Blairstown Board of Education Blairstown Elementary School One Sunset Hill Rd Blairstown, NJ 07825

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1 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. 293 Route 18, Suite 330 Telephone (866) Building Systems Consultants East Brunswick, NJ Facsimile (203) August 31, 2010 Local Government Energy Program Energy Audit Report, Final Blairstown Board of Education Blairstown Elementary School One Sunset Hill Rd Blairstown, NJ Project Number: LGEA69 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 1/57

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 3 INTRODUCTION... 6 HISTORICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION... 7 EXISTING FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION RENEWABLE AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY MEASURES PROPOSED ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES PROPOSED FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS APPENDIX A: EQUIPMENT LIST APPENDIX B: LIGHTING STUDY APPENDIX C: THIRD PARTY ENERGY SUPPLIERS APPENDIX D: GLOSSARY AND METHOD OF CALCULATIONS APPENDIX E: STATEMENT OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE FROM ENERGY STAR APPENDIX F: INCENTIVE PROGRAMS APPENDIX G: ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES APPENDIX H: METHOD OF ANALYSIS Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 2/57

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The two story 78,000 square feet Blairstown Elementary School Building was originally constructed in 1930 with additions/alterations done in 1950, 1962 and 1978/9. The following chart provides an overview of current energy usage in the building based on the analysis period of March 2009 through February 2010: Electric Usage, kwh/yr Table 1: State of Building Energy Usage Gas Other fuel Current Site Usage, usage, Annual Energy therms/yr gal/yr Cost of Use Energy, $ Intensity, kbtu/sq Joint Energy Consumption, MMBtu/yr ft yr Current 540,800 N/A 32, , ,442 Proposed 459,756 N/A 29, , ,756 Savings 81,044 N/A 2,973 19, % Savings 15.0% N/A 9.1% 12.5% 10.9% 10.7% There may be energy procurement opportunities for the Blairstown Elementary School to reduce annual utility costs, which are $8,653 higher, when compared to the average estimated NJ commercial utility rates. SWA has also entered energy information about the Blairstown Elementary School in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager energy benchmarking system. This facility is categorized as a school space type. The building performance rating is 72; ENERGY STAR building s minimum certification eligibility score is 75. Based on the current state of the building and its energy use, SWA recommends implementing various energy conservation measures from the savings detailed in Table 1. The measures are categorized by payback period in Table 2 below: Table 2: Energy Conservation Measure Recommendations ECMs Simple First Year Initial Payback CO2 Savings, Savings Investment, Period lbs/yr ($) $ (years) 0-5 Year 22, , , Year 1, ,012 15,287 >10 year 7, ,510 45,759 Total 31, , ,331 (Please note that first year savings in the table above include both utility costs and maintenance costs savings). SWA estimates that implementing the recommended ECMs is equivalent to removing approximately 11 cars from the roads each year or avoiding the need of 315 trees to absorb the annual CO 2 generated. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 3/57

4 Other recommendations to increase building efficiency pertaining to operations and maintenance and capital improvements are listed below: Further Recommendations: SWA recommends that the Blairstown Elementary School further explore the following: Capital Improvements o Replace roof finish and insulate (R-30 min.) o Replace all original/single glazed windows with a low-e, double glazed type. o Replace older doors and thresholds in need of repair o Asbestos abatement o Replace AHU-3 serving library o Replace air handling units o Replace exhaust fans Operations and Maintenance o Slope perimeter grade away from building to maximize site drainage o Efflorescence and water damaged interior and exterior walls should be repaired and maintained o Clean gutters and repair downspouts o Maintain/inspect all roof surfaces on a regular basis o Replace all missing foil faced fiberglass roof insulation o Install, replace and maintain weather stripping around all exterior doors and roof access scuttles o Replace and maintain damaged door units. o Replace/add/maintain caulk around window frames and sills for airtight performance o Install an air tight insulated and gasketed cover over the building integrated exhaust fan o Seal six unused chimneys close to the roof plane o Provide water-efficient fixtures and controls o Purchase the most energy-efficient equipment, including ENERGY STAR labeled appliances, when equipment is installed or replaced o Use smart power electric strips o Create an energy educational program Financial Incentives and Other Program Opportunities The recommended ECMs and the list above are cost-effective energy efficiency measures and building upgrades that will reduce operating expenses for the Blairstown Elementary School building. Based on the requirements of the LGEA program, Board of Education must commit to implementing some of these measures, and must submit paperwork to the Local Government Energy Audit program within one year of this report s approval to demonstrate that they have spent, net of other NJCEP incentives, at least 25% of the cost of the audit. The minimum amount to be spent, net of other NJCEP incentives, is $4,421. The table below summarizes the recommended ECMs that the school can undertake for achieving this purpose. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 4/57

5 Table 3: Next Steps for the Blairstown Elementary School Recommended ECMs Install T5 fixtures as per ECM#2 Replace 15hp motors for AHU-1 and AHU-2 as per ECM#11 Replace CFL fixtures as per ECM#3 Incentive Program (Please refer to Appendix F for details) NJ Smart Start NJ Smart Start N/A There are various incentive programs that the Blairstown Board of Education could apply for that could help lower the cost of installing the ECMs. For the Blairstown Elementary School, and contingent upon available funding, SWA recommends the following incentive programs: Smart Start: Most energy savings equipment and design measures have moderate incentives under this program. Renewable Energy Incentive Program: Receive up to $0.8/Watt toward installation cost for PV panels upon available funding. And, for each 1,000 kwh generated by renewable energy, receive a credit between $475 and $600. Please refer to Appendix F for further details. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 5/57

6 INTRODUCTION Launched in 2008, the Local Government Energy Audit (LGEA) Program provides subsidized energy audits for municipal and local government-owned facilities, including offices, courtrooms, town halls, police and fire stations, sanitation buildings, transportation structures, schools and community centers. The Program will subsidize up to 100% of the cost of the audit. The Board of Public Utilities (BPUs) Office of Clean Energy has assigned TRC Energy Services to administer the Program. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. (SWA) is a 38-year-old architectural/engineering research and consulting firm, with specialized expertise in green technologies and procedures that improve the safety, performance, and cost effectiveness of buildings. SWA has a long-standing commitment to creating energy-efficient, cost-saving and resource-conserving buildings. As consultants on the built environment, SWA works closely with architects, developers, builders, and local, state, and federal agencies to develop and apply sustainable, whole building strategies in a wide variety of building types: commercial, residential, educational and institutional. SWA performed an energy audit and assessment for the Blairstown Elementary School at One Sunset Hill Rd, Blairstown, NJ The process of the audit included a facility visit on June 4, 2010, benchmarking and energy bills analysis, assessment of existing conditions, energy modeling, energy conservation measures and other recommendations for improvements. The scope of work includes providing a summary of current building conditions, current operating costs, potential savings, and investment costs to achieve these savings. The facility description includes energy usage, occupancy profiles and current building systems along with a detailed inventory of building energy systems, recommendations for improvement and recommendations for energy purchasing and procurement strategies. The goal of this Local Government Energy Audit is to provide sufficient information to the Blairstown Board of Education to make decisions regarding the implementation of the most appropriate and most cost-effective energy conservation measures for the Blairstown Elementary School. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 6/57

