(1-3)Most of the energy that we use comes from Fossil Fuels. Where did the energy originally come from that is in the fossil fuels?

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2 (1-3)Most of the energy that we use comes from Fossil Fuels. Where did the energy originally come from that is in the fossil fuels? Solar energy (Fossil Fuels are the remains of ancient organisms) that changed into coal, oil, or natural gas MYA

3 (4) Advantages of fossil fuel; Can be stored, Reliable & available, versatile- (they can be adapted to many uses):

4 (5) The United States uses more energy per person than any other country except Canada and the United Arab Emirates. The U.S. uses more than 25% of its energy to transport goods and people.

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6 (6) Disadvantages: Fossil fuels are in limited supply. Fossil fuels are difficult to acquire and have environmental consequences for their use.

7 Is the most convenient form of energy. It is easily transported over distances Powers the majority of appliances Disadvantages Difficult to store Produced from other fuels

8 (7) Heat energy Mechanical energy Chemical energy Combustion of coal Electrical energy

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10 (8)

11 The price of fuel determines how much people use. The US and Canada have some of the lowest gas prices on the planet. 3.39$ as compared to Price in USD Regular/Gallon Netherlands Amsterdam $6.48 Norway Oslo $6.27 Italy Milan $5.96 Denmark Copenhagen $5.93 Belgium Brussels $5.91 Sweden Stockholm $5.80 United Kingdom London $5.79 Germany Frankfurt $5.57 France Paris $5.54 Portugal Lisbon $5.35 Hungary Budapest $4.94 Luxembourg $4.82 Croatia Zagreb $4.81 Ireland Dublin $4.78 Switzerland Geneva $4.74 Spain Madrid $4.55 Japan Tokyo $4.24 Czech Republic Prague $4.19 Romania Bucharest $4.09 Andorra $4.08 Estonia Tallinn $3.62 Bulgaria Sofia $3.52 Brazil Brasilia $3.12 Cuba Havana $3.03 Taiwan Taipei $2.84 Lebanon Beirut $2.63 South Africa Johannesburg $2.62 Nicaragua Managua $2.61 Panama Panama City $2.19 Russia Moscow $2.10 Puerto Rico San Juan $1.74 Saudi Arabia Riyadh $0.91 Kuwait Kuwait City $0.78 Egypt Cairo $0.65 Nigeria Lagos $0.38 Venezuela Caracas $0.12

12 (9) Coal forms from the remains of plants that lived 300 to 250 mya in swamps. Coal forms as layers of sediment cover the plant matter compressing it creating heat and pressure.

13 Peat is the worst to burn it creates a lot of smoke and pollution. As you move from left to right the quality and of the coal increase and the amount of pollution created decreases. This is due to the increased heat and pressure removing impurities from the coal leaving burnable carbon.

14 Most of the worlds fossil fuel reserves are made of coal. (10)More than ½ of the electricity in the US is generated from Coal Power Plants. Advantages of Coal Coal is relatively inexpensive Coal needs little refining after it is mined. (11)Due to run out within 100 years!

15 Environmental Effects- ecosystem disrupted

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17 12) The quality of coal varies. Higher-grade coals, such as bituminous coal, produce more heat and less pollution than lower-grade coal, such as lignite. Sulfur, found in all grades of coal, can be a major source of pollution when coal is burned. The air pollution and acid precipitation that result from burning high-sulfur coal without adequate pollution controls are serious problems in countries such as China. However, clean-burning coal technology has dramatically reduced air pollution in countries such as the United States.

18 13) Oil and natural gas form from the remains of decaying marine organisms.

19 Crude Petroleum is first purified. What is a oil refinery? (14) Petroleum Oil Refinery the oil that is pumped from the ground needs to be refined (distilled) before it can be used to make Products Like Fuels Plastics Chemicals Energy

20 Oil is usually found near Folds Faults Salt Domes Impermeable Rock Acts like a stopper that hold the oil in place preventing it from moving. Permeable Rock - Acts like a sponge that holds the oil and allows it to move.

21 Most of the oil reserves on Earth are found in the Middle East. But many other reserves exist around the world as well.

22 (15) Large deposits also exist in the United States; Alaska, Texas, California, and the gulf of Mexico

23 Shock waves are sent into the Earth to locate oil deposits. Test wells are then drilled. Then an oil rig is attached to pump the oil. Refinery then process the oil.

24 Burning oil produces pollution, forming smog and causing health problems. Technology has helped to make the burning of oil cleaner and safer. In general developed countries have better technology to keep the environment safe. Developed countries also use more oil than developing countries.

25 (16) CO2 is released in large quantities from the burning of fossil fuels and is connected with global warming. Oil Spills dramatically effect ocean and land environments as oil is toxic to living things. Spilled oil is hard to clean up. The majority of oil that ends up in the environment is from everyday sources, not large oil spills.

26 20% of the worlds nonrenewable energy. Methane Natural Gas is found in conjunction with oil wells. Natural gas is transported and stored in tanks for later use. Burning natural gas produces fewer pollutants than other fossil fuels. Electricity can also be produced from natural gas.

27 (17) Oil production is still increasing, but it is increasing much more slowly than it has in since 1960.

28 Many different factors must be considered when predicting oil production. (18) Changes in technology- is it safe Cost of obtaining fuels-is it profitable Number of oil deposits discoveredare we really running out, no new reserves discovered in the last decade

29 (1) Once considered the energy source of the future. Clean Cheap Plentiful

30 (2) Nuclear energy the energy contained within the nucleus of an atom. The forces that hold the nucleus of an atom together are 1 million times stronger then the chemical bonds of other fuel sources. Uranium is the fuel of nuclear energy.

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33 Concentrated energy source Produces no air pollution gases When operating properly they release less radiation than a coal fire power plant

34 It is expensive to build Storing Waste It is difficult to find safe storage for radioactive waste Waste remains hazardous for thousands of years Safety Concerns Reactors malfunction and can release radiation Chernobyl

35 Nuclear Fusion occurs when lightweight nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus. This is the process that powers stars It is a safer energy source as it produces less hazardous waste products Controlling the process of fusion is extremely difficult due to the extremely high temperatures required for the process to occur