EO-MINERS. Selected EO-MINERS Products; Integrated EObased tools and methods for environmental and societal impact assessment of mining activities

Transcription

1 EO-MINERS Selected EO-MINERS Products; Integrated EObased tools and methods for environmental and societal impact assessment of mining activities Colm Jordan, BGS European Stakeholder Dialogue on Impact Assessment of Mineral Exploration and Explotation using Earth Observation Brussels, th September 2013

2 Outline EO Product development EO Product formats EO Product examples Feedback from stakeholders

3 Product Development Plan EO Product development: Integrating components from several WPs Indicators for each site (WP1) Parameters measurable with EO (WP1) Available EO data (WP 2 & 3) Conceptual site models (WP3) EO Products (WP4) Project Resources (WP0) WP5 Stakeholder interaction

4 Product Development Plan Timeline EO Data Acquisition Conceptual site models Indicators for each site Parameters measurable with EO EO Products Project Resources Stakeholder interaction

5 Conceptual Site Model Potential Sources: Pits: dewatering (AMD) Washing plants: effluent (SO 4, metals) Dumps: water and air pollutants, dust, slope stability Underground works (fire, AMD, subsidence, sinkhole) Pathways: Surface water, surface runoff Groundwater Air Receptors: Towns, informal settlements, people (gases, dust, drinking water) Wetlands, terrestrial ecosystems, lake (water quality)

6 Conceptual Site Model Conceptual Site Model Makmal Pit source Potential pathway Active and future tailings dam source Plant source Potential pathway Town receptor Potential pathway Potential Sources: Plant: cyanide Tailings dam: water pollutants, dust Dam stability: leakages (CN, metals) Pathways: Surface water, surface runoff Groundwater Air Receptors: Towns Shallow and deep groundwater Ecosystem

7 Conceptual Site Model Conceptual Site Model Sokolov

8 Indicators emalahleni (Witbank), South Africa Sokolov, Czech Republic Makmak (Kazarman), Kyrgyzstan A Land use A1 - Total land use by mining and milling; A3 - Artisanal and small-scale mining; A4 - Residential land use; A6 - Sites set aside, protected areas; B Mass flows B1 - Waste volumes generated; D Air quality and other nuisances D1- Aerosols; E Water quality E4 - Acid drainage potential; E5 - Seepage from engineered structures; F Transport F2- Land fragmentation by transport infrastructure; G Geotechnical hazards and accidents G1 - Grade of slopes; G2 - Ground stability small and large scale subsidence; G4 - Underground fires. A Land use A1 - Total land use by mining and milling - topographical footprint; A2 - Mining and Land use intensity - topographical footprint versus amount of marketable product; A4 - Residential land use residential developments around mining areas; A6 - Sites set aside, protected areas nature reserves, wetlands, sites of spiritual value and similar ones; A8 - Recultivation success on mined-out areas and waste/spoil heaps designated mining areas covered by specific vegetation; A9 - Areas indirectly affected and its potential use impact of mining on the potential use of operation and surrounding areas, impact on land value/prices; A10 - Soil fertility of remediated mine areas; B Mass Flow B1 - Waste volumes generated; D Air Quality and other nuisances D1 - Aerosols particle concentration in off-site air; E Water quality E4 - Acid Drainage Potential distribution of sulfidic ironminerals; E5 - Seepage from engineered structures; G Geotechnical hazards and accidents G2 - Ground stability small and large scale subsidence; G3 - Dam stability water saturation in retaining dams. A Land-use A1 - Total land use by mining and milling; D Air quality and other nuisances D1 - Aerosols; D2 - Volatiles; D3 - Air-related health impacts; E Water quality E1 - Hydrological balance; E2 - Process waters and contaminated surface runoff/storm water; E3 - Aqueous contaminant releases; E5 - Seepage from engineered structures; E6 - Drinking/irrigation water availability; G Geotechnical hazard and accidents G3 - Dam stability; I Social impacts I5 - Health-care and welfare infrastructure provided by mining companies. EO-MINERS did not make a product relating to every indicator at each site

9 The EO-Product Matrix Matrix was a decision-making tool: 1. Have we forgotten anything? 2. Have we fully included the requirements of trialogue participants? 3. Not all potential products can be developed, can we prioritise? 4. How will the products be formatted? what will they look like? what format(s) should we use? will they differ depending on stakeholder ability to deal with analogue/digital data?

