Radiation technology application in environmental protection

Transcription

1 Radiation technology application in environmental protection Yongxia Sun, Andrzej G. Chmielewski Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland

2 Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Technology (Pomorzyna Power Plant, Poland) Figure 1 Pomorzany plant layout Ref. : Basfar A, et al., NUKLEONIKA 55(3), (2010)

3 Removal (%) Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Technology (Pomorzany) Dose (kgy) Figure 2 SO 2 and NOx removal efficiency vs. dose NOx SO2 Ref., Chmielewski A.G. et al., Radiat. Phys. Chem., 71, , 2004

4 PAHs removal by EB from coal-fired burner naphtalene acenaphtene anthracene fluoranthene pyrene benzo(a)pyrene dibenzo(a,h) anthracene Figure 3 The structures of PAHs

5 Figure 4 PAHs removal from coal fired burner (EPS Kawęczyn, Poland) Flue gas: 5000Nm 3 /hr; humidity 4.5%; SO 2 : 192 ppm (61.6%); NOx: 106ppm (70.9%). NH 3 : 2.75 Nm 3 /hr; alcohol: 600 l/hr; dose : 8 kgy. (Ref.: Chmielewski, Sun et al., Radiat. Phys. Chem., Vol.67, )

6 Removal efficiency of PAHs(%) without NH3 NH Acenaphthene Fluorene Phenanthrene fluoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Figure 5 PAHs removal without/with the presence of NH 3 (Kawęczyn, PL) Ostapczuk, A., Chmielewski, A., G., Sun, Y., Electron beam flue gases treatment as an integrated method of SO 2, NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOC) control. Fifth International Symposium and Exhibition on Environmental Contamination in Central and Eastern Europe September 2000, Prague, Czech republic.p.227

7 Figure 6 Saudi Arabia pilot plant process units (1. Ammonia addition, 2. EB-TECH mobile unit, 3. cyclone, 4. cartridge filter 5. ID fan 6. stack)

8 SO2 removal efficiency(%) Ref.: Pawelec, A. Chmielewski. A.G. et al., Fuel Processing Technology 145, (2016) C 83.7 C Dose (kgy) Figure 7 SO2 removal efficiency vs. dose at 62.3 C and 83.7 C, respectively

9 NOx removal efficiency(%) C 83.7 C Dose (kgy) Figure 8 NO x removal efficiency vs. dose at 62.3 C and 83.7 C, respectively Ref.: Pawelec, A. Chmielewski. A.G. et al., Fuel Processing Technology 145, (2016)

10 NOx removal in the presence of TiO 2 catalyst Figure 9 A diagram of electron beam-catalyst reaction vessel TiO 2 + e-beam e - + h + h + + TiO 2 -H 2 O OH + H + OH + NO HNO 2 HNO 3

11 NOx removal in the presence of TiO 2 catalyst NO NO 2 Fig. 10 Effect of the inlet NO concentration on the NO x removal efficiency Fig. 11 NO and NO 2 concentration versus residence time of the flue gas inside catalytic reaction vessel under EB irradiation (NO x,ini. = 200 ppm)

12 NOx removal efficiency Wet Scruber Influence on NOx Removal ( salty water, 3.5% wt) NOx removal efficiency 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% EB + salty water EB Dose (kgy) Fig.12a Wet scrubber influences NOx removal efficiency (NO x,ini. =200 ppm, SO 2, ini. = 700 ppm) 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% EB + salty water EB Dose (kgy) Fig.12b Wet scrubber influences NOx removal efficiency (NO x,ini. =1500 ppm, SO 2, ini. = 700 ppm) Wet scrubber increases NO x removal efficiency NO x removal efficiency decreases with increasing inlet concn. of NO x

13 Figure 13 1 mg/l PFOA decomposition in Ar saturated solution of ph 2 with 20 mg/l of t-butanol PFOA decomposition: 83% reaction with H, 17% -with OH (gamma); 57% reaction with H, 43% -with OH (EB) Model: 58 reactions involving 19 species Ref. (experimental results): Bojanowska-Czajka, A., et al., INCT Annual Report

14 Figure 14 1 mg/l PFOA decomposition in Ar saturated solution of ph 7 with 20 mg/l of t-butanol 100 PFOA concn. In solution (%) exp.( gamma) cal.(gamma) exp.(eb) cal.(eb) Dose (kgy) PFOA decomposition: 77% reaction with H, 16%-with OH, 7%- with e- (Gamma); 96% reaction with H, 4%-with OH, (EB). Ref. (experimental results): Bojanowska-Czajka, A., et al., INCT Annual Report

15 Conclusions EBFGT is a very competitive technology to remove SO 2 and NOx from flue gas emitted from coal fired power plant and refineries. Wet scrubber,such as salty water, combined with EB increases removal efficiencies of SO 2 and NOx, it is very promising to be applied for reduction of SO 2 and NOx from off-gas emitted from cargo ships, which are the major pollution sources for SO 2 and NOx emission in the near future.

16 Conclusions EB can be applied for mutilple pollutants treatment (SOx, NOx, and PAHs) from off- gas. Catalyst presence increases NOx removal efficiency less than 20%. PFOA might be destructed from aqueous solution under EB or gamma irradiation.