Department of Energy Priorities and Goals

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1 Department of Energy Priorities and Goals "Developing the next generation of biofuels is key to our effort to end our dependence on foreign oil and address the climate crisis --while creating millions of new jobs that can't be outsourced. With American investment and ingenuity --and resources grown right here at home --we can lead the way toward a new green energy economy." Secretary of Energy Steven Chu Advancing Presidential Objectives Science & Discovery Connecting basic and applied bioscience Conducting breakthrough R&D: Advances in enzymes and catalysts fermentation Engineering of new microorganisms Clean, Secure Energy Developing & demonstrating cellulosic and advanced biofuels, biorefineries and systems to support the Renewable Fuels Standard Economic Prosperity Creating 50 to 75 jobs per new biorefinery (based on commercial-scale facilities) Reinvigorating rural economies Supporting the emerging U.S. bioenergy industry and market Climate Change Reducing GHG emissions by 60% for cellulosic biofuels and 50% with advanced biofuels (relative to gasoline) Validating and demonstrating low-carbon power generation technologies Influencing development of criteria and indicators for sustainable biofuel production 1 Displacing a Barrel of Crude Advanced biofuels and products are needed to displace the entire barrel Heavy duty/diesel and jet fuel substitutes are needed to displace other components of the barrel Cellulosic ethanol displaces light duty gasoline fraction only Source: Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Explained and AEO2009, Updated (post-arra), Reference Case. 2

2 Strategic Focus: Biofuels and Biopower Feedstock Supply Biofuels Production Biofuels Distribution Biofuels End Use Expanding and diversifying the portfolio to include feedstocks and technologies for renewable hydrocarbon fuels (diesel/gasoline/jet fuel) as well as cellulosic ethanol Leveraging biochemical and thermochemical conversion technology developments from cellulosic ethanol to other advanced biofuels as well as products and power Deploying first-of-a-kind facilities and encouraging strong industry partnerships 3 Biomass Program Mission, Objectives, Goals Develop and transform our renewable and abundant biomass resources into cost competitive, high performance biofuels, bioproducts, and biopower. BIOFUELS TARGETS At a modeled cost for mature technology: $1.76/gallon cellulosic ethanol by 2012 $2.85/gallon renewable gasoline by 2017 $2.84/gallon renewable diesel by 2017 $2.76/gallon renewable jet by 2017 Support the Renewable Fuels Standard volumetric requirements Research, Development, and Demonstration Feedstocks Biochemical and Thermochemical Conversion Biopower Biofuels Bioproducts Integrated Biorefineries Infrastructure Crosscutting Activities Analysis, Sustainability, Strategic Partnerships, Stakeholder Communications and Outreach 4

3 Biomass Program Budget Millions 5 Recovery Act Funding and Initiatives $800 Million in Funding to Biomass Program $509M Pilot and Demonstration-Scale Biorefineries Validate technologies for integrated production of advanced biofuels, products, and power to enable financing and replication. In 2009, DOE selected - 12 pilot-scale projects for up to $25M each - 4 demonstration-scale projects for up to $50M - 2 research and development projects for $2.5M each $82M Commercial-Scale Biorefineries Increase in funding for one previously awarded project to expedite construction and accelerate commissioning and start-up $107M Fundamental Research $18M: Integrated Process Development Unit $5M: Sustainability research with Office of Science, National Laboratory, university, and USDA partners $35M: National Advanced Biofuels Consortium to accelerate demonstration $49M: National Alliance for Advanced (Algal) Biofuels and Biofuels Products Consortium to accelerate demonstration $20M Ethanol Infrastructure Research Optimize flex-fuel vehicles operating on E85 Evaluate impacts of intermediate blends on conventional vehicles Upgrade existing infrastructure for compatibility with E85 $14M NREL Integrated Biorefinery Research Facility: expand the pretreatment capacity $68M SBIR and Program Direction 6