7 HISTORICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION Energy usage, load profile and cost analysis SWA reviewed utility bills from March 2008 through February 2010 that were received from the utility and fuel oil #2 companies supplying the Blairstown Elementary School with electric and fuel oil #2. A 12 month period of analysis from March 2009 through February 2010 was used for all calculations and for purposes of benchmarking the building. Electricity - The Blairstown Elementary School is currently served by one electric meter. The Blairstown Board of Education currently buys electricity from JCP&L at an average aggregated rate of $0.166/kWh. The Blairstown Board of Education purchased approximately 540,800 kwh, or $90,030 worth of electricity, for the school in the previous year. The average monthly demand was kw and the annual peak demand was kw. The chart below shows the monthly electric usage and costs. The dashed green line represents the approximate baseload or minimum electric usage required to operate the Blairstown Elementary School. Fuel Oil #2 - The Blairstown Elementary School currently purchases fuel oil #2 for heating and generating domestic hot water. Fuel oil #2 is purchased from Allied Oil at an average aggregated rate of $1.997/gallon. The Blairstown Board of Education purchased approximately 32,834 gallons, or $65,563 worth of fuel oil #2, for the school in the previous year. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 7/57

8 The chart below shows the monthly fuel oil #2 usage and costs. The green line represents the approximate baseload or minimum fuel oil #2 usage required to operate the Blairstown Elementary School. The chart above shows the monthly fuel oil #2 usage along with the heating degree days or HDD. Heating degree days is the difference of the average daily temperature and a base Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 8/57

9 temperature, on a particular day. The heating degree days are zero for the days when the average temperature exceeds the base temperature. SWA s analysis used a base temperature of 65 degrees Fahrenheit. The following table and pie charts show energy use for the Blairstown Elementary School based on utility bills and fuel oil #2 receipts for the 12 month period. Note: electrical cost at $49/MMBtu of energy is 3.5 times as expensive as fuel oil #2 at $14/MMBtu Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 9/57

10 Energy benchmarking SWA has entered energy information about the Blairstown Elementary School in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager energy benchmarking system. This facility is categorized as a school space type. The building performance rating is 72. ENERGY STAR building s minimum certification eligibility score is 75. The Site Energy Use Intensity is 81.0 kbtu/ft 2 -yr compared to the national average of a school building consuming kbtu/ft 2 -yr. See ECM section for guidance on how to improve the building s rating. The chart below shows the site energy intensity broken down by month and energy type: Per the LGEA program requirements, SWA has assisted the Blairstown Board of Education to create an ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager account and share the Blairstown Elementary School facilities information to allow future data to be added and tracked using the benchmarking tool. SWA has shared this Portfolio Manager account information with the Blairstown Board of Education (user name of blairstownboe with a password of blairstownboe ) and TRC Energy Services (user name of TRC-LGEA ). Tariff analysis As part of the utility bill analysis, SWA evaluated the current utility rates and tariffs. Tariffs are typically assigned to buildings based on size and building type. Tariff analysis is performed to determine if the rate that a Blairstown Board of Education is contracted to pay with each utility provider is the best rate possible resulting in the lowest costs for electric provision. Typically, the fuel oil #2 prices increase during the heating months when fuel oil #2 is used by the hot water boiler units. Typically, electricity prices increase during the cooling months when electricity is used by the HVAC condensing units and air handlers. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 10/57

11 The supplier charges a market-rate price based on use, and the billing does not break down demand costs for all periods because usage and demand are included in the rate. The Blairstown Board of Education pays current market rates for fuel oil #2. The building is direct metered and currently purchases electricity at a general service rate for usage with an additional charge for electrical demand factored into each monthly bill. The general service rate for electric charges is market-rate based on usage and demand. Demand prices are reflected in the utility bills and can be verified by observing the price fluctuations throughout the year. Energy Procurement strategies Billing analysis is conducted using an average aggregated rate that is estimated based on the total cost divided by the total energy usage per utility per 12 month period. Average aggregated rates do not separate demand charges from usage, and instead provide a metric of inclusive cost per unit of energy. Average aggregated rates are used in order to equitably compare building utility rates and fuel oil #2 prices to average utility rates and fuel oil #2 prices throughout the state of New Jersey. The average estimated NJ commercial utility rates for electricity are $0.150/kWh, while Blairstown Elementary School pays a rate of $0.166/kWh. The Blairstown Elementary School annual electric utility costs are $8,653 higher, when compared to the average estimated NJ commercial utility rates. Electric bill analysis shows fluctuations up to 13% over the most recent 12 month period. The average estimated NJ fuel oil #2 prices are $2.00/gallon, while Blairstown Elementary School pays a competitive rate of $1.997/gallon. Fuel oil #2 bill analysis shows fluctuations up to 37% over the most recent 12 month period. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 11/57

12 Utility rate fluctuations may have been caused by adjustments between estimated and actual meter readings; others may be due to unusual high and recent escalating energy costs. SWA recommends that the Blairstown Elementary School further explore opportunities of purchasing electricity from third-party suppliers in order to reduce rate fluctuation and ultimately reduce the annual cost of energy for the Blairstown Elementary School. Appendix C contains a complete list of third-party energy suppliers for the Blairstown Board of Education service area. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 12/57

