Sustainable Communities and Societal Challanges. Prof. dr. eng. Ion Visa

Transcription

1 Sustainable Communities and Societal Challanges Prof. dr. eng. Ion Visa

2 History: 1997 First time the concept mentioned in SUA (Pres. Clinton) - Bearable societal changes - Equitable Socio-economic processes - Viable transformations, not affecting the environment Sustainable Progress

3 The Common ground : Energy - Sustainable Development (inter- and trans-disciplinary approach) Humanity Top 10 Problems (Smalley, MIT Enterprise Forum, 2003) 1. Energy 6. Terrorism and War 2. Water 7. Disease 3. Food 8. Education 4. Environment 9. Democracy 5. Poverty 10. Population Sustainable Development in Engineering: SUSTAINABLE ENERGY - Energy efficiency - Renewable energy systems The Path: Sustainable Development

4 What is Sustainable Energy? Fossil fuel Traditional industrial progress: Products Performance High Energy & Material Input Fossil fuel depletion Greenhouse gases Present: a transition concept Sustainable Energy Systems Future industrial progress: -Competitive products -Low Energy & Material input; Renewable energy sources

5 Innovation is the key for implementing Sustainable Energy! Academia Novel concepts Konowedge providing: Education&Training Knowledge development: RTD Knowledge transfer: RTD Knowledge implementation: High-Tech Production Novel products EU Directive (2009/28/CE) asking for an EU average of : 20% renewable energies increase 20% reduction in greenhouse gases emissions 20% improvement in energy efficiency by 2020 Industry Directive 2012/27/EU on EE, providing support for reaching the 20% increase in EE by 2020 and more ambitious targets by 2050.

6 Innovation is the key for implementing Sustainable Energy! EU Commissionaire for R&D: Maire Goeghegan Quinn Academia Novel concepts Novel products Industry Integrated Priority: Energy Water - Food

7 Strategic Objective(s) - Smart growth develop an economy based on knowledge and innovation (implementing the Innovation Union flagship initiative). - Sustainable growth promote a more resource efficient, greener and more competitive economy. - Inclusive growth foster a high-employment economy delivering economic, social and territorial cohesion The Europe 2020 R&D target: 3 % of GDP Current: 2.01 % of GDP (EU-27, 2009) Romania (currently): 0.87% GDP

8 4 Priorities: - Part I: Priority 'Excellent Science' - Part II: Priority 'Industrial Leadership' - Part III: Priority 'Societal Challenges' - Part IV: Non-nuclear direct actions of the Joint Research Centre

9 Part III: Priority 'Societal Challenges' Objectives: O1: improving the lifelong health and wellbeing; O2: securing sufficient supplies of safe and high quality food and other bio-based products, by developing productive and resource-efficient primary production systems, fostering related ecosystem services, along side competitive and low carbon supply chains; O3: making the transition to a reliable, sustainable and competitive energy system, in the face of increasing resource scarcity, increasing energy needs and climate change; O4: achieving a European transport system that is resource-efficient, environmentally-friendly, safe and seamless for the benefit of citizens, the economy and society; O5: achieving a resource-efficient and climate change resilient economy and a sustainable supply of raw materials, in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet's natural resources; O6: fostering inclusive, innovative and secure European societies in a context of unprecedented transformations and growing global interdependencies.

10 Actions: Part III: Priority 'Societal Challenges' 3. SECURE, CLEAN AND EFFICIENT ENERGY 3.1. Reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint through smart and sustainable usage Bring to mass market technologies and services for a smart and efficient energy use Unlock the potential of efficient and renewable heating-cooling systems Foster European Smart cities and Communities 3.2. Low-cost, low-carbon electricity supply Develop the full potential of wind energy Develop efficient, reliable and cost-competitive solar energy systems (PV, CSP) Develop competitive and environmentally safe technologies for CO2 capture, transport and storage Develop geothermal, hydro, marine and other renewable energy options 3.3. Alternative fuels and mobile energy sources 3.4. A single, smart European electricity grid 3.5. New knowledge and technologies 3.6. Robust decision making and public engagement 3.7. Market uptake of energy innovation, empowering markets and consumers