4 Our Commitment to Sustainability Develop and invest in the resources, technologies, and systems needed for biofuels to grow in a way that enhances the health of our environment and protects our planet. Environmental Sustainability Economic Sustainability Social Sustainability Feedstock Supply Biomass-to-Bioenergy Supply Chain Conversion Distribution End Use Field-based research to evaluate nutrient and carbon cycling Collecting biomass physical and chemical properties impacting land use sustainability Minimizing water consumption and air pollution, maximizing efficiency Monitoring and improving the carbon footprint of new facilities; promoting coproduct utilization and fully integrated systems Ensuring minimal greenhouse gas emissions and avoidance of negative impacts on human health Cross-cutting Life cycle analysis of water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions; land use 7 change modeling; water quality analysis of biofuels Feedstock Supply R&D Regional Feedstock Bioenergy Crop Trials 8

5 Feedstock Logistics Ongoing feedstock logistics projects are developing systems to better handle and deliver high tonnage biomass feedstocks (August 2009 awards) Agco Corporation of Duluth, GA (up to $5 million) for agricultural residues Auburn University of Auburn, Alabama (up to $4.9 million) for woody biomass FDC Enterprises Inc. of Columbus, Ohio (up to $4.9 million) for energy crops Genera Energy, LLC of Knoxville, Tennessee (up to $4.9 million) for energy crops The SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry of Syracuse, New York (up to $1.3 million) for woody biomass Deployable Process Demonstration Unit (PDU) to bridge gap between producers and refineries The PDU will allow biorefinery partners to test supply system concepts and reduce feedstock supply risks and allow equipment partners to test new designs and deploy new technologies in the context of an integrated supply system. Will produce engineered feedstocks that meets commodity-scale performance metrics and advanced conversion characteristics. 9 Exploring Routes to Convert Biomass Feedstock Production & Logistics Energy crops Forest Residue Agricultural wastes Algae Integrated Biorefineries Biochemical Conversion Pretreatment & Conditioning Enzymatic Sugars Hydrolysis Enzyme Production Thermochemical Conversion Upgrading Fast Liquid Zeolite Cracking Pyrolysis Bio-oil Hydrogenolysis Gasification Lipid (Oil) Extraction Syngas Algal Oil Distillation Fermentation By-Products Wastes/Residue Fischer Tropsch Alcohol Synthesis Transesterification Fractionation R E F I N I N G DDGS Lignin (for power) Ethanol Butanol Olefins Gasoline Diesel Others Research on multiple conversion pathways aims to improve the efficiency and economics of bioenergy production. 10

6 NABC Research Strategies Project Objective: Develop cost-effective technologies that supplement petroleumderived fuels with advanced drop-in biofuels that are compatible with today s transportation infrastructure and are produced in a sustainable manner. ARRA Funded: DOE Funding $33.8M/Cost Share $12.5M over 3 years NABC matrix of technology and strategy teams will ensure development of complete integrated processes Consortium Leads: NREL, PNNL Consortium Partners: Albemarle, Amyris, ANL, BP Products, Catchlight, Colorado School of Mines, Iowa State Univ., LANL, Pall, RTI, Tesoro, UC Davis, UOP, Virent, Washington State Univ. 11 Algal Biofuels: Range of Feedstocks, Systems, Processes, and Products 12

7 Biofuels Consortia: Algal Biofuels R&D Breaking down critical barriers to the commercialization of algae based biofuels such as green aviation fuels, diesel, and gasoline that can be transported and sold using today s existing fueling infrastructure. National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Sustainable Algal Biofuels Consortium Consortium for Algal Biofuels Commercialization Cellana, LLC Consortium 13 Algal Biofuel Systems: Technical Challenges Biology and Cultivation Energy efficient harvesting and dewatering systems Biomass extraction and fractionation Product purification A gasifier being used by a NAABB partner to convert algal biomass to fuels Cultivation system design Temperature Control Invasion and fouling Cultures Growth, stability, and resilience Input requirements CO 2, H 2 O sources, energy Nitrogen and phosphorous Siting and resources Biomass Harvesting and Recovery A nano-membrane filter being developed by a NAABB partner. Process optimization Thermochemical Biochemical Fuels characteristics Co-Products Conversion and End-use 14

