The Role of AMI and DR in Enabling Island Renewable Integration

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Role of AMI and DR in Enabling Island Renewable Integration"

Transcription

1 The Role of AMI and DR in Enabling Island Renewable Integration Smart Metering Caribbean Miami, FL February 23, 2012 Matt Lecar, Principal Lavelle Freeman, Principal GE Energy Consulting

2 Outline Unique Challenges of Island Systems Benefits of AMI and DR Renewable Integration 2/23/2012 2

3 GE Energy Consulting Global team of experts Understand customer needs Create solutions Since the early 1900 s our team has provided industry expertise on: Understanding and study of the financial and physical operation of electric power systems including generation and grid planning, system optimization, asset valuation, competitive power markets, and energy policy implications Thermo-mechanical and electrical power systems engineering solutions, spanning the entire equipment life-cycle with understanding of customer needs Software tools for assessing the economics, performance, and reliability of integrated electric power systems 8/15/2011 3

4 Unique Challenges of Island Systems High cost of energy - conventional fossil fuel sources expensive Storm vulnerability Fresh water scarcity Rich in renewable resources (solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal, wave) Smaller and more granular systems means renewable variability more problematic Self-contained limited or no ties to neighbors Value of flexible demand resources should be high This picture is potentially pejorative. Locals may not appreciate the perception that their life is a beach. You need a real picture. I ll send some shots I took on my junket. 2/23/2012 4

5 AMI and Demand Response AMI-enabled DR makes economic sense today The cost-effectiveness of DR is demonstrated for C&I customers Technology Involvement and Customer Engagement Peak Load Reduction Potential by Program Type (2019) 2/23/2012 5

6 AMI and DR in Island Systems Renewable integration in island system requires localized, fast response resources (<10 minute) Automated Demand Response (ADR) for C&I customers is an excellent candidate Large point loads accessible through a single point of control (with active participation of customer) Sophisticated on-site energy/facility manager Incentivizes customer-owned DER by passing on ancillary services value AMI is a pre-requisite for ADR to participate more actively in providing ancillary services for accurate monitoring and verification of interval load relief 2/23/2012 6

7 GE s Renewables Integration Experience Studies commissioned by utilities, commissions, ISOs... Examine feasibility of 100+ GW of new renewables Consider operability, costs, emissions, transmission Need for fleet flexibility, new operating strategies and markets, transmission reinforcement, grid friendly renewables 2011, General Electric Company 2008 Maui 70 MW Wind 39% Peak Load 25% Energy 2010 Oahu 500 MW Wind 100 MW Solar 55% Peak Load 25% Energy PJM Study (underway) 96GW Wind 22GW Solar 30% Energy 2004 New York 3 GW Wind 10% Peak Load 4% Energy 2005 Ontario 15 GW Wind 50% Peak Load 30% Energy 2006 California 13 GW Wind 3 GW Solar 26% Peak Load 15% Energy 2007 Texas 15 GW Wind 25% Peak Load 17% Energy 2009 Western U.S. 72 GW Wind 15 GW Solar 50% Peak Load 27% Energy 2010 New England 12 GW Wind 39% Peak Load 24% Energy 7

8 Example: NREL Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Monthly Energy for Three Years (30% Scenario) 6 0% % of Monthly Load Energy 5 0% 4 0% 3 0% 2 0% % 0 % PV C SP w s W in d J an F eb M ar A p r M a y J un J ul A ug S e p O c t No v D e c To achieve 30% RPS on annual basis, monthly contribution ranges from <20% (Summer Peak) to >50% (Spring) Year-to-year variations for same calendar month are of a similar magnitude, due to weather and load variations Source: NREL Western Wind & Solar Integration Study 8 7/15/2011

9 Operation During Selected Weeks 30% Wind Penetration Scenario No Wind or Solar 30% Wind & Solar 50,000 April week 50,000 April week 40,000 40,000 30,000 30,000 MW MW 20,000 20,000 10,000 Nuclear Steam Coal Wind Solar CSP w/ Storage Solar PV Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Pumped Storage Hydro Hydro 10,000 0 MON APR 10 TUE APR 11 W ED APR 12 THU APR 13 FRI APR 14 SAT APR 15 SUN APR 16 0 MON APR 10 TUE APR 11 WED APR 12 THU APR 13 FRI APR 14 SAT APR 15 SUN APR 16 70,000 60,000 July week 70,000 60,000 July week SCGTs Hydro 50,000 50,000 MW 40,000 MW 40,000 Solar Combined Cycle CSP Solar PV 30,000 30,000 Wind 20,000 Nuclear Steam Coal Wind Solar CSP w/ Storage Solar PV Combined Cycle 20,000 Coal 10,000 Gas Turbine Pumped Storage Hydro Hydro 10,000 0 M ON JUL 10 TUE JUL 11 WED JUL 12 THU JUL 13 FRI JUL 14 SAT JUL 15 SUN JUL 16 0 Nuclear MON JUL 10 TUE JUL 11 WED JUL 12 THU JUL 13 FRI JUL 14 SAT JUL 15 SUN JUL 16 Source: NREL Western Wind & Solar Integration Study 2/23/2012 9

