10/03/2014 UN-Habitat Drainage Strategy 1

Transcription

1 10/03/2014 UN-Habitat Drainage Strategy 1

2 NEXUS Conference Presentation On Urban Challenges of the Nexus

3 Why is Sustainable Urbanization Important? Urbanization is one of the most significant global trends in the 21 st Century Cities are the locus of significant global challenges Urbanization is a vehicle for national economic and social transformation Cities and local authorities are important in achieving sustainable development

4 Why is Sustainable Urbanization Important? Urbanization is one of the most significant global trends in the 21 st Century Cities are the locus of significant global challenges Urbanization is a vehicle for national economic and social transformation Cities and local authorities are important in achieving sustainable development

5 Urbanisation Trends 1. Two primary factors: rapid urbanization and increasing urban poverty 2. The cities growing fastest: those of the developing world PERCENTAGE GROWTH OF URBAN POPULATION BY REGION ( ) RURAL 53% URBAN 47% RURAL 40% URBAN 60% More developed regions 1010% Less developed regions 90% Unprecedented slum growth: 18 million new slum dwellers per year during % Slum Growth 62% World Urban Growth more than 50% of world population is now in urban areas 5 billion people or 60% of world population will live in urban areas by % of urban population growth between now and 2030 will take place in developing countries cities are home to extreme deprivation, social segregation and environmental degradation with one billion people living in slums. roughly 75% of global economic activity is urban. Youth bulge in developing countries Ageing and shrinking urban population in developed countries

6 Opportunities for sustainable urban development Nexus elements - facilitating sustainable urban development Adequate food production, Safe water supplies and improved sanitation services, Effective urban water resources and waste management. Transport networks to connect people to jobs, goods and services. Vibrant industrial and service sectors - dependent on the quality, reliability and cost of services such as water supply, sanitation, energy, transport, ICT etc. Resilience to climate change impacts through targeted financing of adaptation, broad institutional strengthening and minimizing the drivers of vulnerability

7 Some Facts and Figures The number of urban dwellers using unimproved water sources actually increased, from 109 million in 1990 to 130 million in By the end of 2011, there were 2.5 billion people who still did not use an improved sanitation facility. Severe Flooding and Storm-Water Management is among top 3 challenges facing Cities, and are increasing in frequency and severity requiring larger capacity major drainage systems Nearly 1.3 billion people remain without access to electricity and 2.6 billion still do not have access to clean cooking facilities. Outdoor air pollution, mainly caused by urban transport is responsible for 1.3 million deaths per year worldwide

8 Opportunities - Urban Energy Energy access for the urban poor: Sustainable cooking system, lighting and slum electrification Energy Efficiency in the built environment; Energy efficient building code; market transformation, integrated building design Energy Efficiency in water supply operations; Energy audits of water supply systems Promotion of Renewable Energy use in Cities; Solar hot water systems; solar home system, wind energy, Waste to Energy: municipal waste and sewage to Energy Biogas in public institutions: prisons, schools, public toilettes

9 Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWRM) Transitioning to Water Sensitive Cities Appropriate governance/institutional arrangements Integrated urban planning and WRM Mix of technical and environmental options Making a political case for IUWRM Institutional, Technical and environmental engineering Innovative financing arrangements Advocacy, Awareness raising Build knowledge base Reach out to decision makers Business models /private sector Partnership with financing institutions

10 Urban Waste Management a challenge and an opportunity Urbanization : important production of wastewater (and other wastes) 90 % of which are discharged directly into rivers, lakes, and the oceans impact on habitat, environment, ecosystem, well being, health, quality of existing water, economic activities (fishing, tourism) However, waste is not necessarily a threat, it is an opportunity for reuse and recycling (e.g nutrients for food production and waste to energy processes ) Wise and immediate investments in waste management can generate multiple future benefits

11 Sustainable Urbanization in Post-2015 Development Agenda POSSIBLE GOAL: To promote cities that are environmentally safe, socially inclusive, economically productive and resilient Possible Quantitative Targets: 1. Inclusive national urban policies 2. Global urban land cover 3. Public space as a proportion of urban land area 4. People living in urban slums 5. Citizen participation in urban local elections and in public affairs 6. Urban violent crime 7. Inclusive policies to facilitate urban job creation 8. Access to safe and affordable public transport 9. Share of renewable energy sources in cities and access to improved energy 10. Access to safe drinking water supply and adequate sanitation in cities 11. Multi-sectoral urban resilience policies