13 EXISTING FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION This section gives an overview of the current state of the facility and systems. Please refer to the Proposed Further Recommendations section for recommendations for improvement. FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION This section gives an overview of the current state of the facility and systems. Please refer to the Proposed Further Recommendations section for recommendations for improvement. Based on a visit from SWA on June 4, 2010, the following data was collected and analyzed. Building Characteristics The two story 78,000 square feet Blairstown Elementary School building was originally constructed in 1930 with additions/alterations done in 1950, 1962 and 1978/9. It houses a gymnasium, a cafeteria, classrooms, administration offices, and mechanical rooms. Partial Front Façade (typ.) Partial Front Façade (typ.) Partial Right Side Façade (typ.) Partial Left Side Façade (typ.) Building Occupancy Profiles The building occupancy is approximately 650 students, 60 teachers, and 10 staff personnel Monday through Friday from 8:30am to 3:15pm, September 3rd through June 24th. Staff remains in the building until 5pm weekdays and custodial staff remain in the building until 11pm. The building remains mostly unoccupied after the school hours; only occasional social programs may occur sometimes during the year. Building Envelope Due to unfavorable weather conditions (min. 18 deg. F delta-t in/ outside & no/ low wind) no exterior envelope infrared (IR) images were taken during the field audit. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 13/57

14 Exterior Walls The exterior wall envelope is mostly constructed of 4 brick veneer and some precast concrete accents over 8 concrete block with 2 of XPS (extruded polystyrene) insulation. The interior is mostly painted gypsum wallboard and/or painted concrete block. Note: Wall insulation levels could not be verified in the field and are based on available construction plans. During the field audit exterior and interior wall surfaces were inspected. They were found to be in overall acceptable and age appropriate condition with some signs of uncontrolled moisture, air-leakage and other energy-compromising issues located mostly at the sides of the building. The following specific exterior wall problem spots and areas were identified: Signs of water damage at perimeter walls due to missing/ineffective site drainage Signs of water damage at perimeter walls due to missing/ineffective site drainage Exterior wall finish showing water from water runoff or improper flashing detail Water damage on interior wall sections of gymnasium due to water damage in wall cavity Downspout missing deflector Roof The building s roof is predominantly a flat and parapet type over steel decking with a darkcolored EPDM single membrane finish. Two roof sections are built-up asphalt finish and gravel ballast over steel decking. The original pitched roof building section is wood framed with 2-4 of foil faced fiberglass batt insulation installed between roof rafters. Insulation in Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 14/57

15 the rest of the predominately flat roof area could not be detected at the time of the audit and no further information was provided in drawings. During the time of the building audit, SWA auditors were told half of the building roof warranty had expired. There are also reported roof leaks where there are unsealed seams on the pitched, wood-framed roof section. When it time for replacement SWA recommends installing a high performance, ENERGY STAR roof with a reflective coating. During the field audit roofs, related flashing, gutters and downspouts were observed. They were found to be in overall acceptable condition with some signs of uncontrolled moisture, air-leakage and/ or other energy-compromising issues. The following specific roof problem spots and areas were identified: Signs of standing water/ pooling Unsealed roof seam Water pooling around clogged scupper Image showing two different Clogged downspout and water Ceiling bays void of insulation roof types filled gutter Base The building s base is composed of a 4 concrete slab-on-grade and partially below grade slab floor with a perimeter footing with concrete block foundation walls and no detectable slab edge/perimeter insulation. Slab/perimeter insulation levels could not be verified in the field and are based on available construction plans. The building s base and its perimeter were inspected. Judging from signs of uncontrolled moisture or water presence and other energy compromising issues, overall the base was found to be in acceptable condition with some signs of uncontrolled moisture, air-leakage and/ or other energy-compromising issues. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 15/57

16 Windows The building contains several different types of windows. Window types include fixed, casement, and double hung windows with aluminum clad frames. The building contains single pane clear glazed windows and many include interior window blinds. Windows, shading devices, sills, related flashing and caulking were inspected from the exterior and interior as far as accessibility allowed. Based on signs of moisture, air-leakage and other energy compromising issues, overall the windows were found and/or reported to be in poor condition with signs of uncontrolled moisture, air-leakage and/or other energycompromising issues. The following specific window problem spots and areas were identified: Window with broken seal Single pane clear glass window in attic area Cracked sealants Missing or deteriorated caulk around exterior of window frame Exterior doors The building contains several different types of exterior doors: 1. Many exterior doors include partial or full glass panel inserts with aluminum frame type exterior doors. They are located on the main floor and in age appropriate condition. 2. Some exterior doors are metal framed with full glass panel inserts in good condition. 3. There is one exterior wood door located in the basement which appears to be original and is in age appropriate condition. 4. There are some exterior aluminum doors in poor condition. All exterior doors, thresholds, related flashing, caulking and weather-stripping were inspected. Many doors were missing sufficient thresholds, weather-stripping, and have signs of water damage or rust. Based on signs of moisture, air-leakage and other energy Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 16/57

17 compromising issues, overall the doors were found to be in age appropriate condition with signs of uncontrolled moisture, air-leakage and or other energy-compromising issues. The following specific door problem spots and areas were identified: Water damage at base of door Typical door Missing/worn weather stripping Rust shown on exterior door Building air-tightness Overall the field auditors found the building to be reasonably air-tight with only a few areas of suggested improvements, as described in more detail earlier in this chapter. Asbestos was identified with clear labels in the attic access area near the gymnasium. SWA recommends asbestos abatement before any changes are made to the building envelope including air sealing or major renovations. In addition to all the above mentioned findings SWA recommends air sealing, caulking and insulating around all structural members, recessed lighting fixtures, electrical boxes and chimney walls that are part of or penetrate the exterior envelope and where air-leakage can occur. The air tightness of buildings helps maximize all other implemented energy measures and investments and minimizes potentially costly long term maintenance/repair/replacement expenses. A ceiling panel was removed showing a building integrated exhaust fan, located in the stairwell on the second floor. According to building maintenance personnel this fan is no longer used as an exhaust mechanism. SWA recommends installing an air tight insulated and gasketed cover over the fan that can be removable if needed. See the Capital Improvement section for more information. There are six chimneys in the building built in 1930; these are no longer used and sealed near the registers located in various classrooms. SWA recommends sealing chimneys near Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 17/57

18 the top, close to the roof plane. Creating a sealed and insulated air barrier near the roof plane will prevent infiltration of hot/cold exterior air from entering the building cavity. Asbestos found on piping in roof Integrated building exhaust fan One of the existing 1930 chimneys access area no longer used Mechanical Systems Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning The Blairstown Elementary School building is only partly cooled. The building consists of A, B, C, D, and E wings. There are three steam boilers, multiple air handling units, some split units, unit ventilators, a newly installed chiller, and related pumps. Please refer to Appendix A for complete details. Building personnel reported comfort problems because most of the classrooms, gymnasium and cafeteria have no cooling. The school started to install new units with cooling provision, but ran out of funds and the project had to be put on hold midway through the completion of cooling equipment installation throughout the building. Equipment The Library is conditioned with a 15 ton cooling capacity roof top packaged unit (AHU-3). The unit has a direct expansion (DX) system for cooling consisting of an evaporator, condenser and refrigerant loop. The unit was manufactured by Trane and installed in These units also provide ventilation to the building when the fan is on. The unit is operating beyond its service life and does not appear to be in good condition showing signs of rust and corrosion. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 18/57