10 Matrix Example Sokolov (v2) Grouped by Indicator

11 Revised Matrix Example Sokolov (v3) Environmental issues Indicators Measurable parameters Potential for EO assessment of parameters EO data availability for parameters Task /status Comments Scale EO Product Investigating institute Distribution of secondary iron oxide minerals YES Hyperspectral airborne data Airborne hyperspectral available for 09, 10 and 11 (although cloudy); some ASTER imagery may be of limited use Selected AMDrelated minerals can be mapped. CzechGS used ASTER for mineral mapping(?) Czech GS are finishing ph map based on mineral/coal composition - compare with other results from TAU/DLR? Local image/grid or vector layer of iron oxide minerals DLR, TAU, BGS, BRGM & Czech GS Water quality & soil properties Water Quality: E4 Acid drainage generation potential (distribution of sulphidic iron minerals) Distribution of minerals with neutralisation capacity Surface drainage map Relief maps YES Hyperspectral airborne data YES SRTM, LiDAR DEM from stereo aerial photography or satellite imagery. Note: digital terrain model is required YES SRTM, LiDAR ordem derived from stereo aerial photography or satellite imagery Airborne hyperspectral available for 09, 10 and 11 (although cloudy); some ASTER imagery may be of limited use 5 m DEMs derived from Cartosat stereo images of 2009, 2010 and 2011 (not currently suitable). There is also a photogrammetric 5m DEM from approx 2008 with a 3 year age range 5 m DEMs derived from Cartosat stereo images and some ASTER imagery. We also have 10k and 25k vector topographic map data and VK indicates that the IPR will allow us to use them Selected minerals/soils can be mapped. CzechGS used ASTER for mineral mapping(?) DEMs exist but they need to be edited. BRGM to discuss potential improvements with DLR? Selected soils and minerals can be mapped. Map scale? Hydrologically correct DEM and/or dgps data required; can potentially use photogrammetric DEM. GIS stream network exists => drainage map of mining area risk? Task for Czech GS; Cartosat DEM may be useful once validated. 1:10,000- scale maps on FTP Local image/grid or vector layer of neutralisin g minerals? surface draining map - Strahler order streams, vector map? DEM, displayed as shaded relief base map (raster format) DLR, TAU, BGS, BRGM & Czech GS BRGM to lead, with support from Czech GS, DLR & BGS Czech GS & BGS

12 Matrix Example Sokolov Matrix also documented the EO data availability within the EO-MINERS project Legend Data described on this line is ready and available Information in this cell is ready, but data described on this line has missing items Information about this cell is missing, requires further information or needs improving Name Extend Data characteristics Dust samples /analysis Dust samples / analysis punctual Collected In-house: TAU/CzechGS Processing applied Metadata On project FTP Status Type?????? NO - GeoZS/TAU/BGS punctual Collected on streets: GeoZS?????? NO - GeoZS done DATA XRF punctual Both lab and field measurements?????? NO - CGS preprocessing not over Soil moisture spatial One specific area preprocessed see documentation done DATA DATA YES done DATA

13 1 2 EO Products Developed, emalahleni Product Title Related Indicator Primary EO Datasets Change of the mining footprint through time Residential land use around mining areas Land Use: A1 Total land use by mining and milling Land Use: A4 Residential land use (residential developments around mining areas) Land Use: A5 Informal settlement (sprawl of squatters areas, slums) Multi-temporal Landsat TM satellite imagery Multi-temporal Landsat TM satellite imagery Multi-temporal SPOT satellite imagery Census data showing extent of residential developments 3 Urban footprint Land Use: A4 Residential land use (residential developments around mining areas) Land Use: A5 Informal settlement (sprawl of squatters areas, slums) TerraSAR-X Radar satellite data SPOT satellite imagery 4 Mining and areas of ecological importance Land Use: A6 Site set aside, protected areas (nature reserves, wetlands, sites of spiritual value and similar) Landsat TM satellite imagery GIS of habitat classes 5 6 Distribution of dust contamination: Air Quality and other Nuisances: D1 Aerosols (particle antimony (Sb), chromium (Cr) concentration in off-site air) vanadium (V), barium (Ba Acid mine drainage contamination potential Water Quality: E4 Acid drainage generation potential (distribution of sulphidic iron minerals) Multi-elemental dust analyses SPOT satellite imagery GIS of industrial sites WorldView-II satellite imagery WorldView-II DEM Drainage network derived from WorldView-II DEM Potential contamination pathway derived from WorldView-II DEM 7 Density of road per km 2 Transport: F2 Land fragmentation by transport infrastructure 8 9 Geotechnical hazards and ground stability Geotechnical hazards: miningrelated fires Geotechnical Hazards and Accidents: G2 Ground stability (changes in elevation of areas unaffected by residue disposal) Geotechnical Hazards and Accidents: G4 Underground and mining waste deposit fires SPOT satellite imagery GIS of industrial sites Airborne LiDAR DEM Aerial photographs WorldView-II satellite imagery Airborne LiDAR-derived slope map Airborne thermal infrared imagery Airborne LiDAR DEM Aerial photographs

