Chile, 1997

Transcription

1 Chile, 1997

2 Chile, 1997

3 Chile, 1997

4 Switzerland, 1997

5 Switzerland, 1997

6 Switzerland, 1997

7 What can be said in 5-10 Minutes?

8 What can be said in 5-10 Minutes? Errors made in Switzerland during the last 40 years

9 Switzerland,

10 Switzerland,

11 Switzerland,

12 Switzerland,

13 Switzerland,

14 Switzerland,

15 Switzerland,

16 Why talking about errors?

17 Why talking about errors?..they teach us!

18 Why talking about errors?..they teach us!.. know-how transfer of commited errors is IMPORTANT

19 In-situ reduction of gas-risk due to landfills close to residential areas Markus Leuenberger, Switzerland Geoklock, SP

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21 The past: years ago - enough space - no neighbours - open area, risk was seen and smelt

22 The past: years ago - enough space - no neighbours - open area, risk was seen and smelt Today: landfill invisible & forgotten - residences are close - risk situation unknown - uncertainty?

23 What may result?

24 What may result? - no consciousness about the risk - behaviour is not safe - accident brings the forgotten landfill back

25 What may result? - no consciousness about the risk - behaviour is not safe - accident brings the forgotten landfill back

26 What may result? - no consciousness about the risk - behaviour is not safe - accident brings the forgotten landfill back March 1986, Loscoe explosion, Derbishire, UK

27 What may result? - no consciousness about the risk - behaviour is not safe - accident brings the forgotten landfill back March 1986, Loscoe explosion, Derbishire, UK Known accidents: Switzerland, Germany, Austria, UK, USA, Canada, Australia, Brasil...

28 Germany, 1991

29 Conjunto Habitacional Barão de Mauà

30 Conjunto Habitacional Barão de Mauà

31 Error 1 do not forget the landfills, and their risks

32 Error 1 do not forget the landfills, and their risks Check the situation systematically: - position - content (organic matter) - age - distance to housing -> cadastral plan

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34 Groundwater Process - velocity - reaction time - localization - calculability - engineering Problem?

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38 Error 2 landfill gas -> safety dynamic process different constraints do not compare with hydrogeology

39 Error 3 underestimation of the risk Nothing happened until today, so... there is no risk

40 Different Classes for the Explosion Risk

41 Risk-Aspects Explosion risk (CH4) Suffocation (CO2) Toxicity (H2S) 5m x 3m x 3m = 45 m3 EX: 5-15% CH4 -> m3

42 Risk-Aspects Explosion risk (CH4) Suffocation (CO2) Toxicity (H2S) 5m x 3m x 3m = 45 m3 EX: 5-15% CH4 -> m3 Depending on age, volume, organic content the Exsituation may be achieved in hours, days, but...

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52 Error 4 no paper solutions! take into consideration all the risks when evaluating measures

53 No publication of investigation results without a competent comment

54 No publication of investigation results without a competent comment

55 No publication of investigation results without a competent comment What is the risk situation? Measures needed? Speak the common language

56 No publication of investigation results without a competent comment What is the risk situation? Measures needed? Speak the common language Error 5

57 No publication of investigation results without a competent comment What is the risk situation? Measures needed? Speak the common language Error 5 Risk communication! -> honesty

58 Solution for these... methane high risk class 7-9 in-situ securing... Geneva, Zurich, Switzerland

59 Solution for these... methane high risk class 7-9 in-situ securing... Geneva, Zurich, Switzerland

60 Solution for these... methane high risk class 7-9 in-situ securing... Geneva, Zurich, Switzerland

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63 In-situ stabilization

64 In-situ stabilization 1. reducing risk, fast and safe

65 In-situ stabilization 1. reducing risk, fast and safe 2. reducing danger potential

66 In-situ stabilization 1. reducing risk, fast and safe 2. reducing danger potential 3. reducing cost for post care

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70 Proceeding

71 Proceeding 1. evacuation of methane

72 Proceeding 1. evacuation of methane 2. opening the surface, infiltration of air

73 Proceeding 1. evacuation of methane 2. opening the surface, infiltration of air 3. high pumping volume (suction of O2)

74 Proceeding 1. evacuation of methane 2. opening the surface, infiltration of air 3. high pumping volume (suction of O2) 4. soft aeration -> killing the bacteria

75 Proceeding 1. evacuation of methane 2. opening the surface, infiltration of air 3. high pumping volume (suction of O2) 4. soft aeration -> killing the bacteria 5. pumping and gas treatment

76 Proceeding 1. evacuation of methane 2. opening the surface, infiltration of air 3. high pumping volume (suction of O2) 4. soft aeration -> killing the bacteria 5. pumping and gas treatment 6. monitoring (emissions, indoors)

77 Anaerobic decomposition of organic matter

78 Aerobic decomposition of organic matter

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80 - no more methane production - no or very low EX risk - higher CO2 content -> suffocation risk in shafts (security measures) - acceleration of decomposition process, 2-5x - only badly decomposable substances - acceleration of settlements - monitore the influence of leachate water

81 Height of landfill 30m 10% -> 3m Maximum achieved much earlier

82 St. Gallen, Waldau

83 St. Gallen, Waldau

84 Zurich, ABB

85 Zurich, ABB

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87 Geneva,

88 Geneva,

89 Geneva,

90 Geneva,

91 Zurich, ABB

92 Do not take the same way we did...

93 Do not take the same way we did... do not commit the same errors!

94 In-situ reduction of gasrisk due to landfills close to houses Markus Leuenberger, Switzerland Norbert Brandsch, Geoklock, SP