19 AHU3: Serves Library and shows signs of deterioration The building contains many air handling units (AHUs) equipped with chilled water, and/or steam heating coils for cooling and heating the building. There are four Trane AHUs located in the attic space above the gymnasium which serve the gymnasium, D wing, and have only steam heating coils. These units were installed in the 1970s and have outlived their useful service lives. AHU-4 serves the cafeteria and has no cooling component. It was installed in 1980 and has no remaining expected service life left. AHU-1 and 2 serve A wing and have chilled water coils installed in The units also have steam heating coils. Both units were installed in 1980 and have no remaining expected service life left. The building also contains other air handling units (AHUs) equipped with direct expansion (DX) cooling, and/or steam heating coils for cooling and heating the building. AHU-5, 6, and 7 are equipped with DX cooling coils, and have no heating provision. They were manufactured by Trane and installed in 1980, and have no expected service life remaining. AHU-8 which serves the music area, wing E, is equipped with a steam heating coil and DX cooling. It was manufactured by Trane, installed in 1980 and has no expected service life remaining. Condensing units connected to AHU-5, 6, 7, and 8 varied in ages and were relatively new. There are two Lennox units in excellent condition located on roof serving AHU-5, and 7, and have more than 75% remaining service lives. The condensing unit serving AHU-8 was manufactured by Trane. It was installed in 2009 and is in excellent condition. The condensing unit serving AHU-6 was installed in 1980 and appears to be deteriorating. The nameplate was not available, and SWA estimated it to be a 10 SEER efficiency unit. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 19/57

20 Condensing unit serving AHU-6 is in the front: looks rusted and 10SEER There are 12 highly energy efficient Fujitsu split air conditioning units rated 15 SEER installed recently in the B wing. Condensing units are located on the roof, except for one which is located on grade in the front of the building. These units are rated for 2.5 tons of cooling for classrooms and are in excellent condition. They have about 87% or more of remaining useful service life left. Chilled glycol is provided to AHU-1 and 2 from one 40 ton air cooled Trane chiller located outside on grade. The chiller was installed in 2009 and is in excellent condition. It is rated for 13 EER at full load, and has about 96% of useful life remaining. Reportedly, the chiller is thought to be undersized for the cooling load of the A wing it serves. Steam is produced by three boilers located in the school building. The C wing contains two boilers as follows: an oil fired, HB Smith, Series 28, 2006MBH, estimated 72% efficiency, and installed in 1980; and an oil fired Burnham, V113, 2503MBH, estimated 78% efficiency, and installed in The A wing contains one boiler, oil fired, HB Smith, Series 28, 2205MBH, estimated 72% efficiency, and installed in According to its age, Burnham boiler has about 64% of service life remaining of its expected service life of 25 years, as published in the 2007 ASHRAE HVAC Applications Handbook; both HB Smith boilers are operating beyond their expected service lives. The C wing classrooms were recently equipped with Trane and McQuay manufactured unit ventilators equipped with DX cooling coils and hot water heating coils. These units are brand new. The condensing units for cooling have not yet been procured due to shortage of funds, although refrigerant pipes have been laid out and truncated above the ceiling. The school proposes to finish this project as soon as the funds are made available. There are four classrooms located outside the school building in trailers. Each classroom is equipped with a 3 ton packaged air conditioning unit, which has about 45% remaining expected service life. There are many exhaust fans which serve the bathrooms and general exhaust as noted in Appendix A. Not all fan nameplate data could be seen at the site as they were inaccessible or bleached out. Generally, most fans have outlived their useful service lives and should be replaced as part of capital improvement. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 20/57

21 Controls The heating and cooling equipment is controlled by a mix of manual and programmable thermostats of various manufacturers. The building does not have a state of the art direct digital control (DDC) system with an electronic interface; however, the building does have pneumatic controls system in place, which actuates steam valves, hot water heating valves, and various sensors and thermostats. The pressured air is delivered to the controls systems by means of two air compressor systems which were installed in 2002, and 2009 respectively, and were found to be in good condition. Unit ventilators are controlled from a central electronic clock, which opens the fresh air dampers at 6:30am and closes the dampers at 5:30pm on school days. All classrooms have a night set back temperature maintained at 68 deg F during the winter season; all systems are shut down at night during summer and shoulder seasons. Domestic Hot Water The domestic hot water (DHW) for the building is provided by two oil fired, Bock made, model 71E water heaters. Both heaters have 68 gallons tank capacity and 173MBH at an estimated 82% thermal efficiency. They were installed in 2008 and 2009 respectively, and have 85%, and 92% service life remaining, respectively. Electrical systems Lighting See attached lighting schedule in Appendix B for a complete inventory of lighting throughout the building including estimated power consumption and proposed lighting recommendations. As of July 1, 2010 magnetic ballasts most commonly used for the operation of T12 lamps will no longer be produced for commercial and industrial applications. Also, many T12 lamps will be phased out of production starting July Interior Lighting - The existing lighting consists of mostly T8 fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts. Some T12 fixtures with magnetic ballasts were found in various locations. Most teachers closets contained less efficient incandescent lamps. Based on measurements of lighting levels for each space, there are no vastly over-illuminated areas. Exit Lights - Exit signs were found to be LED type. Exterior Lighting - The exterior lighting surveyed during the building audit was found to be a mix of Metal Halide lamps, Mercury Vapor lamps, and incandescent fixtures. Exterior lighting is controlled by timers. Appliances and process SWA has conducted a general survey of larger, installed equipment. Appliances and other miscellaneous equipment account for a significant portion of electrical usage within the Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 21/57

22 building. Typically, appliances are referred to as plug-load equipment, since they are not inherent to the building s systems, but rather plug into an electrical outlet. Equipment such as process motors, computers, computer servers, radio and dispatch equipment, refrigerators, vending machines, printers, etc. all create an electrical load on the building that is hard to separate out from the rest of the building s energy usage based on utility analysis. The cafeteria consists of a kitchen with some commercial grade equipment. There is a Hobart dishwasher model CLPS60E, which is Energy Star labeled, a four door Traulsen refrigerator, and a two door Hobart refrigerator; all equipment are in good working condition. There is also a ten burner cooking grille and oven range which are propane fired. The equipment is not frequently used. Elevators The Blairstown Elementary School has one 1980 installed, 20hp, Millar make hydraulic elevator which is used occasionally. Additionally, there is a chair lift as required by accessibility codes. Other electrical systems Chair lift There are not currently any other significant energy-impacting electrical systems installed at the Blairstown Elementary School. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 22/57

