POLYCITY Innovation Energy and environmental concepts of the POLYCITY project in Cerdanyola del Vallès CONCERTO POLYCITY

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1 POLYCITY Innovation Energy and environmental concepts of the POLYCITY project in Cerdanyola del Vallès CONCERTO POLYCITY

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3 The POLYCITY project 5 Energy supply in the Directional Centre 6 The Cerdanyola del Vallès polygeneration system 6 The district heating and cooling network 7 Incorporation of renewable energy sources 8 A sustainable urban development 9 The Synchrotron office building 10 La Clota residential building 12 The residential building within the Directional Centre 14 Monitoring of the implementation of the measures 16 Energy efficiency of the supply system 17 Reduction of energy demand of buildings 18

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5 The POLYCITY project The objective of the POLYCITY project, financed by the European Commission CONCERTO (VI Framework Programme) is to reduce the consumption of fossil and non-renewable fuels by means of: demand of buildings energy efficiency of energy production and supply systems (polygeneration) renewable energy systems. The research developed in the framework of the project focuses on technological innovation that enables energy saving. In this sense, simulation processes are used to optimise energy production and to improve the design of buildings. POLYCITY respectively supports different aspects of the urban development of three European cities: new buildings and polygeneration system in the Directional Centre of Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), rehabilitation of the Arquata district of Turin, and new buildings and improvement of the supply in Scharnhauser Park, a former military zone near Stuttgart. POLYCITY s innovation and demonstration in these three urban areas are managed by the different regional partners that ensure the effective exploitation and dissemination of the results. At the halfway stage of the five-year period of the project it is interesting to publish the preliminary technical results by means of this leaflet. For further information, please contact the Directional Centre Urban Development Consortium. Contact Consorci Urbanístic del Centre Direccional de Cerdanyola del Vallès Passeig d Horta E Cerdanyola del Vallès Tel. (+34) correu@consorcicd.org POLICITY projects are located in Germany, Italy and Spain 5

6 Energy supply in the Directional Centre Cogeneration engine Jenbacher JMS MW Polygeneration plant ST.04 model (Photomontage) The Cerdanyola del Vallès polygeneration system The Cerdanyola del Vallès Directional Centre project incorporates a highly efficient system for simultaneously producing electricity, heating and cooling. This polygeneration system represents a step forward in terms of the district s energy efficiency. On the one hand, the distributed production of electricity reduces losses through transportation; on the other hand the transformation of residual heat from the cogeneration engines into useful thermal energy (heating and cooling for air conditioning) provides a major saving in primary energy consumption with respect to conventional systems of producing useful thermal energy from the electricity network. Additionally, polygeneration contributes to energy supply safety and diversification. The polygeneration system to be implemented in the Directional Centre is made up of 4 cogeneration plants, mainly using natural gas, with an electrical also include single -and doubleeffect absorption chillers to take advantage of part of the heat given off by the engines for the production of cold water. Another part of the heat from the engines will be used to produce hot water by means of heat recovery boilers. Both the cold water and the hot water are distributed by means of a district heating and cooling network that will satisfy most of the air conditioning needs of the Directional Centre. This system will also include renewable energy sources represented by a biomass gasification plant and a solar thermal plant, as described in the following section. A communal energy management system will be incorporated to integrate production and energy demand in order to optimise exploitation. The design, implementation and exploitation of this polygeneration system by means of a 30-year 6

7 concession will be carried out by a mixed-capital company. This polygeneration system will be implemented in several stages, according to the progress of the urban development. All the measures within the Polycity project will be implemented in the first phase, represented by plants ST-04 and ST-02, which are currently under construction. The district heating and cooling network The Cerdanyola del Vallès Directional Centre project includes providing the area with a heating and cooling distribution network that will supply hot and cold water to the buildings in the Science and Technology park, including the Synchrotron building as well as commercial and public buildings. This 4-pipe network (2 pipes for hot water and 2 for cold water) has been designed to interconnect the 4 polygeneration plants according to criteria of maximum availability and modularity and it will have a length of approximately 31 km. For safety reasons, the Synchrotron Alba building will have a direct connection to the ST-4 plant. The pipes will be ST.37 steel pre-insulated with injected polyurethane, an aluminium diffusion layer and a high-density polyethylene external protection layer. The diameters will range from DN 100 (200 mm ext.) to DN 800 (1000 mm ext.). DHC network. Pipes instalation DHC network location of polygeneration plant ST-02 ST-03 ST-04 ST-06 7

