Dual Use Hybrid Power and Energy Systems in the High Arctic

Transcription

1 Dual Use Hybrid Power and Energy Systems in the High Arctic Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 Martin Kegel, Natural Resources Canada IESMA Session 4 November 15, 2018 Classification: NATO UNCLASSIFIED

2 NATURAL RESOURCES CANADA (NRCan) Mandate: Improve the quality of life of Canadians by enhancing the responsible development and use of Canada s resources, including energy, forests, minerals and metals. Four strategic priorities: 1. Expanding markets and global partnerships 2. Unlocking resource potential through responsible development 3. Innovating for competitiveness and environmental performance 4. Leveraging S&T knowledge for safety and security risk management

3 Innovation and Energy Technology Sector Minister s Office Deputy Minister s Office Science & technology leader in the fields of: Earth Sciences Energy Forests Minerals and Metals Innovation and Energy Technology Sector (IETS) Assistant Deputy Minister Office of Energy Research and Development Canmet Research Centres Policy and Planning Branch CanmetENERGY Varennes, QC CanmetENERGY Ottawa, ON CanmetENERGY Devon, AB CanmetMATERIALS Hamilton, ON

4 CanmetENERGY Research Centres Enhance the responsible development and use of Canada s resources. Provide tools and develop knowledge to help decision makers. Collaborate with other federal departments to support the advancement of scientific projects. Support federal department GHG emission reductions by 40% by 2030 and 80% by 2050.

5 Department of National Defence (DND) Canada s Defence Policy: Strong, Secured, Engaged Defence Energy and Environment Strategy

6 Federal Department Collaboration Since 2010, multi-departmental efforts have been undertaken to reduce the Department of National Defence s dependency of diesel fuel of their infrastructure and deployed camps. Dual-Use (military and civilian) for diesel reduction strategies of Northern/Remote Communities. Canadian Joint Operations Command (DND) Responsible for conducting full-spectrum CAF Operations Defence Research and Development Canada (DND) National leader in defence and security science and technology NRCan-CanmetENERGY Canada s leading research and technology organization in the field of clean energy

7 Canada s Northern/Remote Communities 300 Northern Communities, which are isolated from each-other and the grid. Numerous remote data communication and data logging stations throughout the North. Lack of local resources and harsh climate results in a heavy dependency of diesel fuel for electricity production and space heating. Reference:

8 DND Northern/Remote Sites In the Arctic, DND has approximately 120 buildings and 60,000 m² of heated floor area. Sites/infrastructure that have a heavy reliance of diesel fuel, which must be flown in in some instances. Many other sites for remote telecommunication and data-logging with heavy reliance of fossil fuel. CFS Alert Aerial view of main complex Ref: CFS Alert Telecommunication System, Ref: NRCan Defence Research and Development, Gascoyne Inlet, Ref: DRDC

9 Challenge: How can we lower diesel dependency? Cold Temperatures < - 50 C Polar night can be 150 days long (CFS Alert) Strong demand on space heating (80% energy end use for space heating) Building Roadmap Generation Recover Reduce - Renewables - Waste Heat - Exhaust - Envelope - Operation - Lighting

10 Demonstrating diesel dependency reductions In collaboration with DND, CanmetENERGY has been involved in several projects demonstrating various aspects of the roadmap to reduce diesel dependency in a variety of scales. Solutions demonstrated can be replicated to other communities in the North. Integrated Camp Utility Technologies, Varennes, QC Direct methanol fuel cell + solar power, Gascoyne Inlet Polar Continental Shelf Program Facility, Resolute, NU Ref:

11 Gascoyne Inlet - Remote Data logging station Underwater acoustic arrays to be operated multiple times daily for extended operation. Location: Nunavut (75 N). Power draw is 500 W + auxiliary. Operation would require at least 2,500 L of diesel using a small 3 hp generator. Direct methanol fuel cell and data logging cabinet Solar PV arrays outside of hut Deployed a hybrid direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and solar photo-voltaic (PV) system. DMFC produces 110 W. Solar PV generates 530 W peak. 312 Ahr battery storage. System consumes ~175 L of methanol per year. Demonstration of concept for replication in other sites. Future work to extend operation through wind.