8 Integrated Biorefinery (IBR) Description IBR Scale Description Feedstocks Fuel/Product R&D 2 projects Pilot Scale 12 projects Demonstration Scale 9 projects Commercial Scale 6 projects Includes R&D and a preliminary engineering design Processes a minimum of 1 dry tonne per day biomass and verifies the integrated performance of the given suite of technologies from both a technical and an economic perspective for the first time Working with projects to verify technologies from a technical and an economic perspective at a scale sufficient for a commercial facility Processes a minimum of 700 dry tonnes per day biomass and refers to a first-of-a-kind or beta commercial facility Poultry Fat, Woody Biomass, Ag Residue, Algal Oil Algae, CO 2, Woody Biomass, Sweet Sorghum, Corn Stover, Switchgrass, Energy Sorghum, Ag and Forestry Residue, Hybrid Poplar Wheat Straw, Corn Stover, Poplar Residues, Woody Biomass, Algae, Mill Residues, MSW, Ag and Forestry Residue Lignocellulosic Biomass, Corn Cobs, Woody Biomass, Mill Waste, Sorted MSW Renewable Fuels, Renewable Gasoline, Renewable Diesel Ethanol, Cellulosic Ethanol, Renewable Diesel, Jet Fuel, Renewable Diesel Cellulosic Ethanol, Renewable Sulfur-Free Diesel Fuel, Renewable Hydrocarbon Based Fuel, Renewable Gasoline, Renewable Diesel, Jet Fuel, Succinic Acid Cellulosic Ethanol, Ethanol, Methanol 15 Integrated Biorefinery Projects For more information visit: 16

9 Integrated Biorefineries Feedstock Conversion Intermediate Conversion Product Performer Agricultural Residues biochemical gasification pyrolysis sugar syngas oil fermentation catalysis ethanol diesel Abengoa, Poet, Verenium, ADM Ineos REII Forest Resources biochemical gasification pyrolysis sugar syngas oil fermentation catalysis ethanol gasoline diesel jet fuel Lignol, Mascoma, Pacific Ethanol RSA, API, Zeachem, Blue Fire Range Fuels Haldor Topsoe Clear Fuels New Page, Flambeau GTI, UOP Energy Crops / Grasses/ biochemical Sugar fermentation ethanol diesel succinic acid ICM, Logos Amyris Myriant 17 Integrated Biorefineries Feedstock Conversion Intermediate Conversion Product Performer open pond oil catalysis diesel jet fuel Sapphire Algae catalysis diesel jet fuel Solazymes Closed bioreactor oil transesterification metathesis biodiesel diesel jet fuel Elevance ethanol Algenol MSW gasification syngas catalysis ethanol Enerkem 18

10 Biopower Launch a new DOE initiative to accelerate, develop and deploy advanced biopower technologies over the next six years. Initiative will establish partnerships with industry and support efforts to: Conduct R&D on advanced pretreatment and conversion technologies by 2013 increase overall efficiency improve environmental performance decrease cost of biopower electricity Support pilot scale projects up to 30 MW Demonstrate utility scale, biomass repowering and high percentage co-firing (up to 25% biomass) with coal by Infrastructure Working with DOE Vehicle Technologies, and various offices at DOT, Infrastructure activities include: Distribution Patterns Gasoline and Ethanol* Research on the effects of Intermediate Ethanol Blends (E15 and E20) Deploying E85/Blender Pumps at retail stations nationwide Testing pipeline compatibility issues and analyzing the feasibility of a new dedicated pipeline Research on the testing, certification, and approval for commercial use of new biofuels and biofuels blends Whereas petroleum infrastructure is designed largely to transport gasoline from the Gulf Coast toward the interior of the country, ethanol must be transported from the Midwest to major product demand centers along East and West Coast of the United States. *Task Force on Biofuels Infrastructure, National Commission on Energy Policy, April 14,

