SDG#6 Ensure access to water and sanitation for all

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2 Water scarcity affects more than 40% of the global population and is projected to rise. 2.4 billion people lack access to basic sanitation services. More than 80% of waste water resulting from human activities is discharged into rivers or sea without any treatment. Every day, nearly 1000 children die due to preventable water and sanitation related diarrhoeal diseases. SDG#6 Ensure access to water and sanitation for all 2

3 Egypt suffers from low coverage of appropriate sanitation systems in rural areas. Rural sanitation: a remaining challenge 3

4 Studying the performance of different low-cost fabric materials, as an integrated unit within a low-cost treatment system, in the removal of TSS and COD from wastewater. The research aims at testing the performance of the selected fabric material at the pilot scale in Zawyet El Karatsah wastewater treatment plant in El-Fayyoum Governorate Egypt, using real sewage 4

5 An innovative, low cost model was designed, manufactured and tested in Fayoum WWTP 5

6 Submersible pump in the carrying channel of the raw sewage after grit removal. 2-Influent of the setup. 3-Up-flow anaerobic reactor P1 4-Down-flow anaerobic packed-bed baffled reactor. 5- Passive aeration. 6- Biological filter. 7- Sedimentation tank. 8- Slow sand filter. 9-Final effluent of the setup. 10-Sludge removal. 11- Vents to collect biogas. P Option 1 Option 2 6

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8 Part I - Laboratory Scale Experiment - Selection of the fabric material - Design of the laboratory scale experiment - Development of the sampling plan - Carrying out the experiment and recording of results Part II - Pilot Scale Experiment - Design of the pilot scale experiment - Development of the sampling plan - Carrying out the experiment and recording of results 8

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10 Carried out in the Central laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring affiliated to the National Water Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation in El Kanater El khayreya. Lasted for 14 months. Synthetic waste water was used having quality similar to the 2 points P1 (high strength water) and P2 (low strength water). 10

11 Waste Water Storage Container Container for Back Wash 3 Reactors Pump Manufactured Fabric filter 11

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13 Non woven fabric is a fabric-like material made from long fibers, bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat or solvent treatment. Woven fabric is a textile formed by weaving. 13

14 All fabrics used in this research are made from recycled Polyester which is manufactured by using previously used polyester items like PET bottles, polyester cloths etc. Polyester is plastic, made from Polyethylene Terepthalate (PET). 14

15 Different flux rates F1, F2 and F3 (36, 67 and 88 Liter/hr m 2 respectively). Different water heads H1, H2 and H3 (150, 175 and 200 cm) Different influent water characteristics High strength and low strength water resulting from the 2 points mentioned earlier P1 and P2 15

16 Time in Hours Sample number 0 Sample 0 (Influent wastewater) 1 Sample 1 (Effluent waste water) 2 Sample 2 (Effluent waste water) 4 Sample 3 (Effluent waste water) 6 Sample 4 (Effluent waste water) 8 Sample 5 (Effluent waste water) TSS and COD Using water (10 min every 8 hrs) Using chemicals 2 mixtures (NaOCl) (10 min every 24 hrs for low concentrations) (10 min every 48 hrs for high concentrations) 16

17 Part II was carried out in Zawyet El Karatsah Waste water treatment plant. Part II lasted for 4 months. Part II used real waste water resulting from 2 villages Manshiat Abdullah and Zawyet El Karatsah 17

18 Perforated stainless steel sheet Corrugated Filter inside the perforated metal Fabric filter unit Filtration Unit 18

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20 Fabric Filter Unit Three fabric filters fixation points Opening for maintenance A compact unit comprising four fabric-filter compartments followed by contact/ back-wash compartment A compartment comprising a filtration unit 20

21 The Fabric Filter System during Start up Experiments 21

22 Sampling Point 2 Sampling Point 3 Sampling Point 1 Sampling Point 5,6,7 Sampling Point 4 22

23 Point Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Point 4 Point 5 Point 6 Point 7 Description Raw wastewater Effluent of the anaerobic system in the existing system Effluent of the aerobic biological filter in the in the existing system, which is the influent of the fabric filter system (new installation) Effluent of the fabric filter system just before backwashing Effluent of the fabric filter system just after backwashing Effluent of the fabric filter system after backwashing by 1 hour Effluent of the fabric filter system after backwashing by 2 hour 23

24 TSS, COD, VSS, BOD, Ammonia, Nitrate, Total Phosphate Using water Each fabric filter unit is washed every 8 hrs. The time between washing of two consecutive fabric filter units is 2 hrs. Duration of the back wash is 2 min. 24

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26 TSS Concentration, mg/l 120 Fabric Fabric 2 60 Fabric 3 40 Fabric 4 20 Limits of law 48 - Year Time, h TSS removal along the time of the experiment (Initial TSS concentration 160 mg/l, Initial flux rate of 36 L/h/m 2 and a constant water head on the fabric of 1.75 m) 26

27 COD Concentration, mg/l Fabric 1 Fabric 2 Fabric 3 Fabric 4 Limits of law 48 - Year Time, h COD removal along the time of the experiment (Initial COD concentration 220 mg/l, Initial flux rate of 36 L/h/m 2 and a constant water head on the fabric of 1.75 m) 27

28 Concentration, mg/l Removal Efficiency, % Influent Effluent Removal Efficiency Time, days TSS removal with time of the pilot scale experiment 28

29 Concentration, mg/l Removal Efficiency, % Influent Effluent Removal Efficiency Time, days COD-total removal with time in the pilot scale experiment 29

30 Fabric materials were found to be useful in water filtration therefore they can be used in wastewater treatment. Fabric filtration using nonwoven fabrics was found to be an effective tool for waste water treatment in small communities. 30

31 The non-woven fabric coated with Teflon membrane (Fabric 2) having a specific weight of 542 g/m 2 and thickness of 1.77 mm was found to be the best fabric in terms of performance in the removal of various parameters under the following operating conditions; Flux rate 36 L/h/m 2 and a water head of m. However, this fabric has the highest price. Therefore, the non woven-woven scrim supported fabric (Fabric 1: having a specific weight of 375 g/m2 and thickness of 2.57 mm) and a locally manufactured nonwoven woven scrim polyester fabric material (Fabric 4: having a weight 254 g/m 2 and a thickness of 1.76 mm) are recommended for use as filtration materials in fabric filter cartridges. This is due to their performance in removal of TSS, workability and availability. 31

32 It is concluded that the complete system (ZECU integrated with the fabric filter unit) and which was installed in Zawyet El Karatsah wastewater treatment plant in EL Fayyoum Governorate (Egypt) succeeded to efficiently remove TSS. The average removal efficiency of TSS using the fabric filter unit were found to be 43%. The fabric filter unit were unable to efficiently remove COD and BOD because the major fractions of these parameters were dissolved in wastewater. 32

33 Acknowledgements Part of the current research (pilot-scale experiments) is funded by the Science and Technology Development Fund, STDF, Egypt, Grant No Thank you 33