8 Incorporation of renewable energy sources Biomass gasification The term biomass refers to plants or animal organic material, including materials from natural or artificial transformation. The Cerdanyola del Vallès project will use biomass gasification from a different source: waste furniture, waste industrial pallets and/or byproducts from the agricultural and food industry. Gasification is a thermo-chemical process that transforms biomass into a gas called syngas. The biomass gasification plant includes a gasifier for the processes of drying, pyrolysis, combustion and reduction to produce the syngas, which is mainly carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This gas is subsequently used, mixed with natural gas, in a cogeneration engine to produce electricity and useful thermal energy. The gasification plant is planned to have a capacity of 1000 kg/h of biomass, which will allow an In order to guarantee the economic viability of the plant, it will run for approximately 7500 h/year. Solar energy for cooling Combining thermal solar energy with thermal cooling equipment produces solar climatization systems. These systems have the great virtue of satisfying the maximum cooling demand when most solar energy is available, i.e. in summer. It is used as a source of renewable energy that enables there to be a reduction in the use of fossil fuels and consequently CO 2 emissions. In Cerdanyola de Vallès a solar thermal plant with a surface area of 1600 m² is to be constructed with flat plate solar collectors. These collectors will be connected to adsorption chillers with a to obtain an annual production to be distributed by the district heating and cooling network. (Left) Biomass (Right) Solar Collectors 8

9 A sustainable urban development The second area of work and research to save energy in the urban development to be carried out by POLYCITY is the significant reduction of the energy demand of buildings. This set of buildings, if no energy saving measures were applied to their design, would generate a significant additional energy demand that would need to be reduced. In this sense, POLYCITY establishes the following energy demand objectives (see table). The achievement of these objectives would mean a total energy saving and CO 2 emissions reduction in the Directional Centre buildings of about 20% and 30%. The current Partial Plan establishes that the new urban development is based on energy saving and low environmental impact. In fact, its regulations define a series of energy saving and efficiency measures to ensure that new buildings have low energy consumption and consequently low CO 2 emissions. In this sense, the POLYCITY project provides technical and financial support to allow the first two buildings that are being constructed in the Directional Centre to incorporate different measures that enable a reduction in the buildings energy consumption and become useful experiences for the rest of the buildings that will be constructed in this area. Furthermore, the buildings have been simulated using EnergyPlus software in order to verify the energy requirements of the project. The buildings have also been analysed to ensure the compliance with applicable regional and national regulations. Demand objectives (kwh/m 2 ) Office buildings Residential buildings Demand type Heating 40,5 43 Thermal Cooling 54 7 Thermal Lighting 25,5 3 Electric Equipment 34,5 47 Electric A built area of 1,910,512 m 2 is planned as follows: m 2 residential (3,300 residences) 1,320,512 m 2 science and technology park 103,464 m 2 commercial use 35,759 m 2 equipment Synchrotron building "La Clota" residential building The residential building within the Directional Center 9

10 The Synchrotron office building The office building (4,054 m 2 ) of the Synchrotron Light Laboratory constitutes the first specific example of the application of measures to reduce energy demand. The developer of the building is CELLS (Consortium for the Construction, Equipment and Exploitation of the Synchrotron Light Laboratory es) and the architectural and engineering team is the company ( The energy efficiency measures that have been incorporated into the executive project are: Office building of Synchrotron Thermal behaviour facade Layer high performance SUN-GUARD Outside LOW E 1.1N GUARDIAN Inside Layer high performance SUN-GUARD Outside LOW E 1.1N GUARDIAN Inside Reflected Energy Transmited Energy + = 24% Absorved Energy Transmited Energy + Absorved Energy Reflected Energy 10

11 South façade: The main façade faces south and this provides a significant reduction in the heating demand but also an increase in the cooling demand. In order to avoid this, the façade will have a solar protection system. Building envelope: The main façade of the building is made of glass with low thermal transmittance. This means that, as shown in the figure (page10), the façade reduces the transmission of energy by radiation and conduction with respect to conventional glass. Connection to the district heating and cooling network: This building will consume thermal energy produced by the ST-4 cogeneration plant distributed by the district heating and cooling network. Synchrotron building plants Ground floor First floor Second floor Basement plant 11

