Shepway District Council Annual Status Report 2016 Bureau Veritas

Transcription

1 Annual Status Report 2016 Bureau Veritas September 2016

2 Document Control Sheet Issue/Revision Issue 1 Issue 2 Remarks DRAFT FINAL Date September 2016 September 2016 Submitted to Wai Tse Wai Tse Prepared by Signature Approved by Signature Fang Lin Assistant Consultant Jamie Clayton Senior Consultant Fang Lin Assistant Consultant Jamie Clayton Senior Consultant Project number Disclaimer This Report was completed by Bureau Veritas on the basis of a defined programme of work and terms and conditions agreed with the Client. Bureau Veritas confirms that in preparing this Report it has exercised all reasonable skill and care taking into account the project objectives, the agreed scope of works, prevailing site conditions and the degree of manpower and resources allocated to the project. Bureau Veritas accepts no responsibility to any parties whatsoever, following the issue of the Report, for any matters arising outside the agreed scope of the works. This Report is issued in confidence to the Client and Bureau Veritas has no responsibility to any third parties to whom this Report may be circulated, in part or in full, and any such parties rely on the contents of the report solely at their own risk. Unless specifically assigned or transferred within the terms of the agreement, the consultant asserts and retains all Copyright, and other Intellectual Property Rights, in and over the Report and its contents. Any questions or matters arising from this Report should be addressed in the first instance to the report author.

3 2016 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management September 2016 LAQM Annual Status Report 2016

4 Local Authority Officer Department Address Wai Tse Environmental Health Telephone Report Reference number Civic Centre, Castle Hill Avenue, Folkestone, Kent, CT20 2QY Shepway_ASR Date September 2016 LAQM Annual Status Report 2016

5 Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas 1,2. The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around 16 billion 3. The Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) system, as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act 1995, places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where exceedances are considered likely, the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Action Plan setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. The district of Shepway is situated in Kent on the Channel coast, approximately 75 miles from London. It occupies a key strategic position on the M20 as a gateway to continental Europe with the high speed Rail Link, the Channel Tunnel and Lydd Airport all within its boundary. The district has an area of 140 square miles (35,700 hectares) and boasts a rich variety of attractive landscape. More than 33% of the district falls within the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and there are at least 15 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). Shepway is home to almost 100,000 people, the majority of which reside in the Folkestone urban area, with the remainder residing in Hythe, New Romney and rural areas within the district. The main source of air pollution in the district is road traffic emissions from major roads, notably the M20, A20, A259, A260 and A2034. Other pollution sources, including commercial, industrial and domestic sources, also make a contribution to 1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013 LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 i

6 background pollutant concentrations. There are no Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) in the district. No exceedences of the annual mean objective for NO 2 have been recorded in Shepway at any time. In 2015, the majority of monitoring sites recorded a decrease in the annual mean NO 2 concentration compared to The highest annual mean NO 2 concentration in 2015 was recorded at Blackbull Road with the annual mean concentration of 28.6μg/m 3 well below the AQS objective of 40μg/m 3. Actions to Improve Air Quality There are no designated AQMAs within the Council area therefore the Council has not produced any Air Quality Action Plans (AQAPs), as such the council has not published any specific measures related to control and mitigation of sources of local air quality issues. However, the Council has been taking measures to improve the air quality. In 2014, the Council successfully installed four electrical fast charging points within four council car parks in the district. All four of these charging points are now in use. The Council also provides public cycle parking in Folkestone, Hythe and New Romney, as well as some other locations. Figure 0.1 Example of an Electric Charging Point LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 ii

7 Local Priorities and Challenges As the road traffic emission is the main source of air pollution within Shepway District Council, the local priorities and challenges for improving air quality are: In conjunction with the County Council investigate the scope for the introduction of traffic management initiatives where appropriate, including lorry management and traffic speed control; Seek the development of a sustainable transport system, reducing the overall need to travel, especially by private motor car; Provide an integrated transport network to facilitate the efficient movement of pedestrian and vehicular traffic, goods and services within the District; To improve accessibility to key services and facilities and to direct development to sustainable locations in order to achieve sustainable development; and Seek to limit the quantity of traffic on the District s roads by encouraging effective public transport, cycling and walking and by the careful integration of residential areas, shopping and recreational facilities and the workplace. Figure 0.2 Cycle Parking on Oxford Terrace (plus Motorcycle Parking) LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 iii

8 How to Get Involved Due to the main source of air pollution within being from transport sources, the easiest way for the public to get involved with helping improving air quality within the area would be to look at alternatives to the way they usually travel. The following are suggested alternatives to private travel that would contribute to improving the air quality within the District: Use public transport where available This reduces the number of private vehicles in operation reducing pollutant concentration through the number of vehicles and reducing congestion; Walk or cycle if your journey allows From choosing to walk or cycle for your journey the number of vehicles is reduced and also there is the added benefit of keeping fit and healthy; Car/lift sharing Where a number of individuals are making similar journeys, such as travelling to work or to school car sharing reduces the number of vehicles on the road and therefore the amount of emissions being released. This can be promoted via travel plans through the workplace and within schools; and Alternative fuel / more efficient vehicles Choosing a vehicle that meets the specific needs of the owner, fully electric, hybrid fuel and more fuel efficient cars are available and all have different levels benefits by reducing the amount of emissions being released. LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 iv

9 Table of Contents Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area... i Air Quality in... i Actions to Improve Air Quality... ii Local Priorities and Challenges... iii How to Get Involved... iv 1 Local Air Quality Management Actions to Improve Air Quality Air Quality Management Areas Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Shepway District Council PM 2.5 Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance Summary of Monitoring Undertaken Automatic Monitoring Sites Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Individual Pollutants Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 )... 6 Appendix A: Monitoring Results... 8 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England Glossary of Terms References List of Tables Table 2.1 Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality... 3 List of Figures Figure 1 - Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites... 7 LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 v

10 Figure D. 1 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Romney Figure D. 2 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Hawkinge Figure D. 3 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Hythe Figure D. 4 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Coldharbour House Figure D. 5 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Newingreen Figure D. 6 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Stanford Figure D. 7 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Folkestone Central Figure D. 8 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Horn Street Figure D. 9 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Folkestone M LAQM Annual Status Report 2016 vi

11 1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in during It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by to improve air quality and any progress that has been made. The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E. LAQM Annual Status Report

12 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. currently does not have any declared AQMAs. 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in has taken forward a number of measures during the current reporting year of 2015 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of the measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.1. s priorities for the coming year are: To promote choice in means of transport through opportunities for walking and cycling and improved public transport; and to reduce congestion, pollution and greenhouse gases resulting from private car use. Ensure that new development is well related to the existing and proposed transport network especially public transport services. LAQM Annual Status Report

13 Table 2.1 Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality Measure No. Measure EU Category EU Classification Lead Authority Planning Phase Implementation Phase Key Performance Indicator Target Pollution Reduction in the AQMA Progress to Date Estimated Completion Date Comments 1 Installed four electrical fast chaging points within four Shepway owned car parks. Promoting Low Emission Transport Procuring alternative Refuelling infrastructure to promote Low Emission Vehicles, EV recharging, Gas fuel recharging Shepway District Council Done 2014 Number of vehicles using the charging points N/A Currently in use Ongoing 2 Quality bus partnership Transport Planning and Infrastructur e Public transport improvementsinterchanges stations and services Shepway District Council/Kent County Council/ Stagecoach Done Reduction in Traffic Congestion N/A Ongoing Ongoing Increase in the number of clearways LAQM Annual Status Report

14 2.3 PM 2.5 Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM 2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM 2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases. The Public Health Outcomes Framework indicator for the fraction of deaths attributable to PM 2.5 in is 5.1%, which is below national average of 5.3%. does not currently undertake any monitoring of PM 10 or PM 2.5, and consequently there are currently no specific measures in place to address PM 2.5 concentrations within. LAQM.TG16 Table A.1 Action Toolbox provides a list of measures that can be implemented to tackle PM 2.5. will review these actions with the County Council Public Health Team in 2016 to consider whether any specific actions are required. LAQM Annual Status Report

15 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken Automatic Monitoring Sites This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives. The Council have not undertaken any automatic air quality monitoring in the district since LAQM Annual Status Report

16 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO 2 at 12 sites during Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites. Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) and bias adjustment for the diffusion tubes are included in Appendix C. 3.2 Individual Pollutants The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are adjusted for bias. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Table A.2 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO 2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m 3. For diffusion tubes, the full 2015 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B. Data capture for 2015 was 75% or greater at all sites and so considered good, consequently no sites required short to long term adjustment (annualisation). Results for year 2015 have been bias adjusted using a national bias adjustment factor of Full details of the bias adjustment and QA/QC procedure are provided in Appendix C. LAQM Annual Status Report

