Manufacturing. Edoardo Croci IEFE, Università Bocconi geo green economy observatory. Milano, Assolombarda Auditorium - 20 November 2014

Transcription

1 I International Conference on Sustainability in Manufacturing Edoardo Croci IEFE, Università Bocconi geo green economy observatory Milano, Assolombarda Auditorium - 20 November 2014

2 Relationship between the economy and the environment Causes of unsustainable development: Extraction of non renewable reources Immission of non absorbable pollutants in the environment Reduction of the capacity of the environment to provide ecosystem services Remedies pass through a correct economic valuation of the environment. Source: OECD (2011)

3 Elements of a strategy for a Green Economy after Rio +20 To measure damages to and services provided by the environment through appropriate economic methodologies and indicators (beyond the GDP) To decouple economic growth by environmental impacts (increase resource efficiency) To use market instruments to internalize externalities, so that prices fully reflect scarcity of natural resources providing the right signals to producers and consumers (Green Fiscal Reform)

4 Resource Efficiency Resource efficiency is about ensuring that natural resources are produced, processed, and consumed in a more sustainable way, reducing the environmental impact from the consumption and production of products over their full life cycles. By producing more wellbeing with less material consumption, resource efficiency enhances the means to meet human needs while respecting the ecological carrying capacity of the Earth. Source: UNEP (2012)

5 Resource Efficiency in European policies In 2010 the European Commission launched 7 Flagship Initiatives in the framework of the 2020 European Strategy, among which the Flagship Initiative for a Resource-efficient Europe. Maingoals: boost economic performance while reducing resource use; identify and create new opportunities for economic growth and greater innovation and boost the EU's competitiveness; ensure security of supply of essential resources; fight against climate change and limit the environmental impacts of resource use. 2 roadmaps to implement the Flagship Initiative for a Resource-efficient Europe: Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe 2020 targets R d f i t C titi L C b E Roadmap for moving to a Competitive Low-Carbon Economy 2050 targets

6 Decoupling Relative Decoupling: Both economic performance and resource use grow, but the resource use is growing at a lower rate than the economy. Resource productivity increases. Absolute Decoupling: Economic growth is achieved, while resource use is falling in absolute terms. Source: UNEP (2011)

7 Global Decoupling ( ) Source: our elaboration on IEA, OECD, IMF and World Bank data (2014)

8 Decoupling trends: Production based CO2 emissions vs GDP (OECD Coutries to ) 2010) Source: OECD (2014)

9 Decoupling trends: Demand based CO2 emissions vs GDP (OECD Coutries ) 2009) Source: OECD (2014)

10 Decoupling trends: Non energy DMC vs. GDP (OECD Coutries 1990/92 to 2008/10) Source: OECD (2014)

11 Main productivity indicators for Europe ( ) Source: European Commission (2014)

12 Primary energy consumption intensity in UE-27 in tep/m 2005 ( ) Source: ENEA elaboration on Economic Development Ministry and ISTAT, 2013

13 Source: EEA (2014) on Eurostat data CO 2 /VA of EU Member States (thousands tonnes CO 2 per EUR 1 million VA, 2008)

14 Source: European Commission (2014) Resource productivity (GDP/DMC) in Europe (2011)

15 Source: European Commission (2013) Material resource productivity by economic sector in UE-27 ( )

16 Source: European Commission (2014) Water productivity (GDP generated per m 3 of abstracted water) in Europe (2007)

17 Source: Enea (2013) Final energy intensity for industry in Italy =100 ( )

18 Source: European Commission (2013) Resource Efficiency indicators for business

19 Main determinants of resourceefficiency Eco-innovation (R&D and patents relevant for green growth as dynamic efficiency drive) Cost of energy and raw materials (scarcity indicator) Tax Structure (GFR to orientate the economy towords an optimal use of resources, keeping into account externalities)

20 Edoardo Croci IEFE Università Bocconi Geo green economy observatory