23 RENEWABLE AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY MEASURES Renewable energy is defined as any power source generated from sources which are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind and geothermal. Technology for renewable energy is improving, and the cost of installation is decreasing, due to both demand and the availability of state and federal government-sponsored funding. Renewable energy reduces the need for using either electricity or fossil fuel, therefore lowering costs by reducing the amount of energy purchased from the utility company. Technology such as photovoltaic panels or wind turbines, use natural resources to generate electricity on the site. Geothermal systems offset the thermal loads in a building by using water stored in the ground as either a heat sink or heat source. Solar thermal collectors heat a specified volume of water, reducing the amount of energy required to heat water using building equipment. Cogeneration or CHP allows you to generate electricity locally, while also taking advantage of heat wasted during the generation process. Existing systems Currently there are no renewable energy systems installed in the building. Evaluated Systems Solar Photovoltaic Photovoltaic panels convert light energy received from the sun into a usable form of electricity. Panels can be connected into arrays and mounted directly onto building roofs, as well as installed onto built canopies over areas such as parking lots, building roofs or other open areas. Electricity generated from photovoltaic panels is generally sold back to the utility company through a net meter. Net-metering allows the utility to record the amount of electricity generated in order to pay credits to the consumer that can offset usage and demand costs on the electric bill. In addition to generation credits, there are incentives available called Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs) that are subsidized by the state government. Specifically, the New Jersey State government pays a market-rate SREC to facilities that generate electricity in an effort to meet state-wide renewable energy requirements. Based on utility analysis and a study of roof conditions, the Blairstown Elementary School is a good candidate for a 50 kw Solar Panel installation. See ECM#14 for details. Solar Thermal Collectors Solar thermal collectors are not cost-effective for this building and would not be recommended due to the insufficient and intermittent use of domestic hot water throughout the building to justify the expenditure. Wind The Blairstown Elementary School is not a good candidate for wind power generation due to insufficient wind conditions in this area of New Jersey. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 23/57

24 Geothermal The Blairstown Elementary School is not a good candidate for geothermal installation since it would require replacement of the entire existing HVAC system, of which some components are almost brand new. Combined Heat and Power The Blairstown Elementary School is not a good candidate for CHP installation and would not be cost-effective due to the size and operations of the building. Typically, CHP is best suited for buildings with a high electrical baseload to accommodate the electricity generated, as well as a means for using waste heat generated. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 24/57

25 PROPOSED ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) are recommendations determined for the building based on improvements over current building conditions. ECMs have been determined for the building based on installed cost, as well as energy and cost-savings opportunities. Recommendations: Energy Conservation Measures Assumptions: Discount Rate: 3.2%; Energy Price Escalation Rate: 0% Note: A 0.0 electrical demand reduction/month indicates that it is very low/negligible In order to clearly present the overall energy opportunities for the building and ease the decision of which ECM to implement, SWA calculated each ECM independently and did not incorporate slight/potential overlaps between some of the listed ECMs (i.e. lighting change influence on heating/cooling. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 25/57

26 ECM#1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, & 7: Building Lighting Upgrades On the days of the site visit, SWA completed a lighting inventory of the Blairstown Elementary School (see Appendix B). The existing lighting consists of mostly T8 fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts. SWA recommends installing occupancy sensors in bathrooms, closets, offices and areas that are occupied only part of the day, and where payback on savings is justified. Additionally SWA recommends installing occupancy sensors in classrooms as the rooms are vacated after children leave but janitors continue working in the building until 11pm. Typically occupancy sensors have an adjustable time delay that shuts down the lights automatically if no motion is detected within a set time period. Advance micro-phonic lighting sensors include sound detection as a means to control lighting operation. SWA recommends replacing incandescent lamps with CFL lamps. Most teachers closets contained less efficient incandescent lamps. Metal Halide, Mercury Vapor, and incandescent lamps were found in exterior fixtures. SWA recommends replacing the Metal Halide lamps with Pulse Start Metal Halide lamps. Pulse Start Metal Halide (MH) lamps offer the advantages of standard (probe start) MH lamps, but minimize the disadvantages. They produce higher light output both initially and over time, operate more efficiently, produce whiter light, and turn on and re-strike faster. Due to these characteristics, energy savings can be realized via oneto-one substitution of lower-wattage systems, or by taking advantage of higher light output and reducing the number of fixtures required in the space. The labor in all these installations was evaluated using prevailing electrical contractor wages. The Blairstown Board of Education may decide to perform this work with in-house resources from its Maintenance Department on a scheduled, longer timeline than otherwise performed by a contractor, to obtain savings. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $67,391 (includes $24,878 of labor) Source of cost estimate: RS Means; Published and established costs, NJ Clean Energy Program Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 26/57

27 Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the days of the field visits and using the billing analysis. SWA also assumed an aggregated 5 hrs/yr to replace aging burnt out lamps vs. newly installed. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy Occupancy and motion sensors ($20 per control) - Maximum incentive amount is $3,880. NJ Clean Energy Pulse start metal halide fixtures ($25 per fixture) - Maximum incentive amount is $300. NJ Clean Energy Bi-level fixtures ($25 per fixture) - Maximum incentive amount is $600. NJ Clean Energy - T8 and T5 lamps with electronic ballast in existing facilities ($10-30 per fixture, depending on quantity and lamps) Maximum incentive amount is $415. Please see Appendix F for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 27/57

28 ECM#8: Replace Old Refrigerator with ENERGY STAR Model Description: On the days of the site visit, SWA observed an older refrigerator in the teacher lounge which is not ENERGY STAR, rated (using as much as 748kWh/yr). According to the ENERGY STAR website, the refrigerator is approximately 10 years old. Appliances, such as refrigerators, that are over years of age should be replaced with newer efficient models with the ENERGY STAR, label. SWA recommends the replacement of the existing refrigerator which is operating at the end of its useful life with a more modern, ENERGY STAR, energy efficient appliance. Besides saving energy, the replacement will also keep the kitchen area cooler. In addition, the existing systems utilize R-12 refrigerant, which is not an ozone-friendly refrigerant. Newer systems should be specified with R-134A or R-404A refrigerant. When compared to the average electrical consumption of older equipment, ENERGY STAR equipment results in large savings. Look for the ENERGY STAR label when replacing appliances and equipment, including: window air conditioners, refrigerators, printers, computers, copy machines, etc. More information can be found in the Products section of the ENERGY STAR website at: Installation cost: $750 Source of cost estimate: ENERGY STAR purchasing and procurement site, similar projects, Manufacturer and Store established costs Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the day of the field visit and using the billing analysis. SWA assumed one annual call to a refrigeration contractor to perform minor repairs on old refrigerators. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy - There are not any incentives at this time offered by the state of NJ for this energy conservation measure. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 28/57