17 Figure 1 - Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites Figure 1 shows the trend across the diffusion tube monitoring locations in Shepway District Council from 2011 to No exceedences of the annual mean objective for NO 2 have been recorded in Shepway over the past yearsat any location in any year. Peak concentrations can be observed in 2011 and During 2015, the majority of the sites have seen a decrease in the annual mean NO 2 concentration compared to The highest annual mean concentration in 2015 was recorded at DT5 (Blackbull Road) with the annual mean concentration of 28.6μg/m 3 well below the AQS objective of 40μg/m 3. Analysis of UK continuous NO 2 monitoring data has shown that it is unlikely that the hourly mean NO 2 objective, of 18 hourly means over 200μg/m 3, would be exceeded where the annual mean objective is below 60 μg/m 3. All sites are below the 60 μg/m 3 level, therefore, the NO 2 hourly mean AQS objective is expected to be met at all relevant locations. LAQM Annual Status Report

18 Appendix A: Monitoring Results Table A.1 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? DT1 SH01 Cheriton Place, Folkestone Roadside NO 2 N N 3.0 DT2 Cheriton Road, Folkestone Roadside NO 2 N N 2.6 DT3 SH11 Coldharbour Urban House, B2067, Lympne Background NO 2 N N/A N/A N 2.0 DT4 SH09 Stone Street, Urban Stanford North Background NO 2 N N/A N/A N 2.0 DT5 SH13 Blackbull Road, Folkestone Roadside NO 2, N N 3.0 DT6 SH05 Martello Cottages, Hythe Roadside NO 2 N 7 10 N 2.5 DT7 SH14 Wear Bay Road, Folkestone Roadside NO 2 N N 3.5 DT8 SH07 Ashford Road, Newingreen Roadside NO 2 N N 2.6 DT9 SH15 Cherry Garden Avenue, Folkestone Roadside NO 2 N N 2.5 DT10 Martinfield Cottage, Lydd Road, Romney Roadside NO 2 N N 2.5 DT11 Swann Way, Hawkinge Roadside NO 2 N N 3.0 DT12 Horn Street, Hythe Kerbside NO 2 N N 2.0 (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable. Height (m) LAQM Annual Status Report

19 Table A.2 Annual Mean NO 2 Monitoring Results Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture NO 2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m 3 ) (3) 2015 (%) (2) DT1 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100% 100% DT2 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92% 92% DT3 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 92% 92% DT4 Urban background Diffusion Tube 100% 100% DT5 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100% 100% DT6 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100% 100% DT7 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92% 92% DT8 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100% 100% DT9 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100% 100% DT10 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100% 100% DT11 Roadside Diffusion Tube 75% 75% DT12 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 100% 100% a Notes: Exceedances of the NO 2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m 3 are shown in bold. NO 2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m 3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO 2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been annualised as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. a Result was annualised LAQM Annual Status Report

20 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2015 Table B.1 NO 2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results NO 2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m 3 ) Site ID Annual Mean Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Bias Data Adjusted (1) DT DT DT DT DT DT DT DT DT DT DT DT (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment LAQM Annual Status Report

21 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors The diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Environmental Scientifics Group (ESG) Didcot utilising the 50% triethanolamine (TEA) in acetone preparation method. A bias adjustment of 0.79 for the year 2015 (based on 26 studies) has been derived from the national bias adjustment calculator. For previous data, years 2009 to 2014, the bias adjustment factors have been taken from the Council s previous LAQM annual reports. The factors used were 0.81 (2009), 0.85 (2010), 0.84 (2011), 0.84 (2012), 0.80 (2013) and 0.81 (2014). Discussion of Choice of Factor to Use No co-location studies are undertaken in the administrative area, as so therefore the national bias adjustment factor of 0.79 has been used for the 2015 monitoring. The national factor has been used in all previous years for the past LAQM reporting. Short to Long Term Adjustment There were no monitoring sites requiring annualisation in QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring ESG Didcot is a UKAS accredited laboratory and participates in the in the new AIR- PT Scheme (a continuation of the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP)) for NO 2 tube analysis and the Annual Field Inter-Comparison Exercise. These provide strict performance criteria for participating laboratories to meet, thereby ensuring NO 2 concentrations reported are of a high calibre. The laboratory follows the procedures set out in the Harmonisation Practical Guidance. In the latest available results, AIR-PT AR006 (January to February 2015), AIR-PT AR007 (April to May 2015), AIR-PT AR 009 (July to August 2015) and AR010 (October to November 2015) ESG Didcot have scored 100% except AIR-PT AR006 with 87.5%. The percentage score reflects the results deemed to be satisfactory based upon the z- score of < ± 2. Based on 26 studies from ESG Didcot utilising the 50% TEA, 76% of all local Authority co-location studies in 2015 were rated as good (tubes are considered to have "good" precision where the coefficient of variation of duplicate or triplicate diffusion tubes for eight or more periods during the year is less than 20%). LAQM Annual Status Report

