Canadian CO 2 Capture & Storage and Zero Emissions Technology Initiatives

Transcription

1 Canadian CO 2 Capture & Storage and Zero Emissions Technology Initiatives Frank Campbell & Kelly Thambimuthu CANMET Energy Technology Centre, Natural Resources Canada... Addressing national and global challenges in a sustainable development context

2 The Canadian Context! Canadian energy policy is framed within the context of Sustainable Development! Sustainable Development Pursuit of a balanced portfolio of Environmental, Economic and Social goals! For energy, Sustainable Development aims to: " Reduce energy use, intensity, emissions (and carbon content)! A major driver is Climate Change which for fossil fuels includes Management, Storage or Use of carbon emissions! Zero Emissions Technology is the natural evolution of leading Canadian initiatives on CO 2 Capture and Storage in place since the mid 1990 s

3 CO 2 Capture & Storage - Zeroing Emissions ECBM EOR Abandoned Reservoirs, Saline Aquifers

4 Other Atmospheric Pollutants Removed! Particulate Matter both direct & indirect, tightening standard PM 2.5µm (2010) later PM 1µm! Acid Rain Emissions - NOx & SOx strong evidence of additional contribution to fine particulates in atmosphere! Control of emissions of 11 hazardous trace elements most problematic being mercury! Total management of discharges to land & water

5 Drivers, Issues and Needs for Canadian ZET Drivers! Kyoto Protocol ratified! Market price for carbon! Regulation, more demanding air quality standards! Market opportunities EOR and ECBM Issues and Needs! CO 2 capture costs, efficiency, reliability, improved technologies & systems! Effectiveness of storage in EOR and ECBM! Storage capacity & cost of reservoirs, monitoring and verification! Safety and integrity of sub-surface storage and longer term issues affecting fixation and leakage! Regulatory mechanism, royalty structures & ownership

6 Components of Current Canadian Strategy Sources Purity of CO 2 supply, cost and location! High purity and low cost H 2, ammonia and fertilizer plants, natural gas processing; tonnage 8Mt/y CO 2! Low purity and high cost Power and industrial plants; tonnage 67 Mt/y CO 2! Above in proximity of sinks in western Canadian sedimentary basin (WCSB) Sinks Storage and use (WCSB)! Revenue generating use EOR and ECBM; tonnage ~1-10 Gt CO 2! Meeting current regulatory requirement acid gas injection; tonnage ~ 1 Mt/y CO 2! Storage in other geologic media - disused oil & gas, saline aquifers; tonnage ~10-100(?) Gt CO 2

7 Current Canadian Projects on Capture & Storage CO 2 Sources Capture Storage/ Use Sink Capacity Inventories of CO 2 Sources (AGS-EUB, Edmonton) Solvent-Based Capture (ITC, Regina) Weyburn EOR Project (PTRC, Regina) CO 2 Storage Capacity of Canadian Coal Seams (NRCan/GSC) AGS- Alberta Geological Survey EUB - Alberta Energy Utilities Board ITC - International Test Centre (University of Regina) ARC- Alberta Research Council PTRC- Petroleum Technology Research Centre GSC-Geological Survey of Canada Oxy-fuel Combustion (NRCan/CETC,Ottawa) Membrane Capture (ARC, Edmonton and CETC, Ottawa) Modelling Cycles Clean Energy Centre (University of Waterloo) Clean Coal Retrofit & New Plant (Canadian Clean Power Coalition) Enhanced Recovery of Coal-Bed Methane (ARC, Edmonton) Acid Gas Injection (ARC, AGS-EUB, Edmonton) CO 2 Storage in Gas Hydrates (NRCan/GSC) CO 2 Sequestration In Oil Sands Tailings (NRCan/CETC,Devon) CO 2 Storage Capacity of Alberta's Oil & Gas Pools (AGS-EUB) Suitability of Sedimentary Basins for CO 2 storage (AGS-EUB, Edmonton)

8 AGS/EUB - Inventory of CO 2 Sources in WCSB

9 CO 2 Storage AGS-EUB Suitability of WCSB for CO 2 Storage

10 International Test Centre R & D of Solvent Based CO 2 Capture! Goal: To refine solvent based capture technologies and reduce the cost of capturing CO 2 from flue gases. " MEA (base solvent) and MEA alternatives " Optimizing column internals and size " Process integration! Partners: University of Regina, governments of Canada, Saskatchewan, Alberta and US, utilities and international industry! Two locations, three components: " University of Regina lab, small pilot scale process development facilities " Technology Demonstration Plant Boundary Dam slip stream from coal plant! Status: " Boundary Dam operating " ITC Building in Summer 2002