10 Distribution of Extreme Hourly Net Load Deltas 30% Wind Penetration Scenario SA Baseline SA L-W-S (10%) SA L-W-S (20%) SA L-W-S (30%) Number of 1-Hr Deltas For 30% penetration, 5 down-ramps of 4200 MW/ hr or more Curtail wind To increase reserves For baseline, 3 down-ramps of 4200 MW/ hr or more Curtail load To reduce need for additional resources For baseline, 9 up-ramps of 3400 MW/ hr or more For 30% penetration, 108 up-ramps of 3400 MW/ hr or more MW Demand-side participation could alleviate need for additional resources to cover large infrequent events 2/23/

11 Grid challenges with integration of local energy and load resources Frequency performance under large generation/load swings Integration of renewables can impact grid stability Distribution protection and controls often inadequate for distributed generation Supervisory level controls needed to realize full operating potential Frequency (Hz) 2/23/

12 Example: Hawaii; High Penetration Renewables Issues Hawi 10.5MW V47 660kW Lalamilo 1.5MW Jacobs 20kW South Point 20.5MW GE 1.5MW Big Island 180 MW Load Wind 24hr Power (MW) Day ~ 15% Night ~ 30% Energy (MWh) 2007 ~ 14% System Impact 21 MW 0 Grid Frequency Apollo HRD ~1.5hr 60Hz 59.8 Uncontrolled ramp-down impacting system frequency Potential for triggering under-frequency load shedding Wear and tear on thermal assets Heatrate concerns due to spinning reserve Constrained Systems More Susceptible to Penetration Issues 2/23/

13 Example: Oahu Wind Integration Study State of Hawaii has Ambitious renewable energy targets Relatively high cost of energy About 1200MW peak load on Oahu Study examined the integration of 500MW of wind + 100MW solar Oahu 100MW Wind 100MW PV subsea cables Lanai 200MW Wind ~30km Molokai 200MW Wind Scenario Title Oahu Wind Lanai Molokai Solar PV Oahu Baseline 2014 Baseline Scenario #1 Big Wind Oahu only 100MW MW Scenario #2 Big Wind Oahu + Lanai only 100MW 400MW - 100MW US Department of Energy Scenario #3 Big Wind Oahu + Lanai + Molokai 100MW 200MW 200MW 100MW 13

14 GE Power Systems Analysis Tools Positive Sequence Load Flow (GE PSLF TM ) Long-term Dynamic Simulations (GE PSLF TM ) These four tools can be used together to quantify the impacts of wind power on the power system 1 sec 1 min 10 min 1 hr 1 day 1 wk Voltage Support Inertia Governor Respons e AGC Regulation Economic Dispatch Planning GE Interhour Screening Tool TM Multi-Area Production Simulation (GE MAPS TM ) 14

15 Power Systems Modeling for Maui 2/23/

16 Oahu System Baseline (No Wind or Solar) Typical week of operation MW Peaking Biodiesel CT (1) Diesel CT (2) Diesel Recip (4) 7 days Annual Energy Production, by type Cycling Oil Steam Turbine (6) Baseload Oil Steam (8) Coal (1) Oil Combined Cycle (1) Other (3) 16

17 Different Events Challenge the System 1. Sustained wind power drops over an hour Potentially challenge the system s up reserve 2. Sustained wind power drops within an hour Potentially challenge up ramp rate capability of thermal units 3. Volatile wind power changes Potentially challenge maneuvering capability of thermal units 4. Undersea cable trip contingency event Potentially cause large under-frequency events 5. Load rejection contingency event Potentially cause large over-frequency events 17

18 Transitioning to 25% energy from Renewables Week of Dec 19 Highest Curtailment Baseline No Wind or Solar High Renewables 600MW Wind & Solar Wind energy curtailment Week of Oct 10 Largest Wind Drop Largest hourly wind drop 7 days 7 days Thermal units are backed down, wind energy is sometimes curtailed at light load, and wind power changes are managed by ramping the thermal units 2/23/

19 Lessons Learned from Wind Studies System Cost Unserved Energy Missing Wind/Solar Target Higher Cost of Electricity Impediments Lack of transmission Lack of control area cooperation Market rules / contracts constraints Unobservable DG behind the fence Inflexible operation strategies during light load & high risk periods System Cost Impediments Succes s Factors Renewables (%) Success Factors Wind Forecasting Flexible Thermal fleet Faster quick starts Deeper turn-down Faster ramps More spatial diversity of wind/solar Grid-friendly wind and solar Demand response ancillary services Policy and load participation key to successful integration of wind and other renewables 19 7/15/2011

20 Lessons Learned from Island Systems Island Power Systems can accommodate high levels of wind penetration Wind generation can Greatly reduce variable cost of generation Greatly reduce fossil fuel consumption and GHG emissions Regulation and spinning reserve requirements may need to be more conservative than with large interconnected systems Careful definition of reserve requirements can greatly improve the economy of operation with wind Flexibility and dynamic performance of both wind plants and other generation is critical Advanced active and reactive control functionality in wind plants is essential Investment in thermal plant flexibility can be extremely valuable Demand response can enable economic and reliable operation 20

21 GE Energy Consulting Thank you!