14 EO Product List Indicator category Related Product South Africa Kyrgyzstan Czech republic Land Use 1. Change of mining footprint through time 2. Residential land use around mining areas 3. Urban footprint 4. Mining and areas of ecological importance 1. Cadastral information 2. Change of mining footprint through time Air Quality 5. Distribution of dust contamination antimony (Sb), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), barium (Ba) 3. Air and surface water contamination potential 4. Soil and surface water contamination potential 1. Dust pollution and vegetation health Water Quality and Land fragmentation 6. Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) contamination potential 7. Density of roads per km 2 6. Cyanide concentration in water bodies 2. Spatial distribution of iron oxides possibly associated with AMD 3. Soil composition and AMD contamination potential 4. An example of AMD drainage contamination potential 5. AMD-producing minerals and water quality Geohazards 8. Geotechnical hazards and ground stability 9. Geotechnical hazards: mining-related fires 7. Tailings dam stability 8. Radioactive contamination EO-MINERS made 22 EO Products - available in various formats

15 EO Product Formats Paper maps Digital maps in 2D and 3D (PDF) for use on a PC or even a mobile device e.g. ipad Three dimensional models and animations GoogleEarth files available from

16 Paper Maps

17 Change of Mining Footprint Through Time, SA

18 Acid Mine Drainage Contamination Potential, SA

19 2D PDFs Interactive Multi scale Layers can be turned on / off Added functionality Distance measurement Area measurement Field GPS display

20 Interactive 2D PDFs (e.g. from Kyrgyzstan)

21 Interactive 2D PDFs (e.g. from Kyrgyzstan)

22 Interactive 2D PDFs (e.g. from Kyrgyzstan)

23 Interactive 2D PDFs (e.g. from Kyrgyzstan)

24 Interactive 2D PDFs (e.g. from Kyrgyzstan)

25 Interactive 2D PDFs (e.g. from Kyrgyzstan)

26 Interactive 2D PDFs (e.g. from Kyrgyzstan)

27 Interactive 2D PDFs (e.g. from Kyrgyzstan)

28 Interactive 2D PDFs (e.g. from Kyrgyzstan)

29 Interactive 2D PDFs (e.g. from Kyrgyzstan)

30 Sample 3D PDF

31 Sample 3D PDF

32 Sample 3D PDF

33 Sample 3D PDF

34 3D Visualisations and Videos

35 Google Earth Kyrg Tailings Dam Leakage

36 Google Earth Kyrg Tailings Dam Leakage

37 Google Earth Kyrg Tailings Dam Leakage

38 Google Earth Kyrg Tailings Dam Leakage

39 Google Earth Kyrg Tailings Dam Leakage

40 Google Earth and EO Miners data comparison

41 Stakeholder Feedback All products were presented at a series of trialogue workshops held at the three test sites Sokolov (public) South Africa Sokolov (mining) Kyrg (Makmal) Kyrg (Bishkek) Kyrg (Kazarman)

42 Stakeholder Feedback (1) Key EO Products: Sokolov: Water Quality E4, Acid Drainage Potential, distribution of sulfidic ironminerals; emalahleni: D Air quality and other nuisances, D1- Aerosols Makmal: Water Quality E4, Acid drainage potential and seepage from engineered structures (cyanide)

43 Stakeholder Feedback (2) Attractive tools that provide the information in an easy-to-use form Benefit of spatially continuous and repeated measurements Beyond the posters, the 3D presentation of EO Products was much appreciated The maps and data are able to help develop a common language and base of communication between otherwise separate stakeholders

44 Stakeholder Feedback (3) Question of benefit to minor mines was raised, will detailed control be available? Air quality products were of interest in South Africa, in particular the press distributed the results with enthusiasm (several local press articles) could this product be extended to include medical recommendations?

45 EO Products - Summary Successful demonstration of integrated EO Products for three test sites Methodology and tools are exportable to other sites New data (in situ, airborne & satellite) will increase how (and which) indicators can be monitored Costs may be reduced with streamlined methodology and new data sources