Overview of Algal Biofuel Technology Development in Taiwan

Transcription

1 2011 International Workshop on Microalgal Biofuel Technology Overview of Algal Biofuel Technology Development in Taiwan Dr. Hom-Ti Lee ( 李宏台 ) New Energy Technology Division Green Energy & Environment Research Labs, ITRI Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 1 Who We Are Industrial Technological Research Institute (ITRI) ITRI s missions An innovative world-class institution that creates technological value Bedrock for every technological entrepreneur start-up Welcoming work environment that all employees are proud of Focus Area Founded in A not-for-profit R&D organization that serves to strengthen the technological competitiveness of Taiwan. Information and Communications Electronics and Optoelectronics Nanotechnology, Material & Chemical Energy and Environment Advanced Manufacturing and Systems Biomedical Technology What We Do Advanced Tech R&D + Industrial Services + IP Business & New Ventures Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 2

2 ITRI Who We Are Where Taiwan s High-tech Began Total Staff: 5,724 Total Patents: 15,040 R&D Staff : 4,931 Spin-offs : 165 Ph.D. : 1,212 Update: March 4, 2011 Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 3 Pros & Cons of Biofuel Reduce oil dependence Easy to store High energy density Cascade production Low energy efficiency PV :10-15% Light cane (3.7%) ethanol (~0.3%) Fuel vs. Food issue Net carbon reduction Ref.: Morimitsu (2007) Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 4

3 Microalgae a potential feedstock Land required to replace 50% of the usage using soybean, jatropha and algae Mandatory B2 program ~ 100 million liters per year mainly produced from recycled cooking oil Future plan: Mandatory B5 in 2016 (under review) What will be next generation feedstock? Land required for replacing 50% of diesel consumption in Taiwan Microalgae (20 g/m 2 30% TAG) 151,515 ha Microalgae (50 g/m 2 50% TAG) 36,364 ha Soybean (450 L/ha/yr) 6,666,667 ha Jatropha (1,900 L/ha/yr) 1,578,947 ha Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 5 Technological Challenges Biology Algae strain for high yield Systems biology for lipid production Crop protection resistance to chytrid fungi or virus Engineering Optimizing sustainable cultivation and production systems in large scale field Water treatment Biomass concentrated/dewatering Nutrient/water recycling Energy consumption Site selection Economics viable fuels and coproducts Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 6

4 Cost Issue NREL High NREL Medium NREL Low Solix (phase 2) Solix (phase 1) Solix (c urrent) Solzyme (target) Low Solzyme (target) H igh Petroalgae (target) Seambiotic Sandia High Sandia Low Aurora (target) H igh Aurora (target) Low Chis ti (2007) High Chisti (2007) Low ASP(adjusted to 2006) TAG Cost U SD /gallon Ref.: adapted from National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap (Draft), USDOE, 2009 and publically available estimates Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 7 Production Cost: Sensitivity Analysis Ref. 2010, NREL, A REPORT TO IEA BIOENEGY TASK 39 Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 8

5 Research Programs in Taiwan Funding agencies Bureau of Energy, MOEA National Science Council Research organizations: ITRI, Fisheries Research Institute Academic Academia Sinica Universities Industry CPC, Taiwan China Steel Corp. Taiwan Power Biodiesel producers Others Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 9 Research Focus in NEP Strain screening High oil content Resistance to the impurities in flue gas and high CO 2 conc. Microalgal oil production Chlorella vulgaris ESP L (50 L x 3) outdoors Lipid productivity: 50 mg/l/d Biofixation of flue gas CO 2 Co-operated with China Steel Co. Thermophilic (> 70 o C) and alkaliphilic (ph > 8.5) strains (cyanbacteria) were isolated Biodiesel production Development of heterogeneous catalysis CO 2 capture & Microalgae cultivation Lipid-rich Microalgae Strain improvement Chemical or physical treatment Photo- bioreactor Product extraction Lipid/oil Fatty acid Applications Biodiesel CO 2 CO 2 fixation from flue gas Mutation Genetic engineering Harvest & Separation Reducing sugar Biomass residue Protein Bioethanol Animal feed Pigment Health food Source: Prof. Jo-Shu Chang, NCKU Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 10

