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1 Contents About Our Project... 1 A) Plants growth performance using our produced organic fertilizer... 6 B) Plants lower performance without applying organic fertilizer... 6 Our Earlier Accomplishments that we used our Organic Fertilizer... 7 Re-vegetation of North America with Producing Energy Plants ( )... 7 Before our project... 7 After our project... 8 Ghana, West Africa ( ) A) Gold mine tailings in Ghana B) Cultivation of plants on contaminated soil: Our previous project in Ghana was to introduce plant and microbes interactions activities to remediate gold mine tailing in this region C) Established plants on concentrated tailings: Using native plant and microorganisms and coal mine waste enable soil to rebuild its biological features and accept plants to grow in it Republic of Turkey, land restoration of mine tailings ( ) A) The growth of plants with using our organic fertilizer B) The growth of plants without using organic fertilizer C) The mine tailings before the project: There are hundreds of mines abounded in Turkey and these abounded mines cause many environmental and health issues in the country. Our aim was to reuse in order to convert them to arable lands and agricultural farms. Initially we help farmers to provide energy crops such as Sorghum in the lands before it is ready for planting food crops D) Establishment of plants on non-irrigated land E) Fully grown energy crops to produce bioethanol or biogas at the end of the project F) The extended government remediation project on the mine tailings Republic of Bosnia, post-war reclamation of soil, ( ) A) Inoculation of plants with microorganisms B) Growth of plants on contaminated soil samples transferred from Bosnia C) Installation of the plants on the contaminated field site using organic fertilizer in Bosnia The analyses of our organic fertilizer The Procedures of the project for 1000 tons of fertilizer Application methods About Us Assistant Professor Dr. M. Ali KHALVATI... Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış. Ph. D. Candidate Kamil ÇÖLLÜ... Hata! Yer işareti tanımlanmamış. i

2 About Our Project There are hundreds of closed Coal-fired Generating Stations (GS) in North America such as Nanticoke coal power in Ontario. The disposal of the coal ash and coal waste is not very easy as it can be leaching into the rivers and lakes and causing severe environmental disasters. Our technology is enabling us to convert coal ash and remind waste from Coal-fired Generating Stations (GS) into a type of organic fertilizer. Our produced organic fertilizer content high amount of Humic acid and beneficial organic matters to contribute plants and trees' growth in the harsh environmental conditions such as hot and dry environmental conditions, contaminated and abounded mines and agricultural lands by heavy metals and oil spills etc. Coal ash is the major waste in power generation stations (GS) in North America However, coal ash technically is not useful in agriculture and can occur significant pollution in soil structure and destroy green covers of lands 1

3 Energy production through opencast coal mining and coal-fired power stations has transformed the landscape on the Mpumalanga Highveld and filled the atmosphere with smog. Photo: Melissa Fourie/CER Coal ash and coal waste the most massive non-usable material which is an outcome of power generation stations (GS) in our region in Nanticoke 2

4 Coal ash is the raw material for our organic fertilizer using microorganism to convert raw carbon to soil humic acid and useful organic material for plants and crops growth 3

5 Closed Coal-fired generating stations (GS) and our place is ready to put the organic fertilizer facility 4

6 Coal power generation waste as a raw material for our organic fertilizer Environmental disasters triggered by mining sectors and their activities are rising dramatically around the world. Various mining sectors including coal and metals mining sectors have a distinctive place in North America and particularly in Canada. Ontario region is nominated as one of the most important places where coal and metals mining industries had started for thousands of years ago and continued throughout the last 300 years. Investigations about mines revealed that tremendously high toxic and acidic contaminates ruin the agricultural lands and forests due to long time ore excavation and operation using toxic compounds including cyanide. Therefore, environmental effects of the exploitation of these deposits are usually negative for the forests, agricultural lands and neighbor residents. In terrestrial ecosystems, plant soil interactions are the foundation for effective and sustained achievement by reusing mine tailings to convert the deposits to nutrients for crops. This can be possible by promoting certain soil microorganism and host plant to convert and composite lignite mine spoil into the humic acid to produce organic fertilizer. Recently, we have achieved a successful testing of reuse coal ash and mine tailings to produce organic fertilizer by utilizing this method. This is also possible by introducing a novel biomonitoring tool, GLOMALIN, (glomalin-related soil protein-grsp) a type of soil protein which can be released by plantmicrobe symbiotic interaction phenomena in the high lignite coal mine tailings. Our system can provide thousands of tons of organic fertilizer from abandoned and/or acidic mine tailings and help farmers who exposed to mining activities. 5

7 You can easily see the difference when we use our organic fertilizer. A) Plants growth performance using our produced organic fertilizer Plants growth performance using our organic fertilizer B) Plants lower performance without applying organic fertilizer Plants without using organic fertilizer 6

