student pretest preparing for graduation (Grades 11-12)

Transcription

1 student pretest preparing for graduation (Grades 11-12)

2 1. Name three indicators of climate change in the Arctic. 2. List two things scientists think are causing climate change. 3. When permafrost and organic matter it contains thaws, what gases will be released into the atmosphere? 4. How is the recorded information of observations made by Elders important to understanding climate change and its affects on communities? 5. What makes a greenhouse gas different from the other gases present in the atmosphere? 6. Greenhouse gases play a vital role in regulating what? 7. List two ways that a significant rise in the level of greenhouse gases could affect your community. 8. Match the greenhouse gas with its source. Carbon Dioxide occurs naturally from anaerobic decomposition and from livestock digestion Methane burning of oil, gas, coal, wood; fertilizers, coal mining; also occurs naturally Nitrous Oxide occurs naturally through decomposition, volcanoes, forest fires; also occurs through burning of oil and gas, cement manufacturing, and deforestation

3 9. Circle one. Methane is produced by the anaerobic / aerobic decomposition of organic matter. 10. What is albedo? 11. How does albedo affect global temperatures? 12. In the space below, draw a feedback loop that shows the relationship between absorbed sunlight, melting snow and ice, and lower albedo. Describe what your diagram means. 13. Name the traditional technology used to protect eyes from the high albedo of snow. 14. What do scientists think is causing thousands of Alaska lakes to shrink and dry?

4 preparing for graduation (11-12) 15. There is a retrogressive thaw slump along the Selawik River causing sediment to cloud the river water. How might this affect the sheefish population? 16. If the permafrost in your community were to thaw, name one good thing and one bad thing that might result. Good: Bad: 17. What is permafrost? 18. Look at the trumpet curve graph below, then answer the questions: A. At what depth does the active layer end? Pearl Creek School (2006) Temperature (C) B. At what depth does the graph show zero amplitude? 19. Explain the process that causes the formation of an icewedge polygon. Include temperature and other conditions necessary. Draw a diagram if desired. Depth (m) November 1, 2005 December 1, 2005 January 1, 2006 February 1, 2006 March 1, 2006 April 1, 2006 May 1, 2006 June 1, 2006 July 1, 2006 August 1, 2006 September 1, 2006 October 1, 2006

5 20. Why is it important to monitor how climate change is impacting the population of animals hunted for subsistence? 21. Circle the best answer. Salmon are an important element in: A. Alaska s economy D. A and C B. Alaska s natural resource management E. A, B and C C. the diet of Alaska s people 22. Look at the graph shown at right. To what would you attribute the correlation between the break up of the Tanana River and the date that the trees experience budburst? _ 23. List three ways that people are responding to changing animal migration routes. 24. Which of the following is NOT a response to changing travel conditions. Circle the best answer. A. Set longer trap lines to harvest more animals in one trip. D. Change harvest locations. B. Fly to other communities. E. Buy less food from the store. 25. List three ways that climate change might affect a community s water supply. 26. The population of moose has declined in a certain boreal forest area. Name two human causes and two natural reasons this might have occurred. Human Causes: Natural Causes:

6 27. Circle one. Climatology is: A. a change in the statistical distribution of weather B. the scientific study of climate C. the general, or average weather conditions of a certain region D. an ecological community of plants, animals and microorganisms 28. What is traditional knowledge and how is it different from Western science? 29. Why is it important to seek more than one perspective when examining a complex issue such as climate change? 30. A. Match the traditional knowledge box with the corresponding Western science box. Old timers, I used to listen to the old timers a lot, you know, and they tell us that the weather is going to get old; it s going to stay warm all the time in years to come. And that s what s happening. Winter like in the fall time it stays warm until way in November sometimes. Tony Sam, Huslia Elder (Sam, 2004) Dr. Romanovsky, professor of geophysics at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, says permafrost has warmed about 1.5 degrees Celsius during the past 30 years. He predicts sinking buildings, roller-coaster roads, and boreal forest changing to wetlands could be realities of the near future. Alaska Science Forum, The rut has been disrupted in recent years because of changes in the weather. Their breeding season (moose) has moved later. R.S. Middle Yukon Advisory Committee Meeting February 13, 2008, noted in Seasons Out of Balance: Climate change impacts, vulnerability, and sustainability adaptation in Interior Alaska, p. 167, s. McNeeley, 2009 Temperature records for Alaska are spotty prior to the 1940s. Data collection, coupled with on the ground observations, provide a picture of a century of change in the state, trending toward a warmer climate. Alaska Climate Research Ctr., B. What is the climate change issue addressed by this example? 31. Describe an example of a sustainable decision and explain what makes it sustainable.