CO 2 QUEST. Techno-economic Assessment of Impact of CO 2 Impurities on its Transport and Storage. Haroun Mahgerefteh. University College London

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1 CO 2 QUEST Techno-economic Assessment of Impact of CO 2 Impurities on its Transport and Storage Haroun Mahgerefteh University College London h.mahgerefteh@ucl.ac.uk 1

2 The Problem The captured CO 2 will contain a range of different types of impurities each having its own impact on the different parts of the CCS chain. 2

3 CO 2 Impurities Raw / dehumidified Oxyfuel combustion Double flashing Distillation Pre-combustion Post-combustion CO 2 vol% O 2 vol% N 2 vol% Ar vol% NO X ppm SO 2 ppm SO 3 ppm N.I. H 2 O ppm CO ppm H 2 S/COS ppm H 2 ppm CH 4 ppm CO 2 QUEST 3

4 The Challenge Trace elements such as Lead, Mercury and Arsenic in the CO 2 stream are of far greater concern in an aquifer storage site as compared to the pipeline. On the other hand, even small concentrations of water in the CO 2 stream cause pipeline corrosion, but of benefit even at high concentrations during storage. What is good for the pipeline is not necessarily good for storage. 4

5 project European Commission FP7-ENERGY Start date: 1 st March 2013 Duration: 36 months Coordinator: UCL Collaboration of 10 partners from 8 countries 5

6 Project partners University College London (UK) Coordinator Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine (UK) University of Leeds (UK) Uppsala Universitet (Sweden) National Research Centre for Physical Sciences Demokritos (Greece) CANMET Energy, (Canada) Research Centre for Steel Related Applications, OCAS (Belgium) National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risques, INERIS (France) Dalian University of Technology (China) Federal Inst. for Geosciences and Natural Resourses, BGR (Germany) 6

7 WP1: Fluid Properties and Phase Behaviour Determination of the range and level of impurities expected in CO2 product gas streams from different capture technologies and other CO2 intensive industries Amine plant 250 kw oxy-fuel test facility (Pilot Scale Advanced Capture, PACT) CO 2 purification pilot unit (DUT) 7

8 WP1: Fluid Properties and Phase Behaviour Experimental Evaluation Transport properties of CO 2 with impurities VLE data for binary, ternary and multi-component CO 2 mixtures. Insulation (vaccum) 1 l autoclave (can be heated) Discharge line with temperature and pressure drop measurement External temperature regulated A small-scale adiabatic calorimeter for thermodynamic and transport properties of d CO 2 mixtures at INERIS Discharge orifice (2 g/s) CanmetENERGY s high pressure CO 2 test facility 8

9 WP1: Fluid Properties and Phase Behaviour Equation of State (EoS) Development and Validation Develop and integration of new SAFT-based models for CO 2 mixtures with typical impurities applicable to solid-phase CO 2 (dry ice) and electrolytic solutions (H2O+brine) Solubility of water in CO2: Points - experimental data, Solid lines - PC-SAFT Dashed lines - tpc-psaft Predictions of phase envelopes for binary mixtures of CO2 with 5% (mole) of impurities, with PR (a) and PC-SAFT (b). 9

10 WP2: CO 2 Transport Pressure Drop/Compressor Requirement The impact of impurities on the pipeline capacity, pressure drop, fluid phase and compressor power requirements Pipeline networks Multi-stage compression strategy 10

11 WP2.1 Compression strategies Pipeline transportation Compression of captured/ purified CO2 CO 2 QUEST 11

12 Power (MW) WP2.1 Compression strategies effect of impurities Compression Cooling Comparison of compression and cooling power requirements for 8-stage compression of CO 2 streams of different purity CO 2 QUEST 12

13 WP2: CO 2 Transport Near-Field Dispersion Medium and large-scale experimental studies of high pressure CO 2 with impurities releases and model validation Instrumented 40 m long, 40 mm id test pipeline at INERIS Instrumented 256 m long, 233 mm i.d. test pipeline at Lioahe Oilfield, China CFD predictions of the near-field shock structure of a CO 2 release 13

14 WP2: Medium scale outflow and release tests (a) High-speed video recording snapshots of flow through a transparent section of 40 mm i.d. 70 bar CO 2 pipeline following its full bore rupture (a) and 6 mm dia puncture (b) (b) 14

15 WP2: Medium scale outflow and release tests 2 sec 10 sec 20 sec 30 sec High-speed photographs of the flow in the pipe (top) and the CO 2 release jet (bottom) at different times after the initiation of the pipeline decompression (12 mm orifice)

16 WP2: CO 2 Transport Brittle Fracture Small puncture in buried pipeline CO 2 QUEST 16

17 WP2: Fracture experiments Charpy impact test for different steel being considered for CO 2 transportation 17

18 WP2.3: Experimental validation (DUT) 256 m long, 233 mm i.d fully instrumented pipeline for rupture experiments CO 2 QUEST 18

19 WP2.3: Experimental validation (DUT) CO 2 release experiment CO 2 QUEST 19

20 WP3: CO 2 Storage Reservoir Integrity Experimental Evaluation of Impurities Effects on Storage Properties 1. Laboratory experiments - impurities effects on the mechanical properties of the reservoir and caprock 2. Singe-well push-pull experiments of CO 2 and water at the Heletz test site 3. Injection of industrial grade CO 2 in a shallow freshwater aquifer for the monitoring of the trace elements impurities Modelling of the Impurities Impacts on Geological Storage 1. Modelling the critical processes and study of the impurities impacts 2. Modelling of the in situ field injection experiment 3. Modelling the reservoir-scale impacts of impure CO 2 20

21 WP5: Impacts and Risk Assessment 1. Analysis of incremental risks across the CCS chain associated with the presence of impurities 2. Development of decision making risk assessment tools accounting for the role of impurities (safety and environmental impact) 3. Planning prevention and mitigation measures for selected risks 21

22 Project value The results of the study will be used to provide recommendations for the development of relevant standards for the safe design and operation of CCS: tolerance levels for CO 2 impurities, mixing protocols for CO 2 -rich streams from various sources control measures for pipeline networks and storage infrastructure. 2

23 Acknowledgements and Disclaimer The research leading to the results described in this presentation has received funding from the European Union 7 th Framework Programme FP7-ENERGY STAGE under grant agreement number The presentation reflects only the authors views and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. 23

24 Thank you Contact details Questions Haroun Mahgerefteh Project Coordinator University College London Gower Street, London, United Kingdom Tel: Fax: