4.3 Water, Air, and Land Resources

Transcription

1 4.3 Water, Air, and Land Resources

2 Water 1. Water covers nearly 71% of Earth s surface (mostly salt water) 2. Oceans are important a)currents regulate and moderate Earth s Climate (weather) b)water cycle c) Habitat for marine organisms 3. Less than 1% is fresh water (reserve) a)needed by humans for drinking, cooking, bathing, and growing food

3 Fresh water pollution 1. Types of water pollution, a) Point source pollution, pollution that comes from a known and specific location.

4 Fresh water pollution

5 Fresh water pollution b)nonpoint source pollution, is pollution that does not have a specific point of origin. i. Runoff, water that flows over land rather than seeping into the ground 1. Oil from streets 2. Wash sediments from construction sites 3. Pesticides off farm fields and lawns 4. Water filtering through piles of waste rock from coal mines can carry sulfuric acid into rivers and lakes killing fish and other aquatic life

6 Freshwater Questions 1. Which of the two types of water pollutions is easier to control? Which is harder? 2. Using the table (page 109), a)which types of water pollution cause cancers? b)why is animal manure a type of pollution? c) What is the effect of sediments in water? d)what is the source of bacteria or viruses in water? What are the effects? Could it be prevented? e) What type of water pollution is caused from household cleaners? How does it affect the environment?

7 Air

8 Air 1. The chemical composition of the atmosphere, nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and other gases, helps to maintain life on Earth. a)oxygen is necessary for most life on Earth b)carbon cycle, is needed to provide vital nutrients to living things c) The Ozone (O 3 ) layer shields Earth from 95% of harmful solar radiation. d)greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, are needed to warm Earth up for life.

9 Pollution in the Air 1. Pollution changes the chemical composition of the atmosphere that disrupts natural cycles and functions a)burning of fossil fuels (combustion) from cars, coal and oil-burning power plants i. Cars- release carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxide (NO), soot and other pollutants to form smog ii. Power plants- release sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides to create acid precipitation (acid rain )

10 Pollution in the Air b) Causes health problems Coughing Wheezing Headaches Lung, eye, and throat irritations Long-term: asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer EPA: as many as 200,000 deaths each year with outdoor pollution.

11 Air Pollution Questions 1. Air pollution can change the chemical compositions of the atmosphere and disrupt natural cycles. List 3 examples. 2. How has the burning of fossil fuels contributed to global warming? 3. How are chlorofluorocarbons used? 4. Why is the ozone important? What is the ozone made up of? Without the ozone layer, what kind of health problems would increase?

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13 Global Warming 1. Global warming a)could lead to enormous changes in Earth s environment i. Melting of glaciers causing a rise in sea levels and flooding in coastal areas ii. Drought (not enough water) iii. Famine (not enough food can be grown) iv. Species extinction (plants and animals) v. Cost of living will increase exponentially

14 Land Resources

15 Land Resources 1.Earth s land provides soil and forests, as well as mineral and energy. Soil is needed to grow food Forests provide lumber to build homes, wood for furniture, pulp for paper Petroleum provides energy and plastics Metals can be used to make coins, wire, cars

16 Land Resources

17 Land Resources 2. Damage to Land resources a)mines cause Tearing up of Earth s surface Destruction of vegetation Soil erosion Create pollution that contaminates surrounding soil and water Destroys ecosystems

18 Land Resources b)agriculture (farming) Extensive irrigation, allows for farming in dry areas; heavy pumping from groundwater is using up the water; salinization, a build-up of salts in soil, water evaporates leaving behind the salt, the soil becomes useless for plant growth.

19 Land Resources c)deforestation Trees are needed for paper and lumber clear-cutting, removal of all trees in an area Soil erosion Destroys ecosystems and habitats

20 Land Resources d)disposal site Landfills and other waste facilities Old landfills can leak harmful wastes into soil and underground water sources

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