8 Our Earlier Accomplishments that we used our Organic Fertilizer Re-vegetation of North America with Producing Energy Plants ( ) In the North Ontario many abounded mines have extremely negative impact on neighborhood community member s health due to heavy metals leaching into the nearby rivers and lakes. Our recent project was conducted to re-vegetate one of those hundreds abounded mine using organic fertilizer to provide an optimal condition for growing plants and eventually reforesting projects. Our target mine has been abounded for almost 40 years and no remediation activity was successfully approached any significant achievement. The initiative approach shows that our organic fertilizer could help plants to grow in such a harsh soil contamination and hope for successful further re-vegetation processes. Before our project Contaminated Abounded mine tailings land in North America 7

9 After our project Initial planning for revegetation processes Plants grown in the contaminated soil using organic fertilizer 8

10 Legume plants are well-known as Nitrogen fixer that makes them able to grow in the contaminated soil using organic fertilizer Before using Coal and microorganisms to the soil Sample Cu Ni Co Cd Pb Zn Cr As ph ug/g 163±5 9±5 17.6±3 3.8±1 30.6±1 240±15 20±1 109± After experiment (process period: 24 months) Sample Cu Ni Co Cd Pb Zn Cr As ph ug/g 80±10 5.5± ±2 2.0± ±1.8 55±11 12±0.6 63±

11 Ghana, West Africa ( ) Phytoremediation of soil contaminated by gold mine tailings. Ghana: Cyanide Spill Worst Disaster Ever in West African Nation. A) Gold mine tailings in Ghana Gold mine tailings in Ghana 10

12 B) Cultivation of plants on contaminated soil: Our previous project in Ghana was to introduce plant and microbes interactions activities to remediate gold mine tailing in this region. Cultivation of energy plants (Jatropha) on contaminated soil 11

13 C) Established plants on concentrated tailings: Using native plant and microorganisms and coal mine waste enable soil to rebuild its biological features and accept plants to grow in it. Establishing plants on concentrated tailings Project duration: Using coal fertilizer in contaminated soil in Ghana: The following results shows that using coal fertilizer control the heavy metals uptake by plant as the plants are able to select nutrients from coal fertilizer as well as enhancing soil characterization in terms of adjusting soil ph Therefore, using coal fertilizer help plants to grow in contaminated soil with rather low metals and pollution uptake in the biomass. Metal concentration ratio of plant roots to soil Ag mg/kg biomass Pb As Cd Soil ph Control 33±2 20±4 18±1 50±5 2.9 Application of coal ferti 10±3 12±2 9±5 28±

14 Republic of Turkey, land restoration of mine tailings ( ) A) The growth of plants with using our organic fertilizer The growth of energy plants (Sorghum) with using our organic fertilizer B) The growth of plants without using organic fertilizer The growth of energy plant (Sorghum) without using organic fertilizer 13

15 C) The mine tailings before the project: There are hundreds of mines abounded in Turkey and these abounded mines cause many environmental and health issues in the country. Our aim was to reuse in order to convert them to arable lands and agricultural farms. Initially we help farmers to provide energy crops such as Sorghum in the lands before it is ready for planting food crops. The mine tailings before the project D) Establishment of plants on non-irrigated land Establishment of plants on non-irrigated land 14

16 E) Fully grown energy crops to produce bioethanol or biogas at the end of the project Fully grown energy plant (Sorghum) at the end of the project F) The extended government remediation project on the mine tailings The extended government remediation project on the mine tailings 15

17 Republic of Bosnia, post-war reclamation of soil, ( ): State farms cultivate 6% of the land. Market share is low due to post-war damages of market outlets and subsistence needs. Our previous project was to decontaminate agricultural soil from heavy explosion materials and provide a safety environment to reproduce plants and trees during post war in Bosnia. A) Inoculation of plants with microorganisms Inoculation of plants with microorganisms B) Growth of plants on contaminated soil samples transferred from Bosnia Growth of plants on contaminated soil samples transferred from Bosnia 16

18 C) Installation of the plants on the contaminated field site using organic fertilizer in Bosnia Installation of the plants on the contaminated field site using organic fertilizer in Bosnia Using coal fertilizer in contaminated soil in Bosnia: The following results shows that using coal fertilizer control the heavy metals uptake by plant as the plants are able to select nutrients from coal fertilizer. Therefore, using coal fertilizer help plants to grow in contaminated soil with rather low metals and pollution uptake in the biomass. Plant Metal concentration ratio of plant roots to soil mg/kg biomass Metal concentration ratio of plant shoots to roots mg/kg biomass Alfalafa As Co Cr Pb As Co Cr Pb Control using coal ferti Red clover Control using coal ferti Forage mix Control using coal ferti Soil ph

19 The analyses of our organic fertilizer ph: 6.3 Humic Acid%: 44±5 K2Oppm: 24 Total N%: 5.6 (38ppm) P2O5 ppm: 48 ppm The Procedures of the project for 1000 tons of fertilizer A) 3 months for initial preparation B) 6 months for main production processes C) Total month for completing the production processes: 9 months Application methods 1. For flowers and household used: 1kg fertilizer for a 5kg pot 2. For greenhouse and plants nursery centers 1 ton per 1000m2 3. For open farms such as cereals and energy crops: 3 tons per 10000m2 4. For winery and gardens 4 tons per 10000m2 Note: This is an average number and the application is depending to your soil nutrient conditions. 18

20 About Us 19