29 ECM#9, 10, & 11: Install NEMA Premium Efficiency Motors Description: Electric motors have a significant impact on the total energy operating costs in a building, and may vary widely in terms of energy efficiency. The NEMA Premium Motors energy efficiency program was established to assist users to optimize motor systems efficiency in light of power supply and utility deregulation issues. NEMA Premium motors help to optimize systems, thereby reducing electrical consumption and reducing pollution associated with electrical power generation. SWA noted that motors on some air handling units were old and of standard efficiency. Also, SWA noted that the motor on hot water pumps located in A wing boiler room were new but not premium efficiency; there are two pumps, one working and one standby, and only the lead pump motor is recommended to be replaced as part of this measure. SWA recommends replacing the motors mentioned in the measures below to be replaced with premium efficiency motors. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $5,228 (estimated labor cost $1,200) Source of cost estimate: Similar projects and DOE Motor Master International selection & savings analysis Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 29/57

30 Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using nameplate data taken and using the billing analysis. The DOE Motor Master International selection and calculator was used considering equipment should operate for approximately 75% loading factor. Motor use hours were estimated to be 5,000 hours for air handling units, and 2,500 hours for pumps, respectively. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy - Premium three-phase motors ($45-$700 per motor); for 5 hp motors - $60/motor, and for 15 hp motor - $115/motor; maximum incentive available is $530. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 30/57

31 ECM#12: Replace Condensing Unit SWA recommends replacing an existing condensing unit serving Health offices with an ENERGY STAR rated condensing unit with higher operating efficiency. A split-system central air conditioner consists of an outdoor metal cabinet called the condensing unit which contains the condenser coil and compressor, and an indoor cabinet contains the evaporator coil and supply air fan. Central air conditioners are rated according to their seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER - Btu/Watt-hr), which indicates the relative amount of energy needed to provide a specific cooling output. The existing condensing unit has an estimated SEER rating of 10; the minimum SEER allowed today is 13. ENERGY STAR label central air conditioners with SEER ratings of 13 or greater, and up to 16 SEER condensing units are now available. More information can be found in the Products section of the ENERGY STAR website at: SWA recommends 15 SEER units. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $1,950 (includes $280 of labor) Source of cost estimate: Manufacturer s data and similar projects Economics: Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using nameplate data taken and using the billing analysis. SWA estimated annual electric savings calculated from EnergyStar online calculator. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy Unitary HVAC/Split Systems, 14 SEER minimum, $73- $92/ton; maximum incentive available is $184 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 31/57

32 ECM#13: Retro-Commissioning of Heating Systems and Controls Description: Retro-commissioning is a process that seeks to improve how building equipment and systems function together. Depending on the age of the building, retro-commissioning can often resolve problems that occurred during design or construction and/or address problems that have developed throughout the building s life. Owners often undertake retro-commissioning to optimize building systems, reduce operating costs, and address comfort complaints from building occupants. Since the heating systems at the Blairstown Elementary School building were installed in 1980 or earlier, and have not been commissioned since, SWA recommends undertaking retro-commissioning to optimize system operation. The retro-commissioning process should include a review of existing operational parameters for both newer and older installed equipment. During retrocommissioning, the individual loop temperatures and setback schedules should also be reviewed to identify opportunities for optimizing system performance, besides air balancing and dampers proper operation. In particular, for retro-commissioning to be highly effective, it is best to conduct a ventilation requirement study as per ASHRAE 62.1 standard to allow proper settings for the ventilation dampers. Steam traps should be inspected for leakages as well as part of this study. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $78,000 (includes $68,500 of labor) Source of cost estimate: Similar projects Economics: Assumptions: Since the utility bills have some accounting fluctuations, it is difficult to determine the amount of energy used for heating and cooling for the school building. Based on experience with similar buildings, SWA estimated the heating and cooling energy consumption. Typical savings for retro-commissioning range from 5-20%, as a percentage of the total space heating Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 32/57

33 consumption. SWA assumed 10% savings for heating energy. Estimated costs for retro-commissioning range from $0.50-$2.00 per square foot. SWA assumed $1.00 per square foot of a total square footage of 78,000. Rebates/financial incentives: There are no incentives currently for this measure. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 33/57

34 ECM#13: Install 50 kw PV System Description: Currently, the Blairstown Elementary School building does not use any renewable energy systems. Renewable energy systems, such as photovoltaic panels, can be mounted on the building roofs, and can offset a portion of the purchased electricity for the building. Power stations generally have two separate electrical charges: usage and demand. Usage is the amount of electricity in kilowatthours that a building uses from month to month. Demand is the amount of electrical power that a building uses at any given instance in a month s period. During the summer periods, when electric demand at a power station is high due to the amount of air conditioners, lights, equipment, etc being used within the region, demand charges go up to offset the utility s cost to provide enough electricity at that given time. Photovoltaic systems not only offset the amount of electricity use by a building, but also reduce the building s electrical demand, resulting in a higher cost savings as well. It is recommended at this time that the school further review installing a 50 kw PV system to offset electric demand and reduce the annual net electric consumption for the building, and review guaranteed incentives from NJ rebates to justify the investment. The BOE may consider applying for a grant and/or engage a PV generator/leaser who would install the PV system and then sell the power at a reduced rate. JCP&L provides the ability to buy SREC s at $600/MWh or best market offer. The building has a flat roof with limited locations for portions of a 50 kw PV installation. A commercial crystalline 123 watt panel has 10.7 square feet of surface area (11.5 watts per square foot). A 50 kw system needs approximately 407 panels which would take up 4,400 square feet. The installation of a renewable Solar Photovoltaic power generating system could serve as a good educational tool and exhibit for the community. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $350,000 (including $98,480 total labor cost) Source of cost estimate: Similar projects Economics: ECM # 14 ECM description Install 50 kw Solar Photovoltaic system Cost Source Est. installed cost, $ Est. incentives, $ Net est. cost with incentives, $ kwh, 1st year savings kw, demand reduction therms, 1st year savings kbtu/sq ft, 1st year savings Est. operating cost, 1st year savings, $ Similar Projects 350,000 40, ,000 59, , , $273, ,640 Total 1st year savings, $ Life of measure, years Est. lifetime energy cost savings, $ Simple payback, years Lifetime return-oninvestment, % Annual return-oninvestment, % Internal rate of return, % Net present value, $ CO2 reduced, lbs/year Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 34/57

