Production of CO 2 neutral fuel from solar and wind energy. Søren Knudsen Kær Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University

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1 Production of CO 2 neutral fuel from solar and wind energy Søren Knudsen Kær Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University

2 The Future Energy System Energy conversion and storage Electricit y Liquid Fuel Gas Heat/cool

3 The transport sector is a big challenge Danish ambition to be fossil free in 2050 How do we tackle the transport sector? Electro-fuels is an important technology linking present and future Re-use existing fueling infrastructure (cost efficient and fast implementation) Seamless transition from black to green and from combustion engines to fuel cells Electro-fuels can decarbonize heavy duty vehicles, ship transport and aviation Electro-fuels build on Danish strong holds in wind energy, bio-energy and hydrogen technologies 3

4 Energy storage is another challenge Energy storage in liquid fuels is the lowest cost opportunity with the largest existing capacity Liquid fuels can facilitate the required 90 days strategic energy storage Energy storage in liquid e-fuels can ensure Danish renewable energy is used in Denmark Henrik Lund et al. Energy Storage and Smart Energy Systems, Int. Journal of Sust. Energy Planning and Management,

5 Developments in energy cost 5 Bloomberg New Energy Outlook predicts 50% of global energy consumption from solar and wind by 2050 Continued cost reduction of wind and solar energy => Green liquid electro fuel cost parity with fossil is possible

6 Putting the pieces together Renewable electricity Electrolysis CO2 source Fuel synthesis Distribution Market access Utilization Biogas e - Transport Industrial process Methanol synthesis Heat Energy storage CO2 from air/sea 6

7 Flexible load Aalborg Giga-Fuel the conceptual idea Key numbers: West Denmark (2015): Annual average 55% wind electricity 1500 hours >100% wind electricity Power distribution grid Aalborg Giga-Fuel: Potential 1,3 mio tons methanol / year 15-20% of Danish energy for transport O 2 / oxyfuel Electrolysis H 2 Methanol Flu e gas Emission Capture CO 2 Giga-Fuel Factory Aalborg Portland District heating grid

8 E-fuels from methanol Methanol Gasoline blending M3 M15 Pure M100 (Combustion engine / Fuel cell (Blue World/Serenergy) Chemical industry Upgrade d DME Synthetic gasoline/diesel Aviation fuel 8

9 .the possible realization Aalborg is ideally suited for a light-house project showing a whole city running on renewables Complete infrastructure is already available Allocated area for renewable electricity generation Large CO 2 source (about 2.0 mio. tons) District heating grid ( TJ/year) Electric grid connections Industrial harbor Large-scale demonstration of methanol technologies manufactured in Aalborg Fuel cells, cars, busses, light trucks Fueling infrastructure Aalborg can show they way in full-scale smart energy systems! 4km

10 Biogas potential near Aalborg Optimal location of biogas plants from location of cattle and pig farming Potential alternative CO2 source for e-fuels Source: Energisk Nordjylland, Scenarier for 2050 for Nordjylland 10

11 Wind/PV and e-fuel synergies Profit of wind/pv and P2X show opposite dependence on electricity price Hedging of electricity price De-risking of investment 11

12 Liquid E-fuel technology development Phase 1 (2019): L/year pilot plant at Aalborg University supported by EUDP, Total budget ~4 mio. Phase 2 (2020-): 2 mio. L/year at biogas plant Phase 3 (2022-): 15 mio. L/year at biogas plant or from captured CO2 1-2 MW ELECTROLYSIS Biogas: Nature Energy og E.ON Elektrolysis: GreenHydrogen Metanol production: RE::integrate Research and development: AAU End user: Drivkraft Danmark (members)