11 International Test Centre (ITC) Testing facilities Technology Demonstration Pilot Plant: Boundary Dam Power Station near Estevan Multi-Purpose Process Development Pilot Plants: University of Regina Research Facilities: University of Regina U of R Research Facilities (Absorption units / reactors) U of R Technology development (10-m H 12 in. ID) (10-m H 18 in. ID) Boundary Dam Semi-commercial testing (20-m H 18 in. ID) Commercial unit

12 International Test Centre (ITC) Some research targets Relative height requirement Relative height requirement Gempak-1.5A Gempak-1.5A Gempak-2A Gempak-2A Gempak-3A Gempak-3A Gempak-4A Gempak-4A Specific Specific surface surface area area of of packing packing (m (m 2 /m 2 /m 3 ) 3 ) Relative height (z/z Relative height (z/z o ) o ) Gempak-1.5A Gempak-1.5A Gempak-2A Gempak-2A Gempak-3A Gempak-3A Gempak-4A Gempak-4A CO CO 2 concentration 2 concentration in in gas gas stream stream (%) (%)

13 CETC R&D in Oxy-fuel Combustion O 2 /CO 2 Recycle Combustion! Goal: A cost effective CO 2 capture technology using oxygen firing with recycle of CO 2 " CO 2 and integrated emissions " Virtual plant simulation " Burner design and testing! Partners: " Governments of Canada, Alberta, and US, Canadian utilities, international companies and IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme! Location: CANMET Energy Technology Centre, Ottawa! Status: " Phase 6 - multi-pollutant removal in condensing environment, advanced cycles (including turbines & SOFC) " Using previously-developed software to design industrial-scale burner and a natural gas fired/steam turbine industrial unit

14 CETC R&D in Oxy-fuel Combustion Research Pathways including Gasification (2) Energy Conversion Operation Technologies Combustion Atmospheric CO 2 Scrubbing: Amine Fossil Fuel Pressurized Oxy-Combustion: Retrofits Gasification Reforming Pressurized Pressurized CO 2 removal CO + H 2 H 2 New units Hydrogen Combined cycles Fuel cells

15 Clean Energy Centre, University of Waterloo Modelling Cycles & Optimization! Goal: To study and optimize the overall system performance and economics of CO 2 capture alternatives " amine scrubbing retrofit case study for OPG Nanticoke power plant " O 2 /CO 2 recycle combustion vs amine scrubbing case studies " IGCC / polygeneration case study with CO 2 capture " solid oxide fuel cell modelling with CO 2 capture " hydrogasificaction process modelling with CO 2 capture! Partners: Government of Canada (NSERC), Ontario Power Generation, CCPC, and the CANMET CO 2 Consortium

16 Canadian Clean Power Coalition Retrofit & New Coal Based Power Plants! Goal: Full-scale demonstration of coal-fired electricity with capture of CO 2 and virtual elimination of other emissions " Feasibility Study ~ 2002/03 " Retrofit Pilot ~ 2007 " Greenfield Demonstration Project ~ 2010! Partners in feasibility study: " Utilities, coal producers, federal and provincial governments, EPRI, IEA Greenhouse Program and IEA Clean Coal Centre! Location: " Lead performers and location of plants not yet defined, feasibility study at this stage! Status: " Phase 1 - Engineering feasibility assessment of technology options nearing completion " Phase 2 & 3- Detailed design and construction - Multistakeholder workshop in March

17 CO 2 Use & Storage IEA Weyburn EOR CO 2 Monitoring Project! Goal: Assessment of the mobility and long-term integrity and fate of CO 2 when used for enhanced oil recovery! Partners: Encana, Governments of Canada, Saskatchewan, European Union and USA, Petroleum Technology Research Centre, oil/gas and utility industries, private sector and university performers under auspices of IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme! Location: Weyburn, Saskatchewan! Status: "Baseline geological studies complete - August 2000 "CO 2 injection started - September 2000 "Monitoring - Ongoing

18 CO 2 Use & Storage IEA Weyburn EOR CO 2 Monitoring Project (2) Specific project objectives! Identify the HSE risks associated with geological storage and propose mitigation measures! Understand chemical, physical and ecological impacts of geologic storage! Develop technologies for monitoring, maximization of storage efficiency and verification of integrity of CO 2 sequestration! Develop an economic model Edmonton Regina Calgary R.14 R.13 R.12W2 T.7 Regina Weyburn Saskatchewan Canada CO 2 USA T.6 T.5 North Dakota Bismarck

19 Weyburn: Assessment of CO 2 Sequestration A number of escape scenarios will be analyzed: 1. Potential longterm release 2. Rapid shortcircuit release 3. Induced seismic event 4. Disruption of host rock 5. Release to aquifer