11 Actions Part III: Priority 'Societal Challenges' 4. SMART, GREEN AND INTEGRATED TRANSPORT 5. CLIMATE ACTION, RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AND RAW MATERIALS 5.1. Fighting and adapting to climate change 5.2. Sustainably managing natural resources and ecosystems 5.3. Ensuring the sustainable supply of non-energy and non-agricultural raw materials 5.4. Enabling the transition towards a green economy through eco-innovation 6. INCLUSIVE, INNOVATIVE AND SECURE SOCIETIES Performance indicators : 1. Publications in peer-reviewed high impact journals in the area of the different Societal Challenges Target: 20 publications/10m EUR 2. Patent applications in the area of the different Societal Challenges Target: 2 patent applications/10m EUR 3. Number of Union pieces of legislation referring to activities supported in the area of the different Societal Challenges Target: 1 /10M EUR

12 Innovation is the key for implementing Sustainable Energy? The European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan, COM(2007)723 final) - The SET Plan Conference in Dublin (7-8 May 2013) Clean, Efficient, Low carbon Technologies Based on the experience gained since the SET Plan was launched, the EU and Members States strategies tend to coagulate in two different approaches: (1) Electrical energy production large RES facilities with smart grid connected solutions (solar PV, concentrated solar-power, off sore wind, tides, etc.); (2) Thermal energy needs on-site production ranging from building up to district levels. Smart Solutions Novel Products Intelligent use of resources

13 Innovation is the key for implementing Sustainable Energy? The European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan, COM(2007)723 final) - The SET Plan Conference in Dublin (7-8 May 2013) EU covers: 40% of the World Energy Consumption 7% of the World Energy Production! German Targets by 2050: To cut the EU dependence on imports and to increase security: - 50% reduction of the primary energy consumption (ref. 2008) Energy Efficiency Era - 80% of the Electric energy from RES % regduction in GHG (ref Energy Efficiency and RES 1990) RES Era Energy efficient products: e.g. the2l/km car (German Ministry of Economy)

14 Who implements Sustainable Energy? II. Implementors (Industry) 1. Human resources 2. Infrastructure Education: Professionals RTD results: high-tech products, sustainable technologies Training Demad for: - Novel products - Sustainable technologies I. Knowledge (Academia) 1. Human resources 2. Infrastructure Demand for acceptable solutions: - Feasible - Performant - Sustainable Training Strategic planning Awarenwss III. Market (End-users) 1. Human resources 2. Infrastructure

15 How? Example of good practice Transilvania University of Brasov The Strategy RTD Institute of the Transilvania University The Frame RTD Centre: Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling One path

16 R&D Potential Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling High Tech Products for Automotives Advanced Mecatronic Systems Virtual Industrial Informatics Technologies and Robotics Advanced Manufacturing Technologies and Systems Mathematic Modelling and Software Products Cultural Innovation and Creativity Theoretic and Applied Linguistics Economic Research Communication and Social Innovation Advanced Electrical Systems Systems for Process Control Life Quality and Human Performance Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Systems Sustainable Development Education, Culture, Communication, Economic Development Juridical Research for Sustainable Development Health and Life Quality Embedded Systems and Advanced Communications Advanced Technologies and Materials Ceramics, Metals, and MMC Composites Energy Saving Natural Resources Conservation and Use Research and Design for Constructions and Installations Advanced Eco-Welding Technologies Innovative Technologies and Advanced Wood Products Furniture Eco-Design, Restoration and Certification in Wood Industry Sustainable Forestry and Wildlife Management Forest Engineering, Forest Management and Terrestrial Measurements Eco-Biotehnologies and Equipments in Food and Agriculture Fundamental Research and Prevention Strategies in Medicine Positive Psychology and Education for Sustainable Communities Applied Medicine and Interventional Strategies in Medical Practice Music Science Excellence in Music Perormiance