6 Microalgal Biofuel Project in ITRI Team Work and Collaboration Strain Development Cultivation Harvest/ Dewater Extraction Microalgal Oil Strains Isolation Molecular Biology in Cyanobacteria Molecular Biology in Chlorella Cultivation Strategies PBR Development Raceway system Development Harvest/Cell Disruption/Oil Extraction Technologies System Integration System Simulation ITRI GEL/MCL Academia Sinica NCU( 中央大學 ) NREL DYU( 大葉大學 ) MCUT( 明志科大 ) ITRI/GEL FRI/TBRC( 水試所東港生技中心 ) NTU( 台灣大學 ) ITRI GEL/MCL/MSL NCKU( 成功大學 ) Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 11 Development Strategies in ITRI 8.7 Wh/g (50% oil, 20% protein, 30% carbohydrate) 7 7 Wh/g (40% oil, 30% protein, 30% carbohydrate) Energy Input (Wh/g) % Strain Improvement Cultivation Strategies Energy Content ~5.33 Wh/g* of Algae~10% oil) Extraction Energy 0.1% 0.15% 0.7% 2% FLOC and 8% 50% Thermal Settle Belt Filter Press Drying Pond FLOC is pumpable Multi-layers Belt Filtration FLOC is Not pumpable Dewatering Energy Estimate Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 12 15% 0.1% 0.5% 1% 10% 50% 100% Biomass Concentration Modified from 2009, USDOE National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap (DRAFT) Drying Energy Wet Extraction?

7 Overview of Downstream Processes in ITRI Focus on energy saving, water recovery, high-value chemical extraction and cost competitiveness Key components need further development Conventional Process Energy Input: ~12000 kcal/kg Microalgae Culture Filtration/ Centrifugation Multi-Layer Filter Drying Disruption Disruption Solvent Extraction High Pressure CO 2 Extraction Microalgal Oil ITRI s Energy Saving Process Energy Input: ~3800 kcal/kg Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 13 Overview of Microalgae Cultivation in ITRI MJ/m 2 /yr In Taiwan Sun L Open Pond 4-12 g/m 2 /day, 0.4 g/l PAR ( nm) 45.8% Photon Transmission 90% 2. 1,500L PBR 30 g/m 2 /day, ~1.5 g/l strains, some of them Crude lipid > 30% 41.2% 光子利用 50% 20.6% Conversion to CH 2 O: 26.7% 5.5% 3. Swine wastewater cultivation: ~4 g/l Biomass Accumulation 60% 6. Engineered Chlorella TAG > 40% 3.3% ~40 g/m 2 /day Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 14

8 Swine Wastewater Cultivation Cell Density (OD 685 ) Replace 60 % Time (day) Replace 10 % Replace 10% of medium Most of the strains tested grow well. N. oculata. and Chlorella G2-1 can grow better, crude lipid are 60 wt.% and 36 wt.%, respectively. Replace 60% of medium Biomass conc. ~ 4g/L Growth rate Lipid content N. oculata 0.8 g L -1 day wt.% Chlorella sp g L -1 day wt.% C. minutissima 0.85 g L -1 day wt.% : ITRI 01 : ITRI 03 : ITRI 05 : N. oculata : Chlorella sp. : C. minutissima : Chlorella G2-1 : Chlorella Y8-1 Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 15 Development of Genetic platform Increasing TAG Synthesis Efficiency A transformation tool has been Constructed TAG content can be increased from 20% to 40% by cloning TAG synthesis related gene Other Focuses Develop Chlorella-based genetic platform Establish algal lipid secretion machinery TAG (%) TAG (%) Gene source:saccharomyces Gene source:chlamydomonas 0 Wild type G3PDH GPAT LPAAT PAP Effect of single gene overexpression on TAG synthesis Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 16

9 Concluding Remarks Microalgae possesses great potential in replacing fossil fuel, but cost higher than vegetable oil or diesel Need intensive R&D International collaboration on capacity building and technology transfer Alignment of biofuel and other related sectors Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 17 Thank you for your attention Contact: Financial support provided by the Bureau of Energy, MOEA, is acknowledged Copyright 2011 ITRI 工業技術研究院 18