11 Key Stakeholder Relationships DOE Bioenergy Research Centers (BRCs) Targeting breakthroughs in biofuel technology to make abundant, affordable, low-carbon biofuels a reality by: Developing novel enzymes for switchgrass degradation at the Joint BioEnergy Institute (LBNL) Reducing the cost of pretreatment requirements through the use of thermophilic microbes and/or enzymes for the conversion of biomass at the Bioenergy Science Center (ORNL) Understanding soil microbial community structure for biomass crop growth on marginal lands at the Great Lakes BioEnergy Research Center (Univ. of WI) 21 Biomass Research and Development Board Created by Congress in 2000 to coordinate and maximize benefits of federal R&D programs that promote biofuels and bioproducts Has issued several reports and plans, including National Biofuels Action Plan, as a result of interagency collaborations to identify RD&D challenges, and make recommendations to mitigate them Has identified several new areas for further collaboration, including genetic modification of feedstocks, logistics, anthropogenic carbon cycle, and conversion technologies Members Department of Agriculture (co-chair) Department of Energy (co-chair) National Science Foundation Environmental Protection Agency Department of the Interior Office of Science and Technology Policy Department of Transportation Department of Defense Draft and Issued Reports National Biofuels Action Plan Occasional Paper No. 1 - Economics of Biomass Feedstocks in the US: Review of the Literature Increasing Feedstock Production for Biofuels: Economic Drivers, Environmental Implications, and the Role of Research Sustainable and Adequate Biofuel Feedstock Production: Recommendations for Federal Research and Development Feedstock Logistics: Recommendations for Research and Commercialization Conversion: Challenges for Federal Research and Commercialization Pipeline Feasibility Analysis Synopsis on GIS Inventory Synopsis on Multi-Modal Analysis 22

12 Biofuels Interagency Working Group President Obama established the Working Group in 2009 Coordinate existing policies, and identify new policies, to support the development of sustainable nextgeneration biofuels production Developed Growing America s Fuel strategy, issued February 2010 In the process of further developing key objectives and beginning to conduct interagency assessment of existing biofuels and transportation policy framework to make recommendations for future action Co-chaired by DOE, EPA, USDA 23 Funding Opportunities Upgrading of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil (Bio-oil) Funding: Up to $11,000,000 total Close Date: 07/09/2010, Applications under review This funding is to develop integrated upgrading processes of bio-oil. Biomass Research and Development Initiative Funding: up to $33 million Close Date: 07/13/2010, Applications under review This is a joint effort between the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Energy to support funding for research and development of technologies and processes to produce biofuels, bioenergy and high-value biobased products Development of Methodologies for Determining Preferred Landscape Designs for Sustainable Bioenergy Feedstock Production Systems at a Watershed Scale Funding: Approximately $5,000,000 Close Date: 07/16/2010, Applications under review This funding is for research focused on sustainable production of large quantities of non-food biomass for bioenergy Upcoming announcements are expected on biopower and additional broad bioenergy areas of focus in 2011 For More Information visit: or 24

13 How Are We Getting There? Advanced Biopower biofuels that that Biorefineries that Go beyond Infrastructure Feedstocks cellulosic that ethanol to Provides Conversion Systematically the development a clean, technologies validate domestic, of and that deploy Evaluate dispatchable technology Improve hydrocarbon vehicle supply renewable emissions and fuels yields source and of Maximize performance efficiency power the nation (life-cycle basis) Expand Identify Focus best portfolio on biomass the of feedstocks, resources by Improve productivity of conversion Promotes biofuels, region mechanisms commercialization (i.e. biopower, healthy catalysts, forests and of enzymes, bioproducts algal and use and of fermentation residue, biofuels with organisms) little competition for agricultural land Sustainable Biofuels for a Cleaner Future 25 Extra Slides EXTRA SLIDES 26