17 Energy efficiency and RES in the Built Environment The Concept: advanced energy independence 0 or + Energy buildings Smart buildings Passive houses Low energy buildings Traditional buildings

18 The Concept: advanced energy independence Alaska, SUA 0 Energy 0 or + Energy buildings Smart buildings Passive houses Low energy buildings Traditional buildings Melbourne, Australia Smart Building Passiv House, Elvetia

19 Case Study 1: The R&D Centre: Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling Increasing the Conversion Efficiency of Renewable Energy Systems Implemented in the Built Enviornmment Clean Energy in the Built Environment The Solar House 10 kwp fixed PV platform ST Flat modules 10 kw Heat Pump 1.5 kwp Tracked PV platform

20 Case Study 1: The R&D Centre: Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling Efficient solar energy conversion Solar Tracking Systems Concentrating Systems Architectural integration of PV and Solar Thermal Systems Colina Campus

21 Case Study 1: The R&D Centre: Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling Energy efficiency in buildings + Built integrated renewables Energy mixes for low energy buildings Designed according to the renewables local potential Education for sustainable energy: B.SC. (Engineering of Renewable Energy Systems) M.Sc. (Sustainable Product Design Engineering) Ph.D. LLL The Solar House, Colina Campus

22 Sustainable Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewables in the Built Environment The Concept: advanced energy independence 50+, 0 or + Energy buildings Smart buildings Passive houses Low energy buildings Traditional buildings Sustainable Development Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Systems Sustainable Energy

23 Sustainable Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewables in the Built Environment 1. Reducing energy consumption/needs passive solar design low consumers (lighting, computing, etc.) using low temperature heating (floor, walls, celling) using light tubes 2. Increasing the fuels conversion efficiency effcient burners efficient power suppliers 3. Cutting losses building insulation heat recovery (recirculation, condesation) monitoring&optimizing energy consumtion 4. Implementing renewable energy systems evaluating the renewable energy sources potential evaluating the average and peak energy needs designing the energy mix fesibility studies to establish the % of renewables 5. Urban and architectural acceptance

24 Sustainable Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewables in the Built Environment Steps in designing the energy mix: 1. Evaluating the energy needs Analysis of the alternatives for increasing the energy efficiency 2. Evaluating the renewables energy potential Selecting the renewable energy systems 3. Design the energy mix Hybrid and/or co-generation systems, including traditional and novel solutions 4. Optimising the energy mix based on feasibility studies Evaluating the % of energy obtained from renewables Case Study 2: The R&D Institute of the Transilvania University of Brasov

25 Case Study 2: The R&D Institute of the University

26 Case Study: The R&D Institute of the Transilvania University of Brasov

27 Case Study: The R&D Institute of the Transilvania University of Brasov The R&D Institute of the Transilvania University of Brasov 12 Low energy buildings : - Passive solar design (S-orientation, light tubes) - Renewable Energy Systems (solar-thermal, PV, heat pumps) - Monitoring energy consumption - Green IT systems - Smart grid systems

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29 RTD Centre Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling

30 RTD Centre Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling 1 st cycle 1. Industrial Design 2. Product Design Engineering 3. Engineering of RES B.Sc. (4 years) 4. Environment Engineering 5. Wastes Engineering B.Sc. (4 years) Research: Sustainable Energy Systems 2nd cycle Sustainable Product Design and Environment M.Sc. (2 years) Adults Training: Renewable Energy Systems and Environment Management: LLL, in-service training 3rd cycle Increasing the Efficiency of the Solar Energy Conversion Systems 25 Ph.D. prgrammes Product development from second raw materials 5 Ph.D. programmes Faculty: Product Design and Environment