35 Cash Flow Year 0 -$310,000 Cash Flow Year 1 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 6 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 11 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 16 $9,794 Cash Flow Year 21 $9,794 Cash Flow Year 2 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 7 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 12 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 17 $9,794 Cash Flow Year 22 $9,794 Cash Flow Year 3 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 8 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 13 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 18 $9,794 Cash Flow Year 23 $9,794 Cash Flow Year 4 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 9 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 14 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 19 $9,794 Cash Flow Year 24 $9,794 Cash Flow Year 5 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 10 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 15 $45,194 Cash Flow Year 20 $9,794 Cash Flow Year 25 $9,794 Assumptions: SWA estimated the cost and savings of the system based on past PV projects. SWA projected physical dimensions based on a typical Polycrystalline Solar Panel (123 Watts, model #ND-U230C1). PV systems are sized based on Watts and physical dimensions for an array will differ with the efficiency of a given solar panel (W/sq ft). Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy - Renewable Energy Incentive Program, Incentive based on $0.80 / watt Solar PV application for systems 50 kw or less. NJ Clean Energy - Solar Renewable Energy Certificate Program. Each time a solar electric system generates 1,000kWh (1MWh) of electricity, a SREC is issued which can then be sold or traded separately from the power. The buildings must also become netmetered in order to earn SRECs as well as sell power back to the electric grid. A total annual SREC credit of $35,400 has been incorporated in the above costs however it requires proof of performance, application approval and negotiations with the utility. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 35/57

36 PROPOSED FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS Capital Improvements Capital Improvements are recommendations for the building that may not be cost-effective at the current time, but that could yield a significant long-term payback. These recommendations should typically be considered as part of a long-term capital improvement plan. Capital improvements should be considered if additional funds are made available, or if the installed costs can be shared with other improvements, such as major building renovations. SWA recommends the following capital improvements for the Blairstown Elementary School: Install premium motors when replacements are required - Select NEMA Premium motors when replacing motors that have reached the end of their useful operating lives. Replace roof finish and insulate (R-30 min.) SWA recommends installing a high performance ENERGY STAR roof with a reflective coating. Replace original single pane windows with low-e, double pane, high performance windows. SWA recommends selecting windows with a low U value. Currently, window replacement rebates and tax incentives are available only for residential buildings. The investment cannot be justified by energy savings alone and should be considered as part of a major renovation plan. During the next major construction, SWA recommends insulating the exterior walls of the structure by adhering 2 polyiso boards (Polyisocyanurate) together with furring strips to the inside of the CMU or brick walls. Inspect and replace damaged, rusted, or poor condition doors or door thresholds in need of repair. Install, replace, and maintain weather stripping around all exterior doors and roof access scuttles. SWA observed that exterior door weather-stripping was beginning to deteriorate in places. Doors and vestibules should be observed annually for deficient weather-stripping and replaced as needed. Asbestos abatement should be performed before any major renovations/upgrades or air sealing is performed on the building. Replace AHU-3 serving library this unit was installed in 1980 and is showing signs of deterioration. SWA recommends replacing the roof top unit with a 15 SEER, direct expansion cooled roof top package unit. Energy savings alone would not justify the replacement and hence it must be undertaken as part of capital improvement. The estimated cost of a new unit is $35,000. Replace air handling units two air handling units serving the gymnasium, and those serving the cafeteria, music rooms, child study, D wing lobby, and the gymnasium locker rooms are all operating beyond their service lives. Energy savings alone would not justify replacing these units anytime in future, and hence the replacements would have to be carried out as capital improvements. The estimated installed cost of seven new units is $350,000. Replace exhaust fans there are 11 exhaust fans in the building operating beyond the expected service life of a ventilation fan of 10 years. SWA recommends replacing these fans in kind as Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 36/57

37 part of capital improvement as energy savings will be marginal. The estimated installed cost of 11 new fans is $6,050. Operations and Maintenance Operations and Maintenance measures consist of low/no cost measures that are within the capability of the current building staff to handle. These measures typically require little investment, and they yield a short payback period. These measures may address equipment settings or staff operations that, when addressed will reduce energy consumption or costs. Slope perimeter grade away from building to maximize site drainage Efflorescence and water damaged interior and exterior walls should be repaired and maintained. Wall cavities should be investigated for water damage, potentially leading to indoor air quality issues. SWA recommends as part of the maintenance program installing weep holes, installing proper flashing and correct masonry efflorescence, and sealing wall cracks and penetrations wherever necessary in order to keep insulation dry and effective. Clean gutters and repair downspouts. Install/ repair and maintain gutters, downspouts and downspout deflectors to minimize uncontrolled roof water run-off causing exterior wall damage. Consider installing roof drains in interior portion of building in order to prevent freezing downspouts. Maintain/inspect all roof surfaces on a regular basis - SWA recommends regular maintenance to verify water is draining correctly. Replace all missing foil faced fiberglass roof insulation in order to better define thermal boundaries and reduce heat gain from EPDM roof. Thoroughly and evenly insulate space above the ceiling tiles and plug all ceiling penetration. All missing ceiling tiles should be put back in place. Replace and maintain damaged door units. Replace/add/maintain caulk around window frames and sills for airtight performance. The perimeter of all window frames should also be regularly inspected, and any missing or deteriorated caulking should be re-caulked to provide an unbroken seal around the window frames. Any other accessible gaps or penetrations in the thermal envelope penetrations should also be sealed with caulk or spray foam. SWA recommends installing an air tight insulated and gasketed cover over the building integrated exhaust fan, located in the stairwell on the second floor that can be removable if needed. SWA recommends sealing six unused chimneys close to the roof plane. Creating a sealed and insulated air barrier near the roof plane will prevent infiltration of hot/cold exterior air from entering the building cavity. SWA recommends inserting rigid foam insulation (XPS) in chimneys (close to roof plane) and sealing around the perimeter of the insulation with an air sealant such as caulk or foam. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 37/57