22 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations Figure D. 1 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Romney Contains Ordnance Survey Data Crown Copyright and Database Right [2016] Copyright Details if under License Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescot Street London, E1 8HG Location Romney Title Monitoring Sites By FL Not To Date August 2016 Approved JC Job Ref Figure No. D.1 Figure D. 2 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Hawkinge Contains Ordnance Survey Data Crown Copyright and Database Right [2016] Copyright Details if under License Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescot Street London, E1 8HG Location Hawkinge Title Monitoring Sites By FL Not To Date August 2016 Approved JC Job Ref Figure No. D.2 LAQM Annual Status Report

23 Figure D. 3 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Hythe Contains Ordnance Survey Data Crown Copyright and Database Right [2016] Copyright Details if under License Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescot Street London, E1 8HG Location Hythe Title Monitoring Sites By FL Approved JC Job Ref Not To Date August 2016 Figure No. D.3 Figure D. 4 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Coldharbour House Contains Ordnance Survey Data Crown Copyright and Database Right [2016] Copyright Details if under License Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescot Street London, E1 8HG Location Coldharbour House Title Monitoring Sites By FL Not To Date Approved JC Job Ref Figure No. August 2016 D.4 LAQM Annual Status Report

24 Figure D. 5 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Newingreen Contains Ordnance Survey Data Crown Copyright and Database Right [2016] Copyright Details if under License Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescot Street London, E1 8HG Location Newingreen Title Monitoring Sites By FL Not To Date August 2016 Approved JC Job Ref Figure No. D.5 Figure D. 6 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Stanford Contains Ordnance Survey Data Crown Copyright and Database Right [2016] Copyright Details if under License Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescot Street London, E1 8HG Location Stanford Title Monitoring Sites By FL Not To Date August 2016 Approved JC Job Ref Figure No. D.6 LAQM Annual Status Report

25 Figure D. 7 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Folkestone Central Contains Ordnance Survey Data Crown Copyright and Database Right [2016] Copyright Details if under License Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescot Street London, E1 8HG Location Folkestone Central Title Monitoring Sites By FL Not To Date Approved JC Job Ref Figure No. August 2016 D.7 Figure D. 8 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Horn Street Contains Ordnance Survey Data Crown Copyright and Database Right [2016] Copyright Details if under License Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescot Street London, E1 8HG Location Horn Street Title Monitoring Sites By FL Not To Date August 2016 Approved JC Job Ref Figure No. D.8 LAQM Annual Status Report

26 Figure D. 9 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites: Folkestone M20 Contains Ordnance Survey Data Crown Copyright and Database Right [2016] Copyright Details if under License Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescot Street London, E1 8HG Location Folkestone M20 Title Monitoring Sites By FL Not To Date August 2016 Approved JC Job Ref Figure No. D.9 LAQM Annual Status Report

27 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England Table E.1 Air Quality Objectives in England Pollutant Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Air Quality Objective 4 Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m 3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year 1-hour mean 40 µg/m 3 Annual mean 50 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year 24-hour mean 40 µg/m 3 Annual mean 350 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 24 times a year 1-hour mean 125 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year 24-hour mean 266 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year 15-minute mean 4 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m 3 ). LAQM Annual Status Report

28 Glossary of Terms Abbreviation AQAP AQMA ASR Defra DMRB EU FDMS LAQM NO 2 NO x Description Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values Air Quality Management Area An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives Air quality Annual Status Report Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England European Union Filter Dynamics Measurement System Local Air Quality Management Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides PM 10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less PM 2.5 QA/QC SO 2 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less Quality Assurance and Quality Control Sulphur Dioxide LAQM Annual Status Report

29 References Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (2016) Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16). Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (2016) Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(16). (2015) Updating and Screening Assessment. (2013) Core Strategy Local Plan LAQM Annual Status Report