31 Evaluating the energy needs for heating in transient seasons (autumn, spring) Comparative experimental analysis of the alternatives for increasing the energy efficiency Experimental setup : Laboratory buildings: - floor and ceilling heating (gas) using temperate concete - controlled S- glazing (lowe in/out) - advanced insulation Experimental methodology: The heating regime was tested on 2 laboratory buildings, by fixing the lower/upper temperature limits: - Laboratory Building 7 - Lower Temperature Limit: 19 o C - Upper Temperature Limit: 21 o C - Laboratory Building L11 - Lower Temperature Limit: 17 o C - Upper Temperature Limit: 21 o C

32 [ C] Indoor T[oC] L7 Indoor T[oC] L11 Outdoor T[0C] (meteo station) Solar Radiation intensity 47 [W/mp] Outdoor temperature variations up to 30 o C result in indoor T variations of 4 2 o C: Thermal buffering effect 2. The heating needs for 8 days: - L11: 112 m 3 gas in the building buffered over 4 o C ( ) o C; - L7 : 47 m 3 gas in the building buffered over 2 o C ( ) o C.

33 Evaluating the renewables energy potential [kwh/m2 / luna] 178 MPE [%] Ian. Feb. Mar. Apr. Mai Iun. Iul. Aug. Sep. Oct. NoI. Dec. En_GH_Brasov_real ( kwh/m2/an) En_GH_Bv_Meteonorm (1270 kwh/m2/an) Average monthly values for the solar radiation obtained from in field meteo data (Solis) and generated using Meteonorm software Selecting the renewable energy systems heat pump + solar thermal systems

34 RTD Centre Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling Mechanical Systems in Intelligent Products for Sustainability Renewable Energy Systems Tracking mechanism with two paralel linear actuators for PV strings; Patent request no. A/00710 / Tracking systems for PV platforms Patent no B

35 RTD Centre Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling Mechanical Systems in Intelligent Products for Sustainability Renewable Energy Systems Tracking mechanism for a PV string; Patent request no. A/00310 / 2012 (a) (b) Bi-axial tracking system for PV platforms (a): pseudo-equatorial; (b) azimuthal Patent no. B Tracking linkage mechanism for PV with low concentrating systems Patent request no: A/01001 / 2010

36 RTD Centre Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling Mechanical Systems in Intelligent Products for Sustainability Renewable Energy Systems Tracking cam-mechanism for solar-thermal trough collectors Bi-axial pseudo-equatorial tracking mechanism for PV platform

37 Integrating Solar-thermal Systems in the Built environment One option: Solar Thermal Facades PROs CONs 1. Large surfaces, mostly un-used 1. Large geometrical variety 2. Supporting new architectural concepts 2. Rather limited architectural 3. Allows on-site energy supply variety 4. Avoids overheating during summer 3. Require specific solutions for built integration (vertical installment) Supports 50+ or low energy buildings Novel solutions are required Effect of the inclination angle on the monthly sun radiation available on an inclined (45 o ) and vertical (90 o ) S-oriented surface in Graz, Source: W.Weiss, I. Bergmann, AEE-Intec., 2008

38 RTD Centre Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling Built Integrated Renewables in Facades

39 Case Study: The R&D Institute of the Transilvania University of Brasov EST IN URBA project (ANCS, contract no. 28/2012) Flexible Design

40 Case Study: The R&D Institute of the Transilvania University of Brasov EST IN URBA project (ANCS, contract no. 28/2012) Flexible Design Flexible architectural solutions

41 Flexible Design Flexible architectural solutions Combined PV+ST facades

42 Brasov historical city

43 Brasov City Center

44 Touristic Brasov

45 National and International Visibility International Federation for the Science of Machines and Mechanisms IFTOMM The Technical Committee: Sustainable Energy Systems

46 National and International Visibility CSE: Conference for Sustainable Energy: 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014 SYROM: International Sympsium for the Machine and Mechanisms Science, 2013 the 11th edition The Romanian Academy for Technical Scienecs CONFERENCE The ASTR Days - Ediţia a 8-a Products and Technologies for Sustainable Development Braşov, 4 5 Octombrie 2013