Innovating evidence based practice for safe sanitation planning

Transcription

1 Innovating evidence based practice for safe sanitation planning Knowledge to Practice (K2P) using the Global Water Pathogen Project (GWPP) Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Innocent K. Tumwebaze (PhD) Water-K2P Country Director Heather Murphy (PhD) Assistant Professor, Temple University

2 Session Overview Introduction 15 minutes Break out sessions ( 50 minutes) Mapping ( 25 minutes) Sanitation App ( 25 minutes) Group Discussion ( 20 minutes) 11/12/2018 Improving data accessibility to support to support evidencebased approaches to safe water and sanitation

3 What Knowledge to Practice (K2P) is about? Improving accessibility to data through new ICT tools to support evidence-based practice for safe sanitation Using scientific data on pathogens to advocate for best practices Empowering Sanitation Service Providers Decision support tools Knowledge sharing Capacity building (training & awareness raising)

4 Target Stakeholder Groups and Uses of Tools Scale Possible Uses User Groups Global National/ Regional Guidelines and policies, educational programs Large scale implementation, resource prioritization, working across communities, watersheds, sectors UNESCO, WHO, UNICEF, UNDP Govt, Ministries, Water Authorities Local Building/ choosing sanitation systems, integration with education Institutions, utilities, NGOs, community coalitions 11/12/2018

5 What pathogens are found in sewage and excreta? Viruses Bacteria Protozoa Helminths eggs rotavirus Cholera, Typhoid Entamoeba Histolytica Hookworm Extremely Microscopic Size of algae Large small (smaller than Produce egg Produce eggs Infectious algae) like cysts Often need to Often move E.coli/ Resistant to mature in the like coliforms are chlorine environment chemicals bacteria Long survival

6 Pathogen flows in the environment

7 Why pathogen type is important? Size ( viruses < bacteria < protozoa < helminths) Important for removal or disinfection through treatment systems Important for transport into groundwater Persistence/ survival in the environment and treatment systems varies by organism type

8 What are fecal indicator organisms? Indirect indicators of fecal contamination in water Commonly used indicators are bacteria: Total Coliforms (TC) Fecal Coliforms (FC) E.coli

9 Why do we measure indicator organisms instead of specific pathogens? A. It is less expensive B. It is easier than measuring individual pathogens C. The occurrence of indicators in the environment corresponds really well with the occurrence of pathogens D. A & B E. A, B & C ANSWER D: A & B

10 Differences between pathogens and indicator organisms Indicators - Mostly bacteria - Present in larger quantities in feces and/or the environment - Easier to detect/ measure - Less costly to monitor - Indirectly can suggest a health risk Pathogens -Viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths -Present in lower quantities -Challenging to measure -More costly to monitor -Can be directly linked to health risk Total coliforms, fecal coliforms and E.coli belong to the bacteria group and don t behave like viruses, protozoa or helminths

11 Onsite Sanitation Survey bacterial, protozoan, and helminth pathogens K2P- Using data generated from the Global Water Pathogen Project (GWPP) Answer the following questions about the household sanitation facility. Onsite Containment and Treatment Has toilet? Ce Answ the ce sludge Total Flushed with water? Dual tanks or pits? Volum Tank(s)/pit(s) impermeable? Volum What Tank(s)/pit(s) emptied? Emptying frequency? 3 months What is the soil type? Secondary Predominant Loam Loam Lat: Centralized Treatment Facility Sand Sand Clay Silt Clay Silt Not sure Not sure Depth to groundwater? N Long: 6 Safe Sanitation App meters E contributors from 49 countries Pathogen Emissions Mapping Tool What

12 necessary data about onsite sanitation facilities to predict pathogen fate and transport Safe Sanitation App Onsite Sanitation Survey Predicts pathogen reduction for a Has toilet? given treatment technology Flushed with water? based Dual tanks or pits? and on design, environmental, Tank(s)/pit(s) impermeable? operational factorstank(s)/pit(s) emptied? months Emptying frequency? Helps with selection of appropriate What is the soil type? Secondary Predominant technolog(ies) to achieve safely Loam Loam Sand managed sanitation Sand Clay Clay Answer the following questions about the household sanitation facility. inform treat Intuitive plots will provide simple red/green coloring schemes to indicate the probability of achieving a target log reduction value for viral, bacterial, protozoan, and helminth pathogens Onsite Containment and Treatment C Answ the ce sludg Tota Volu Volu What 3 Silt Silt Not sure Not sure Depth to groundwater? Lat: 11/12/ N Long: 6 meters E What Centralized Treatment Facility

13 Mapping Tool Provide pathogen emission maps to surface water from treated and untreated wastewater to support decision making, resource prioritization and allocation Provide information on water quality 11/12/2018

14 Water Pathogen-K2P Project in Uganda Uganda is the first implementing partner country. In collaboration with the National Water and Sewerage Corporation. NWSC, is a Public Corporation fully owned by the Government of Uganda, mandated to provide water and sewerage services in Areas under its jurisdiction Overarching Strategic Framework: Water for all by Towns Towns Towns

15 Sewerage Services Coverage NWSC operates 2 conventional sewerage Plants 27 Waste stabilization Ponds 1 Feacal sludge Treatment plant (Kampala) Situation in Kampala

16 K2P project outcomes Primary outcome Improved access to scientific tools and data for for evidence-based sanitation safety planning. Intermediate Coalition of stakeholders who are involved in the K2P project to improve progress toward SDG 6. Improved analytical tools to: Support technology selection based on reduction of pathogens ( reduced health risks) Support resource allocation and decision making Increased capacity for stakeholders globally 11/12/2018 Improving data accessibility to support to support evidencebased approaches to safe water and sanitation

17 Thanks for listening For more information, visit: GWPP ( Contact:

18 Managing Pathogens in Liquids and Solids Pathogen Concentrations Are Reduced Concentrations Increase Bacteria only (only under the right conditions) Large volume Low concentration Reduction = Inactivation + Removal (from liquid) Reduction = Inactivation only (in solids) Volume is reduced Concentration increases

19 Concept: Pathogen Flow Diagrams Inactivated Treatment Entering the system Viable, in treated wastewater Viable in sludge