing Shell Credit.3 Building Credit 4 Ozone Depletion Reuse, M aintain 00% Shell & 50% Non-Shell Credit 2. Credit 5 Measurem ent & Verification Construction Waste Management, Divert 50% Credit 6 Green Pow er Credit 2.2 Construction Waste Management, Divert 75% Credit 3. Resource Reuse, Specify 5% Credit 3.2 Resource Reuse, Specify 0% Credit 4. Recycled Content, Specify 25% Credit 4.2 Recycled Content, Specify 50% Credit 5. Local/Regional Materials, 20% M anufactured Locally Credit 5.2 Local/Regional Materials, of 20% Above, 50% Harvested Locally Credit 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials Credit 7 Certified Wood Y Prereq Minimum IAQ Performance 0 Y Prereq 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control 0 Credit Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Monitoring Credit 2 Increase Ventilation Effectiveness Credit 3. Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction Credit 3.2 Construction IAQ Management Plan, Before Occupancy Credit 4. Low-Emitting Materials, Adhesives & Sealants Credit 4.2 Low-Emitting Materials, P aints Credit 4.3 Low-Emitting Materials, Carpet Credit 4.4 Low-Emitting Materials, Composite Wood Credit 5 Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control Credit 6. Controllability of Systems, Perimeter Credit 6.2 Controllability of Systems, Non-Perimeter Credit 7. Thermal Comfort, Comply with ASHRAE Credit 7.2 Thermal Comfort, Permanent M onitoring System Credit 8. Daylight & Views, Daylight 75% of Spaces Credit 8.2 Daylight & Views, Views for 90% of Spaces Innovation & Design Process Possible Points 5 Y? N Credit. Innovation in Design: Green Building Demonstration Credit.2 Innovation in Design: Exceedance Credit.3 Innovation in Design: Blended Cement Credit.4 Innovation in Design: Education/curriculum Credit 2 LEED Accredited Professional

11 Five Key Areas of Concern Building Envelope Design Thermal Comfort Indoor Air Quality Lighting Acoustics

12 Exterior Wall Detail R-Values: Exterior Air Film Brick, 72% solid.9.75 inch air space Insulation Block withkorfil In-core Insulation 2.86 Interior Air Film 0.68 Total R-Value 7.87 R-value of exterior wall required by ASHRAE

13 Radnor Roof Plan Area Percentages of Systems: High Emissivity Asphalt Shingles 34% Vegetated Roof 20% SBS Modified Roof System (with no high emissivity coating) 46% Total High Emissivity Roof 54%

14 Indoor Air Quality at RMS Indoor Air Quality management plans Construction and post-construction Thermal comfort and air exchange will meet, or exceed, the ASHRAE standards. Materials containing low to no volatile organic compounds (VOC s) Reduce/eliminate off-gassing Increased ventilation at key rooms (copy areas, etc.) Individual control of environment Operable windows and thermostat control

15 Lighting at RMS Classroom wing oriented East- West Classrooms face North-South, maximizing natural light Daylight modeling by consultant Both North and South facing classrooms Window glazing will Maximize natural light penetration Minimize heat gain from the sun Illumination can be controlled by teacher Maximizes natural light penetrating classroom Saves electricity Bulbs will provide full spectrum light Closer to natural light

16 Radnor Windows: Lighting & Building Envelope Argon Gas Filled Insulated Units Values: Visible Light Transmittance 72% Winter Nighttime U-Factor 0.29 Summer Daytime U-Factor 0.29 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient 0.4 Low-E Coating on Second Surface

17 Acoustics at RMS Acoustics at Radnor Elementary independently tested by project team Acoustics at RMS will meet and exceed Will comply with the American Disabilities Act ANSI/ASA S dba Classrooms acoustically modeled by consultant Classroom finishes will enhance acoustics Carpet eliminates scraping noise of chairs on vct flooring Ceiling tile will have high noise reduction coefficient (NRC) rating HVAC noise will be minimal Heat pump closets will be lined with acoustical insulation Ducts will be lined where necessary to eliminate noise Pass through noise between rooms will be minimal Wall materials will have sufficient to superior NRC ratings

18 Objectives Maximize Life Cycle Value Reduce Reduce Energy Costs ASHRAE 90. is the minimum standard React to utility rates Reduce Reduce Maintenance Costs Evaluate during design phase Simplify equipment and system

19 U.S. Department of Energy- Building Life Cycle Costing Building Energy Technology 990 % Design Maintenance Construction Utilities

20 Energy Savings Alternatives Lighting High Efficiency lamps Dimming and Occupancy sensors Central Plant Modular Boilers (90%+) Variable Frequency Drive Chillers Energy Recovery Units Variable Speed Drives All pumping over 0hp Building Management System

21 NEW TECHNOLOGIES HVAC FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS Displacement Ventilation Raised Floor Distribution Thermal Mass Electrical Energy On Site Generation Combined Heat & Power Emergency Generation Peak Shaving

22 Design Considerations HVAC Systems For Classrooms ACOUSTICS HEAT PUMPS Goal: 35DBA or less (ANSI S2.60) Process heating / cooling load for room Use Elementary School as baseline Individual thermostatic control Located in accessible closet VENTILATION (Outdoor Air) CARBON DIOXIDE SENSORS 5 CFM per person Monitors levels in each classroom High efficiency air filters on intakes Sends alarm if setpoint is exceeded Heat recovery extracts energy OCCUPIED from exhaust / air UNOCCUPIED MODE Dehumidification Ventilation system shuts down when school is unoccupied Ventilation Room temperatures system independent set back when unoccupied from Morning heat pump warm-up system (Usually hr before occupancy)

23 HVAC Systems Geothermal heat pumps WSHP Boiler/Tower Chiller/Boiler/Tower (4pipe) Rooftop/DX/Gas Heat

24 LIFE CYCLE COMPARISON 30 YEARS System New installations Net Present Value Cost First Cost Energy Cost Maint. Cost Useful Life Geothermal HP Best Highest Lowest Lowest Best WSHP Boiler/Tower 2 nd Best 2 nd lowest 2 nd Lowest 2 nd Lowest 3 rd Best 4 PIPE 3 rd Best Highest 3 rd Lowest Highest 2 nd Best ROOFTOP DX/GAS HEAT Worst Lowest Highest 3 rd Lowest Worst

25 Displacement Ventilation Geothermal H Heat Pump T w/ Hot Gas H Reheat Humidity & Temperature control Typical Classroom Neptune Community School

26 Radnor Classroom

27 HEAT PUMP ONE PER CLASSROOM Sound-Proof Lining OLD DESIGN Unit Ventilator

28 Public Schools and Geothermal HVAC Lowest Life Cycle cost Systems operating since 940 s Reduced Mechanical Room space Site limitations

29 DIRECT / INDIRECT LIGHTING FIXTURES Uses ceiling as reflector Eliminates glare MULTIPLE FIXTURE SWITCHING Allows teacher to control and adjust light levels OCCUPANCY SENSORS Shuts down lighting in unoccupied spaces DAYLIGHTING CONTROLS Design Considerations Lighting Systems For Classrooms Taking advantage of natural sunlight by reducing electric lighting levels via dimming ballast or switching arrangements.

30 Lighting Systems Electrical Energy.86 WATTS/SF FOR CLASSROOMS.0 WATT/SF OVERALL BLDG. Behavioral And Performance HESCHONG MAHONE STUDY FOR PG&E Maintenance ONLY 3 LAMP TYPES TO STOCK FOR ENTIRE BLDG.

31 COMBINATION DIRECT/INDIRECT FIXTURE TONY S DRAWING LIGHT SHELF

32 Value of Quality Lighting. CREATE BALANCED BRIGHTNESS Light levels throughout the classroom should not differ greatly from the light level on the desks. Large variations in brightness will cause distraction and fatigue DAYLIGHTING Students with daylight in their classrooms perform 20% to 25% better on reading and math tests Students in classrooms with larger window areas progress up to 20% faster than their counterparts in rooms with smaller window areas. Reference: for the study

33 Additional Features ELECTRIC K-RATED METER TRANSFORMERS RECORDING Clean power for computers, electronic equipment Real time energy usage data Trending PHASE LOSS track PROTECTION daily/weekly/monthly Cuts power if Utility usageloses phase Actual Sends peak alarm demand to data BMS Prevents 3-phase electric equipment from meltdown BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PREMIUM (BMS) EFFICIENCY MOTORS Tied Highest to central efficiency computer for can all electric motors communicate with other facilities BMS GREEN systemsrefrigerant Schedules Ozone occupied/unoccupied friendly refrigerants in all HVAC equipment modes, temperatures Tracks NON-FIBERGLASS equipment data, room INSULATION data Remote Closed access cell foam through pipe internet insulation Sends Reflectix alarms foil backed duct insulation Expandable

34 WATER CONSERVATION Waterless urinals 300,000 gallons saved Metering faucets 00,000 gallons saved Rainwater Collection No Cooling Tower 300,000 gallons saved

35 Middle School Cost Analysis Bids received $40,686,060 Total Building size is approximately 95,000 square feet. Building cost is about $209 per square foot.

36 Why Design to Green Building Standards Utility Rebates for Energy Efficiency Improvement in Student Performance Reduced Operating Costs Healthier Buildings Better Daily Attendance Reduced Liability Exposure Enhanced Indoor/Outdoor Environmental Impact Incorporates Best Building Technologies

37 Recommendations Full Commissioning Independent Life Cycle Analysis Thorough operator training Ongoing verification of operability and efficiency Operations data sharing and analysis Avoid proprietary systems

38 Questions and Answers Raymond Johnson PE, LEED AP