1. Economic planning and development 2. Socioeconomic development 3. Environmental impacts 4. Policy development and monitoring

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2 1. Economic planning and development 2. Socioeconomic development 3. Environmental impacts 4. Policy development and monitoring Sustainable Development Goals

3 What is Wood Energy (WE)? Biomass is the oldest fuel known to man. It is also one of the most versatile and in modern-day systems, a clean and efficient way to produce heat and electricity. The most common form of BE is WE from WF. Woodfuel = Charcoal + Fuelwood 3

4 Why is WF important and significant? Most Common form of Bioenergy is WOOD ENERGY from Woodfuel Wood Energy has multiple End Uses: Household Cooking Fuel Heating Feedstock Industrial Uses Electricity Generation

5 Why are WF important? 1. WF is the dominant HH cooking fuel for 2 billion people in the developing world; 2. Trend will continue in the many years to come; 3. In DCs, BF provides 1/3 of total energy; 4. In some countries, it accounts for 80%; 5. Charcoal and FW are most common types of BF; 6. WF are vital to the nutrition of poor urban and rural households in DCs.

6 Why is WF important and significant? Limitless socioeconomic potentials Way of Life Non-fossil fuel based Carbon neutral Environmental Benefits Source of Income Job Creation Employment Generation Informal Sector Activity Help reduce GHG emissions Renewable Energy security

7 Why collect wood energy data? REASONS 1. Understand energy mix -> 2. Trace woodfuel flows -> 3. Determine fuel switching -> 4. Understand Household cooking fuel decisions -> 5. Determine production process-> 6. OTHERS. OUTCOMES 1. Rural & urban energy planning 2. Develop monitoring systems (policy interventions) 3. Energy security analysis 4. Socioeconomic development (cook stoves, gender, health, employment) 5. Production efficiency, biodiversity (policy interventions) 7

8 WHY DO WE WANT TO COLLECT WOOD ENERGY DATA? Sustainable Production and Management of Wood Energy Resources 8

9 The PURPOSE or RATIONALE of the study is crucial - Clear Rationale leads to clear Research Design. How does one go about creating the Research Design? 1. Clarify main goals and objectives of study; 2. Choose Methods and methodologies 3. Identify scope and limitation of study 4. Determine research environment (Rural vs Urban) 5. Sampling, sampling technique (part of #2 and research design and methodology) 6. Generate work plan (time frame, budget, manpower)

10 WOODFUEL EXPERIENCES 10

11 THE CASE OF CEBU: Overall Picture of WE situation RURAL WF STUDIES 1. WF Production (charcoal makers, FW gatherers) Study; 2. Rural Traders Study; 3. Rural Households Study. URBAN WF STUDIES 1. Urban Households Survey; 2. Industry and other Institutions Study; 3. Commercial WF Users Survey; 4. Urban Traders Survey. 11

12 Types of Wood Energy Studies as experienced in Cebu City and Province, Philippines 12

13 Rural WF Studies (Production, Trade/Distribution, Consumption Studies) Types of WF Studies Method/ Methodology Results and Outputs Use and Purpose WF Producers Study - QUALITATIVE RESEARCH - SAMPLING: -Non probabilistic -Purposive sampling method -Cannot generalize but information gathered is valuable for intervention and follow up studies. 1.Case study 2.Key informant Interviews or KII 3.Focus Group Discussion 4.Photo documentation 5.GIS study (time comparison) 6.Secondary data collection from government/province/ municipal/district documents 1.Socio and economic data (demographic, economic, gender, roles, others) 2.Forestry data (species, volume, plantation, land use/ area, others) 3. Technology used, local practices 4.Marketing data (price, customers, packaging, mode of delivery, others) 1.Economic planning and development 2.Socioeconomic development 3.Environmental impacts 4. Policy development and monitoring 13

14 1.Case study 2.Key informant Interviews or KII 3.Focus Group Discussion 4.Photo documentation 5.GIS study (time comparison) 6.Secondary data collection from government/province/ municipal/district documents 14

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17 RURAL WF STUDIES (Production, Trade/Distribution, Consumption Studies) Types of WF Studies Method/ Methodology Results and Outputs Use and Purpose Rural Traders Study QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH -descriptive -use probability sampling -usually complete enumeration -develop interview instrument -possibility of generalizations 1.Survey using personal face-toface interview 2.Photo documentation 3.Product standardization 4.Secondary data collection from GO/NGO/PO documents 1.Local practices 2.Trade flow 3.Specie, price, volume 4.gender, roles 5.transport mode 6.others 1.Economic planning and development 2.Socioeconomic development 3. Policy development and monitoring 17

18 WOODFUEL TRADE AND DISTRIBUTION FLOWS Major Trade Minor Trade

19 RURAL WF STUDIES (Production, Trade/Distribution, Consumption Studies) Types of WF Studies Method/ Methodology Results and Outputs Use and Purpose Rural HH Survey QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH -descriptive -probabilistic sampling: systematic, stratified, cluster, multi-stage, random -develop interview instrument -generalizations possible. 1.Face-to-face HH surveys 2.FGDs 3.KIIs 4.Literature search from GO/NGO/PO docs 1.SE profiles 2.Types of fuel used 3.Fuel switching 4.Fuel vs Income 5.Fuel vs Choice Reasons 6.Primary Fuels vs Secondary Fuels 7. Price, mode of delivery, local practices, others 1.Economic planning and development 2.Socioeconomic development 3. Policy development and monitoring 19