20 CO 2 Use & Storage ARC - CO 2 Enhanced Recovery of Coal Bed Methane! Goal: Injection of CO 2 into deep coal beds for storage and to enhance coal-bed methane recovery " Phase 1: feasibility of concept in low permeability reservoirs " Phase 2: single well test using CO 2 and modeling " Phase 3A: second well and testing simulated mixtures " Phase 3B: five spot pilot tests, novel CO 2 generation sources! Partners: Alberta Research Council, Governments of Canada, Alberta, U.S., U.K., Australia, Netherlands, Japan and industry (oil & gas, utilities) and IEA-GHG! Location: Initially, Fenn Big Valley Field, Alberta! Status: " Phase 3B: five spot pilot, next step

21 CO 2 Use & Storage ARC- CO 2 Enhanced Recovery of Coal Bed Methane (2)

22 CO 2 Storage ARC-EUB Acid Gas Injection! Goal: Prove storage of CO 2 in geological formations from acid gas re-injection. " Phase 1: Geological and engineering review of the 31 projects in operation in Alberta " Phase 2: Due diligence on one site to highlight outstanding issues " Phase 3: Field monitoring of a selected site! Partners: Alberta Research Council, Alberta Geological Survey, Federal, Provincial Governments and the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme! Location: Various locations in Alberta! Status: " Phase 1 now complete

23 NRCan-GSC Coal Bed CO 2 Storage Capacity-Methane Content

24 NRCan-GSC Coal Bed CO 2 Storage Capacity-Methane Content Calgary Alberta

25 ... a network to coordinate activities undertaken by groups and/or entities working on research, development and implementation of national CO 2 Capture and Storage Technology initiatives... An initiative under the Climate Change Action Plan 2000

26 CCCSTN Structure Management Committee of CCSTN National Coordinator & Secretariat-CETC International Liason IEA-GHG IEA-ZETS IPCC Steering Committee Of Node Coordinators Others CCP-EU-USA Industry Led Bill Gunter ARC Industry Led Stefan Bachu AGS-EUB Industry Led P.Tontiwachwuthikul ITC - Regina Large Demos Monitoring & Verification Storage Engineering Geoscience CO2 Transport Capture Technology CCPC Surface Monitoring Oil reservoirs Geology Pipelining Post Combustion WEYBURN Insitu Monitoring Gas reservoirs Geochemistry Tankers Oxy-fuel Combustion ARC-ECBM Safety & Risk Saline Aquifers Geotechnical Pre- Combustion AGR Standards/ Protocols Other Geological Deep Hydrogeology Ground Water

27 CCCSTN - International Linkages IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Program National coordinator as Chairman IEA supporting projects; PTRC-Weyburn, ARC- ECBM, ITC - Regina, CETC- Oxyfuel, AGS-EUB/ARC Acid Gas Injection, Canadian Clean Power Coalition Canada to host 2004 GHGT 7 Conference, Vancouver IEA Zero Emissions Technology Strategy National coordinator as delegate Developing strategy, communications and outreach as member of working group Presentation on ZETS at IEA Workshop at COP 8, Oct 2002, New Delhi Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC Developing Special Assessment Report on CO2 Capture & Storage IPCC Workshop on CO2 Capture & Storage, Nov 2002, Regina National co-ordinator on IPCC program committee and presented at workshop Australian CO 2 Cooperative Research Centre National coordinator as advisor and referee to Australian program Delegation visit Jan 2002, Regina Developing formal linkages with Canadian projects (ARC and ITC) Others - IEA Clean Coal Centre, CCP, USDOE and EU Networks November 2002 UK-DTI Trade Delegation on CO2 Capture & Storage

28 National Technology Roadmaps Clean Coal Technology Roadmap $ Aims to identify technologies, processes, and integration system pathways needed to allow coal to be used as a competitive pollution and greenhouse gas emission free energy resource CO2 Capture and Geological Storage Roadmap $Similarly to identify technologies, processes and integration system pathways needed to allow the deployment of CO 2 capture and storage in Canada. Approach will also address the decarbonisation of fossil fuels for large scale hydrogen production Status of TRMs $ Activity underway with stakeholders on both TRMs Roadmaps to address technology horizon to 2020

29 Closing Remarks! Zero emissions technologies - a priority within Canada s climate change response options and part of a sustainable development strategy! Breaks link between emission of CO 2 from fossil fuel use and permits the continuing use of the existing energy infrastructure! Canadian industry has taken the lead in many technology projects with strong support from provincial and federal governments, academia approximately $40M for R&D projects, plus $42M at Weyburn, over 5 years! Many R, D and D challenges remain to be addressed before Zero Emissions Technologies become adopted on a wider scale improved CO 2 capture technologies, advanced energy cycles, lower penalties and costs; transportation infrastructure; geological fixation, risks of leakage, monitoring and improved CBM productivity to name a few! There is a compelling need for a wider energy infrastructure based, integrated approach to carbon management! Close cooperation both nationally and globally is vital for success several Canadian projects are being carried out as international collaborations and have engaged the active support of the USDOE