38 Provide water-efficient fixtures and controls - Adding controlled on/off timers on all lavatory faucets is a cost-effective way to reduce domestic hot water demand and save water. Building staff can also easily install 0.5 faucet aerators in place of the 2.2 or 2.0 gpm aerators and/or low-flow fixtures to reduce water consumption. There are many retrofit options, which can be installed now or incorporated as equipment is replaced. Routine maintenance practices that identify and quickly address water leaks are a low-cost way to save water and energy. Retrofitting with more efficient water-consumption fixtures/appliances will reduce energy consumption for water heating, while also decreasing water/sewer bills. SWA recommends that the building considers purchasing the most energy-efficient equipment, including ENERGY STAR labeled appliances, when equipment is installed or replaced. More information can be found in the Products section of the ENERGY STAR website at: Use smart power electric strips - in conjunction with occupancy sensors to power down computer equipment when left unattended for extended periods of time. Create an energy educational program - that teaches how to minimize energy use. The U.S. Department of Energy offers free information for hosting energy efficiency educational programs and plans. For more information please visit: Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 38/57

39 APPENDIX A: EQUIPMENT LIST Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 39/57

40 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 40/57

41 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 41/57

42 Note: The remaining useful life of a system (in %) is an estimate based on the system date of built and existing conditions derived from visual inspection. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 42/57

43 Appendix B: Lighting Study Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 43/57

44 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 44/57

45 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 45/57

46 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 46/57

47 Legend: Fixture Type Exit Sign Screw-in Pin Parabolic Recessed 2'U-shape Circiline Exterior HID (High Intensity Discharge) Lamp Type Control Type Ballast Type Retrofit Category LED N (None) N/A (None) N/A (None) Inc (Incandescent) S (Switch) E (Electronic) T8 (Installl new T8) 1'T5 OS (Occupancy Sensor) M (Magnetic) T5 (Install new T5) 2'T5 T (Timer) CFL (Install new CFL) 3'T5 PC (Photocell) LEDex (Install new LED Exit) 4'T5 D (Dimming) LED (Install new LED) 2'T8 DL (Daylight Sensor) D (Delamping) 3'T8 M (Microphonic Sensor) C (Controls Only) 4'T8 6'T8 8'T8 2'T12 3'T12 4'T12 6'T12 8'T12 CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lightbulb) MR16 Halogen MV (Mercury Vapor) MH (Metal Halide) HPS (High Pressure Sodium LPS (Low Pressure Sodium) Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 47/57

48 APPENDIX C: THIRD PARTY ENERGY SUPPLIERS Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 48/57

49 APPENDIX D: GLOSSARY AND METHOD OF CALCULATIONS Net ECM Cost: The net ECM cost is the cost experienced by the customer, which is typically the total cost (materials + labor) of installing the measure minus any available incentives. Both the total cost and the incentive amounts are expressed in the summary for each ECM. Annual Energy Cost Savings (AECS): This value is determined by the audit firm based on the calculated energy savings (kwh or Therm) of each ECM and the calculated energy costs of the building. Lifetime Energy Cost Savings (LECS): This measure estimates the energy cost savings over the lifetime of the ECM. It can be a simple estimation based on fixed energy costs. If desired, this value can factor in an annual increase in energy costs as long as the source is provided. Simple Payback: This is a simple measure that displays how long the ECM will take to breakeven based on the annual energy and maintenance savings of the measure. ECM Lifetime: This is included with each ECM so that the owner can see how long the ECM will be in place and whether or not it will exceed the simple payback period. Additional guidance for calculating ECM lifetimes can be found below. This value can come from manufacturer s rated lifetime or warranty, the ASHRAE rated lifetime, or any other valid source. Operating Cost Savings (OCS): This calculation is an annual operating savings for the ECM. It is the difference in the operating, maintenance, and / or equipment replacement costs of the existing case versus the ECM. In the case where an ECM lifetime will be longer than the existing measure (such as LED lighting versus fluorescent) the operating savings will factor in the cost of replacing the units to match the lifetime of the ECM. In this case or in one where one-time repairs are made, the total replacement / repair sum is averaged over the lifetime of the ECM. Return on Investment (ROI): The ROI is expresses the percentage return of the investment based on the lifetime cost savings of the ECM. This value can be included as an annual or lifetime value, or both. Net Present Value (NPV): The NPV calculates the present value of an investment s future cash flows based on the time value of money, which is accounted for by a discount rate (assumes bond rate of 3.2%). Internal Rate of Return (IRR): The IRR expresses an annual rate that results in a break-even point for the investment. If the owner is currently experiencing a lower return on their capital than the IRR, the project is financially advantageous. This measure also allows the owner to compare ECMs against each other to determine the most appealing choices. Gas Rate and Electric Rate ($/therm and $/kwh): The gas rate and electric rate used in the financial analysis is the total annual energy cost divided by the total annual energy usage for the 12 month billing period studied. The graphs of the monthly gas and electric rates reflect the total monthly energy costs divided by the monthly usage, and display how the average rate fluctuates throughout the year. The average annual rate is the only rate used in energy savings calculations. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 49/57

50 Calculation References Term ECM AOCS AECS LOCS* LECS LCS NPV IRR DR Net ECM Cost LECS AOCS LCS Simple Payback Lifetime ROI Annual ROI Definition Energy Conservation Measure Annual Operating Cost Savings Annual Energy Cost Savings Lifetime Operating Cost Savings Lifetime Energy Cost Savings Lifetime Cost Savings Net Present Value Internal Rate of Return Discount Rate Total ECM Cost Incentive AECS X ECM Lifetime LOCS / ECM Lifetime LOCS+LECS Net ECM Cost / (AECS + AOCS) (LECS + LOCS Net ECM Cost) / Net ECM Cost (Lifetime ROI / Lifetime) = [(AECS + OCS) / Net ECM Cost (1 / Lifetime)] * The lifetime operating cost savings are all avoided operating, maintenance, and/or component replacement costs over the lifetime of the ECM. This can be the sum of any annual operating savings, recurring or bulk (i.e. one-time repairs) maintenance savings, or the savings that comes from avoiding equipment replacement needed for the existing measure to meet the lifetime of the ECM (e.g. lighting change outs). Excel NPV and IRR Calculation In Excel, function =IRR (values) and =NPV(rate, values) are used to quickly calculate the IRR and NPV of a series of annual cash flows. The investment cost will typically be a negative cash flow at year 0 (total cost - incentive) with years 1 through the lifetime receiving a positive cash flow from the annual energy cost savings and annual maintenance savings. The calculations in the example below are for an ECM that saves $850 annually in energy and maintenance costs (over a 10 year lifetime) and takes $5,000 to purchase and install after incentives: Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Blairstown Elementary School Page 50/57