20 URBAN WF STUDIES (Consumption Study, Trade/Distribution Studies) Types of WF Studies Method/ Methodology Results and Outputs Use and Purpose Urban Households Survey QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH -descriptive -probabilistic sampling: systematic, stratified, cluster, multi-stage, random -develop interview instrument -generalizations possible. 1.Face-to-face HH surveys 2.FGDs 3.KIIs 4.Secondary data analysis GO/NGO/PO docs 5.photo documentation (cook stoves, WF, FW, other fuels used, SE conditions). 1.SE profiles 2.Types of fuel used 3.Fuel switching 4.Fuel vs Income 5.Fuel vs Choice Reasons 6.Primary Fuels vs Secondary Fuels 7. Price, mode of delivery, local practices, others 1.Economic planning and development 2.Socioeconomic development 3. Policy development and monitoring 20

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23 URBAN WF STUDIES (Consumption Study, Trade/Distribution Studies) Types of WF Studies Method/ Methodology Results and Outputs Use and Purpose Industry and other establishments Study (furniture industry, fashion accessories, noodle factory, bakeshops, hospitals, prisons) (Both quantitative and qualitative studies using non probabilistic sampling design) 1. Case study 2. KIIs 3. face to face primary interview survey (nonprobabilistic sampling) 4.complete enumeration survey is possible 1.Origin and sources of supply 2. Sales and Economic data (price, volume, frequency, total sales) 3.Business profile 4.Gender and roles 5.Health information 6.SE profile 7.Types of fuel used 1.Economic planning and development 2.Socioeconomic development 3. Policy development and monitoring 8.Reasons for use 9.Fuel switching 10.Mode of delivery, local practice, others 23

24 URBAN WF STUDIES (Consumption Study, Trade/Distribution Studies) Types of WF Studies Method/ Methodology Results and Outputs Use and Purpose Commercial Users Study (food vendors, restaurants) (Quantitative Research such as SURVEY: Descriptive Study using nonprobabilistic sampling design) 1. Case study 2. KIIs 3. face to face primary interview survey (nonprobabilistic sampling) 4.complete enumeration survey is possible 1.Origin and sources of supply 2. Sales and Economic data (price, volume, frequency, total sales) 3.Business profile 4.Gender and roles 5.Health information 6.SE profile 1.Economic planning and development 2.Socioeconomic development 3. Policy development and monitoring 7.Types of fuel used 8.Reasons for use 9.Fuel switching 10.Mode of delivery, local practice, others 24

25 URBAN WF STUDIES (Consumption Study, Trade/Distribution Studies) Types of WF Studies Method/ Methodology Results and Outputs Use and Purpose Urban Traders Study (Quantitative Research such as SURVEY: Descriptive Study using nonprobabilistic sampling design) 1.Survey using personal face-toface interview 2.Photo documentation 3.Product standardization 4.Secondary data collection from GO/NGO/PO documents 1.Local practices 2.Trade flow analysis 3.Species used, price, volume 4.gender, roles 5.transport mode 6.others 1.Economic planning and development 2.Socioeconomic development 3. Policy development and monitoring 25

26 RURAL WF STUDIES (Production, Trade/Distribution, Consumption Studies) Types of WF Studies Method/ Methodology Results and Outputs Use and Purpose Urban Traders QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH -descriptive -use nonprobability sampling -develop interview instrument -cannot generalize 1.Survey using personal face-toface interview 2.Photo documentation 3.Product standardization 4.Secondary data collection from GO/NGO/PO documents 1.Local practices 2.Trade flow 3.Specie, price, volume 4.gender, roles 5.transport mode 6.others 1.Economic planning and development 2.Socioeconomic development 3. Policy development and monitoring 26

27 THE CASE OF CEBU: WOODFUEL TRADE PROVIDED JOBS AND INCOMES TO MORE THAN 35,000 HOUSEHOLDS IN 1992, LOCAL ECONOMY SAVED UP TO US$12M FROM THE USE OF WOODFUELS INSTEAD OF IMPORTING FOSSIL-BASED FUELS

28 Gender Implication: Women? Men? Children?

29 Environment Impacts

30 Carbon footprint The carbon footprint implications of Cebu's fuelwood and charcoal industry are complex and perhaps not as straightforward as many would think. For starters much or most of Cebu's firewood and charcoal comes from relatively sustainable and wellmanaged tree and shrub management systems that are harvested and which regenerate on a regular basis.

31 Conclusion 1. Wood Energy data is valuable. 2. There are many types of WE data: Production, Consumption, Trade and Distribution researches. 3. Quantitative and or Qualitative Researches are options to choose from; 4. Various methodologies such as Case Study, Survey, Key Informant Interview, Focus Group Discussion, GIS, and many others will require different types of research design. 5. Each research design will require different techniques in sampling, gathering information, and processing data. 6. In sum, collecting wood energy data can be challenging but clarity of purpose will ensure a more focused and appropriate research design and methodology. - END OF PRESENTATION - 31