Optimization of composting parameters for the production of organic fertilizers from different organic waste materials

Transcription

1 Optimization of composting parameters for the production of organic fertilizers from different organic waste materials MSc. Safwat Hemidat ATHENS th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, June 2017, Athens, Greece, UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN

2 Outline Problem statement Background _Jordan Objectives Composting process of different organic materials Recommendations UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 2

3 Problem statement Problem statement Legal Financial Management Technical Lack of laws and regulations 90% for logistic and Absence of local 10% for treatment standards and landfilling Absence of monitoring systems Landfilling of waste without treatment 2-5% recyclable materials recovery Lack of local know-how Undetermined local conditions Failure of sorting and composting facilities UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 3

4 Background- Jordan - Study area description - Jordan is home to 7.3 million inhabitants in a surface area covering around km 2 Part of Jordan Al-Ghabawi landfill site was selected to carry out this study Composting pilot plant location (Al-Ghabawi landfill site) UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 4

5 Background- Jordan - Facts & Figures % of the total municipal budget spent for solid waste management. Average daily waste generation per capita in Jordan is 0.9 kg/day. Quantities of MSW generated in Jordan : 6570 ton/day = 2,400,000 ton/year. More than 98% of the wastes generated in Jordan are deposited in different standard landfill without any treatment. No value of waste. 98 % Landfill 2 % Final sorting UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 5

6 Objectives The main objective of this research was to provide a complete environmentally sound, affordable and financially waste management sustainable solution (treatment and disposal) for Jordan cities during adapting the technical requirements to the local condition UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 6

7 Composting of organic materials - Methodology - Daily in-situ measurements Temperature, moisture content, CO2, O2 & ph Receiving of clean organic waste Inspection/ removing unwanted materials Pre-processing (sorting, mixing and windrow piling) Waste composting 8-12 weeks Post-processing (final screening) Finished compost products sampling for laboratory analysis DM, ph, C:N, EC, AT4, particle size, nutrients & heavy metals UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 7

8 Composting of organic materials - Overview UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 8

9 Composting of organic materials - Composting input material UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 9

10 - Temperature profiles Ambient Temp. Pile Temp Ambient Temp. Pile Temp. Temperature ( C) Temperature ( C) (R1) (R2) Temperature ( C) Ambient Temp. Pile Temp. Temperature ( C) Ambient Temp. Pile Temp. (R3) (R4) UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 10

11 - Moisture Content profiles - R1 R2 R3 R UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 11

12 - C/N ratio profiles - C/N Ratio Time (week) Run1 Run2 Run3 Run4 50 C/N Ratio Reduction % R1 R2 R3 R4 Run No. R1 R2 R3 R UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 12

13 - Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide profiles- Volume % Oxygen (v/v) Carbon dioxide (v/v) Volume % Oxygen (v/v) Carbon dioxide (v/v) (R1) (R2) Volume % Oxygen (v/v) Carbon dioxide (v/v) Volume % Oxygen (v/v) Carbon dioxide (v/v) (R3) (R4) UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 13

14 - ph profiles R1 8 7 ph Run1 Run2 Run3 R2 3 Run Time (week) R3 R UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 14

15 - Pile volume and bulk density reduction during composting UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 15

16 - Pile water consumption during composting UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 16

17 - Nutrients content during composting wt/wt% UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 17

18 - Electrical Conducttivity (EC) ds/m UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 18

19 - Organic matter UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 19

20 - AT4 analysis - Rotting class AT4 (mg Classification Product description O2/g DM) of the samples tested I >40 0 % Compost raw materials II % Fresh compost III % Fresh compost IV % Finished compost V <6 25 % Finished compost UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 20

21 - Heavy metals analysis UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 21

22 - Heavy metals analysis UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 22

23 Conclusions Results of the experiment showed that composting of animal manure with plant residues, vegetables residues and bulking agent (sawdust) was carried out successfully under optimized conditions. Monitoring and control of the composting parameters is one of the most effective tools in the production of stable organic fertilizers. One conclusion is that the source separation, combined with effective composting process parameters, are regarded as the most effective and promising method for production of high grade compost. Another deduction is that the periodic mechanical turning using windrow method improves the gaseous exchange within the windrow piles, speeds up the decomposition rate, maintains uniform homogeneity, and hence minimises gaseous losses (especially ammonia). Overall, results showed that the source-separated organic waste approach proved to be efficient for the compost produced by this pilot project and holds the potential for a wider application UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 23

24 Recommendations National laws and regulations in terms of organic waste collection, transfer and treatment, as well as standard values for defining compost quality for agricultural use, should be determined and enforced in Jordan. Public awareness campaigns for the use of composted organic waste products should be conducted UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 24

25 Thank you for your attention! Contact: MSc. Safwat Hemidat +49 (0) UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK FAKULTÄT AGRAR- UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN 25