12 La Clota residential building One of the residential buildings in the POLYCITY project is Clota Social Residences Block B, developed by the public company INCASOL and designed by architect Jaime Pastor Sánchez. The building (see general layout and apartment in the picture) has a built area of 2,786 m 2 and has 53 dwellings of between 40 and 43 m 2 each. These dwellings are designed to be rented to young people. ventilation have been designed in the south of the building. of the building has a high level of insulation and the windows have mobile solar protection systems. have been designed with an intermediate space that contains devices to create and regulate natural ventilation in in summer. The energy efficiency measures applied to the building are: orientation: Galleries that in winter allow the interior of the residences to be heated by means of greenhouse effect and in summer favour natural "La Clota" residential building works (next page left) General layout and dwelling (next page right) Thermal operation 12

13 Summer day Summer night winter day 13

14 The residential building within the Directional Centre The second residential building of the POLYCITY project has 24 subsidised dwellings to be rented to families and it is located in plot R of the Directional Centre. It is also being developed by the public company INCASOL and it has been designed by the Frutos-Sanmartin firm of architects. The building (see the general layout in next page) has a built area of 2,172 m 2 with residences with a net usable area of between 71 and 77 m 2 each. The energy efficiency measures applied to the building are: Location Plan Directional Center Buildings works 14

15 Building envelope There is additional insulation made of recycled materials that will provide lower thermal transmittance than that demanded by the POLYCITY project and the national regulations. 2 K 2 K 2 K Trombe Wall All the windows will be double glazed with a thermal 2 K. Trombe wall All the residences have Trombe wall modules in the southern façade for preheatin in winter and ventilation in summer. Summer Natural Ventilation All the residences have been designed to facilitate natural ventilation, with windows on both façades and with access to a chimney with a manual opening. General Layout 15

16 Monitoring of the implementation of the measures One of the strictest requirements of the EC is that all POLYCITY measures must be monitored for a minimum period of one year in order to evaluate their effectiveness with real data. This monitoring can be structured into two main types: energy supply system demand of the buildings The Cerdanyola SIE has been conceived to improve the operational performance of the whole energy production and demand system. The data obtained can be used to calculate the best operational conditions from the economic and environmental perspectives GRID 90 ºC 70 ºC NATURAL GAS WOOD WASTE SOLAR ENERGY 16

17 Energy efficiency of the supply system The supply system shown in the next figure is composed of different equipment financed by POLYCITY, whose operation and efficiency will be monitored. This equipment is: the biomass gasification system, the solar collectors, the adsorption and absorption chillers, the cogeneration system and the storage and distribution systems. the supply system, the efficiency of the use of biomass and solar energy will be analysed in depth. The management, supervision and control of the generation system, the heating and cooling network and the energy demand are integrated within the Cerdanyola del Vallès Energy Information System (SIE). 12 ºC 6 ºC 70 ºC 60 ºC 30 ºC 25 ºC 17

18 Monitoring System of the residential buildings Reduction of energy demand of buildings In order to monitor the energy efficiency of the buildings, the POLYCITY project supports the monitoring of the three demonstration buildings by measuring the monthly values of heating demand, demand for hot water, the electrical demand for lighting and the demand of other electrical equipment. All data from the meters will be sent to the project coordinator by modem for scientific analysis. Additionally, there will be monitoring of the heating and cooling systems of the buildings connected to the Directional Centre heating and cooling network. In fact, this data will be integrated into the Cerdanyola del Vallès Energy Information System, which has been created by Cerdanyola Council with the support of the Department of the Environment and Housing. This system has been designed by the International Technical University of Catalonia and the company Gassó Serveis for the government. Clima DHV Modul 3 Appartment 3 Modul 2 Appartment 2 Modul 1 Clima Modul Plant DHV Modul Plant Appartment 1 Terminal Remote Monitoring Energy production plant Manager Installing Energy Internet 18

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20 Generalitat de Catalunya Departament de Medi Ambient i Habitatge CERDANYOLA DEL VALLÈS DIRECTIONAL CENTRE URBAN DEVELOPMENT CONSORTIUM