12 Polar Continental Shelf Program Facility, Resolute Facility of 8 buildings in combination with DND Arctic Training Centre. Increased operation demands resulted in a 500% and 800% increase in energy demand and operational costs respectively, over 2005 levels. Electricity requirements met from community diesel generators. 80% of infrastructure energy requirements are for space heating. Generation Recover Reduce Reduction in heating load - Improved envelope Alternative Power Generation - Solar PV (8% annual cost savings) - Wind (12% annual cost savings) - Diesel Generators (36% annual cost savings) Recover Heat - From exhaust - Cogeneration (50% annual cost savings) Polar Continental Shelf Program Facility, Ref: NRCan

13 Canadian Forces Station Alert Most Northern occupied facility in the planet. Location: Nunavut (82 N). Annual diesel consumption ~2,000,000 L. Hybrid Power? Through cogeneration, diesel generators play a critical role in meeting facility heat demand. Study to evaluate and demonstrate potential of using Arctic Ocean as a heat source (Sea Water Heat Pump). If suitable, solution would be demonstrated for replication in other communities. CFS Alert Aerial view, Ref: Unknown CFS Alert Main power Plant, Ref: NRCan

14 Community Level Hybrid Power Colville Lake Small community ~ 160 people. Location: Northwest Territories (67 N). Aging diesel plant due for replacement. Hybrid Power? Collaborative project with Northwest Territories Power Corporation to demonstrate solar potential in the North kw solar power kwh battery storage kw diesel generators Result is a 27% reduction in diesel plant use and just over 37,000 L of diesel per year. Diesel generators could be turned off during the summer. Solution can be replicated in other communities. Slide taken from NTPC Colville Lake Power Plant Presentation, Ref: Solar PV Array, Ref:

15 Tactical Deployed Camps Dependency on open flame systems to meet: Lighting Cooking Heating Batteries widely used for communication and surveillance equipment. Joint Arctic Experiment used to demonstrate alternative power and energy solutions. Typical 10 person tactical shelter, Ref: Electricity & Heat Insulated Shelter, Ref: DRDC Direct methanol fuel cell and battery pack, Ref: Ultracell Demonstration of thermal and electricity network, Ref: NRCan

16 Deployed Camps Heavy reliance on diesel fuel to meet shelter heating and electricity demands. Shelter heating can represent 80% of energy requirements in the Arctic. Diesel dependency reduction solutions could be replicated to other communities. Operation Nanook, 2012, Inuvik, Ref: DND 2013 Demonstration of recovering heat from diesel generator to reduce energy demand by 50%

17 Software Tools To identify suitable energy reduction initiatives the use of building/shelter energy modeling tools are beneficial. Permits the user to rapidly identify, assess and optimize the technical and financial viability of potential clean energy projects. Supported by DND to meet their infrastructure targets promoting the software to other Federal Departments and commercial sector. Used for Greening Government Operations lead by example. Permits the user to quickly develop a camp energy model to predict the power and energy requirements. Supported by DND to develop the software tool with eventual sharing to other NATO Nations. Part of the NATO Science for Peace and Security Project G5525.

18 Energy Metering Tools If you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it Lord Kelvin In collaboration with DND, rapidly deployable energy metering kits were developed to acquire baseline data of their deployed camps. These energy metering kits are now being adapted for permanent infrastructure to provide baseline data and energy efficient technology assessments. Also the basis for the NATO Science for Peace and Security Project G5525. Shelter energy end use metering device, Ref: DND Power distribution unit metering device, Ref: DND

19 Conclusion Dual-use applications an important strategy to achieve sustainable power and energy solutions in small markets. Strategy has been used to demonstrate hybrid power systems to reduce diesel dependency in very challenging environmental and remote geographical locations. Dual-use (military and civilian) applications can also go beyond hybrid power, which can include demonstration projects of energy efficiency, recovery of waste heat as well as the development of simple to use simulation and energy metering tools for better planning.

20 Acknowledgements Funding, support and logistics resources for the work described in this presentation has been provided by: Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC, DND) Canadian Joint Operations Command (CJOC, DND) Polar Continental Shelf Program (PCSP, NRCan) Greening Government Operation (GGO, NRCan) Northwest Territories Power Corporation (NTPC)

21 Questions Martin Kegel, Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY

22 Other Community Level Hybrid Power Systems For additional info: Yves Poissant, Renewable Energy Integration Group Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY