Microalgae. Extremely high growth rate

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1 Presents:

2 EcoTech Complex

3 Brisa International

4 Microalgae Extremely high growth rate Algae produce more oxygen than all the plants in the world Extraordinary potential for cultivation as energy crops Can be grown under difficult agro-climatic conditions Wide range of commercially desirable byproducts

5 Algae Advantages Explosive growth rate - doubles its biomass about every 4 hours Seed to harvest time about 2 days Possible to grow and harvest continuously Rapidly mitigates carbon emissions Utilizes whole plant to produce fuel or other products EcoTech configurations can be used to effectively treat wastewater.

6 Cultivation of Algae

7 Cultivation of Algae

8 Algae Harvesting Filtration - able to collect microalgae or cells of very low density Centrifugation - cause the algae to settle to the bottom of a flask or tank Flotation - algae can be made to float on the surface of the medium and removed as scum Flocculation - separates algae from medium using chemicals to force algae to form lumps Bio-flocculation - biologically induced flocculation with bacteria Gravity Settling uses settling tank designed for algae

9 Algae Oil Extraction Mechanical Methods Expeller press Ultrasonic-assisted Chemical Methods Hexane solvent Soxhlet extraction Supercritical fluid extraction Single Step and Continuous Algal Oil Extraction Systems Extraction Using Nanotechnology Other Extraction Techniques These technologies are currently in use in many locations worldwide including Europe, Asia, and the Americas

10 Algae Harvesting Dissolved air flotation system Chemical free processes for single step harvesting

11 Reactor Tubes and Charging Cylinders

12 Algal Oil Yields vs. Other Biofuels Crop Gallons of Oil / Acre / Year Corn 18 Soybeans 48 Safflower 83 Sunflower 102 Rapeseed 127 Oil Palm 635 Microalgae 5,000-15,000 Soure: - Microalgae productivity updated by Brisa

13 Algae Biofuel Great Versatility Algae biofuel directly comparable to fossil crude oil Can be used as produced in heavy engines or boilers Can be hydrogenated or thermally upgraded to obtain diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, or other fuels Can be processed in today s existing network of refineries

14 Algae Products from WWT Animal Feed Low-quality algal protein can be converted by animals into higher quality protein. Fish Feed Demand is increasing as the demand for fish farms being utilized for human consumption grows. Soil Conditioner Algal products have higher nitrogen content than dried activated sludge. Biopolymers & Bioplastics Over US $1 billion; expected over US $10 billion by Paints, Dyes & Colorants World market estimated at about US $23 billion. Lubricants Lubricant market estimated to be US $120 billion and growing.

15 EcoTech Algae Plant Economic Advantages Technologies to grow and process algae have advanced remarkably around the world in the last 5 years. Brisa conducted 7 years of intensive study, and has brought together the best technologies worldwide. And the EcoTech design adds hundreds of new and incredible patent-pending efficiencies.

16 EcoTech Complex

17 EcoTech Complex Sludge Processing Gray Water Biofuel Research Center Algae Products & Oil Biofuel Refining Oxygen 1o, 3o WW Algae Wastewater Treatment Saltwater Desalination Water Bottling Heat Wastewater Treatment Primary / Tertiary Carbon Dioxide Gray Water Carbon Dioxide Power to All Plants Biodiesel Power Plant / MSW Recycling / Waste-to-Energy / Diesel Fuel

18 EcoTech System Advantages Inputs Power Plant Stack Gases Wastewater Salt Water Municipal Solid Waste Hazardous Waste (Some) No Fuel Required EcoTech Outputs Drinking Water Bottled Water Gray Water Electricity Fuels Diverse Types Algae Products Recycled Products Sludge Substrate Ash Cement Oxygen Other Beneficial Outputs No Harmful Emissions

19 EcoTech A Revolutionary NextGeneration Technology Combines multiple infrastructure and utility services Creates unprecedented efficiencies, and Greatly reduces environmental impact in: Power Generation Power Plant Emissions Mitigation Wastewater Treatment Water Desalination Waste-to-Energy Recycling Biofuel Production and Bio-product Synthesis

20 EcoTech Example Site How Does the EcoTech Complex Apply to Sites Worldwide: There are many countries throughout the world with major issues in: Water Supply Wastewater Treatment Solid Waste Energy Power Plant Emissions Let s look at one country as an example the Philippines.

21 EcoTech Example Site EcoTech Applied to the Philippines Current Issues: Population: growing rapidly - 33% higher today than in 2000 Water Supply / Wastewater: Only 10% of wastewater is treated. Only 5% connected to sewer, 11% in Metro Manila 85% use septic tanks. These tanks provide only about 10% treatment, and many leak. 58% of groundwater is contaminated 67% of river systems are not suitable for public water supply

22 EcoTech Advantages EcoTech Applied to the Philippines: Water By 2025 water availability will be marginal in most major cities and half of all river systems Saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers is a problem especially in Metro Manila Manila Bay has algal blooms and hypoxia due to untreated wastewater and nutrient loading Nutrient removal will be necessary this could double or triple the cost of a standard wastewater treatment plant The EcoTech fully treats wastewater and removes nutrients at about 1/4 the cost of a standard wastewater treatment plant and produces biofuel

23 EcoTech Advantages EcoTech Applied to the Philippines: Power Production / Carbon Reduction Mix of coal, natural gas, hydroelectric, nuclear, geothermal, biomass, and solar Philippines needs another 13,000 MW by 2030 But Philippines' INDC (Intended Nationally Determined Contribution) under UN Framework Convention on Climate Change is to reduce GHG by 70% given international assistance EcoTech can remove CO2 from coal, gas and other power plants EcoTech s zero carbon biofuels can be produced for about $8 - $10 USD / bbl and used as substitute fuel in many power plants, including coal-fired plants.

24 EcoTech Applied to the Philippines: Solid Waste / Carbon Reduction The Philippines produces 40,000 tons per day of garbage Metro Manila alone generates 10,000 tons per day of solid waste Nearly all goes to open dumps, where it contaminates ground- water and generates methane, four major dump sites unsanitary If we will not change our way of life, we will run out of land to dump the waste and we will soon be walking on streets full of garbage." Emelita S. Aguinaldo, Executive Director of the National Solid Waste Management Commission. EcoTech can produce power from waste, remove CO2 and use it to produce low cost biofuel while treating wastewater.

25 EcoTech Environmental Advantages EcoTech s Carbon Reduction: Wastewater treatment by algae is a low to zero carbon process. Power Plant emissions will be used by algae, greatly reducing pollution and carbon footprint. Municipal Waste-to-Energy emissions, including carbon will be reclaimed by the algae system, reducing carbon footprint. The emissions and wastewater carbon and other contaminants will be turned into zero carbon biofuels. The EcoTech turns all of these negative wastes into algae biofuels, presenting the most powerful way ever invented to reverse climate change.

26 EcoTech Wastewater Treatment Large Scale Summary: If Wastewater treated with EcoTech, savings are projected as follows: $504 million/year Savings in Cost of WW Treatment ($670 million/year) Value of zero carbon biocrude ($245 million/year) Value of Water Conserved (1/2 cost of Desal.) ($143 million/year) Value of treated reclaimed water (1/2 cost of Desal.) ($950 million/year) Projected Net Savings Per Year $1,504 million/year EcoTech Financed CAPEX + OPEX WW Treatment In addition, wastewater treatment becomes carbon neutral and Carbon Credits apply.

27 EcoTech Complex Sludge Processing Gray Water Biofuel Research Center Algae Products & Oil Biofuel Refining Oxygen 1o, 3o WW Algae Wastewater Treatment Saltwater Desalination Water Bottling Heat Wastewater Treatment Primary / Tertiary Carbon Dioxide Gray Water Carbon Dioxide Power to All Plants Biodiesel Power Plant / MSW Recycling / Waste-to-Energy / Diesel Fuel

28 The EcoTech Complex The EcoTech is available in three highly adaptable designs to fit any location: 1.) EcoTech 1: Full implementation 2.) EcoTech 2: Partial implementation adapted to local needs. 3.) EcoTech 3: Retrofit of existing facilities.

29 EcoTech 3 Complex - Retrofit Existing Power Plant New Construction Algae Plant Existing Wastewater Treatment Plant Saves hundreds of millions of dollars: Generates fuel from wastes and emissions Treats waste at lowest possible cost Creates a new, large, clean energy source Produces a high value, economical biofuel stream

30 EcoTech 2 Complex / Retrofit

31 Brisa International