Innovative Mobile Payment and Metering Mechanism

Transcription

1 Innovative Mobile Payment and Metering Mechanism Anja Nina Kramer Senior Project Manager KfW Uganda 1

2 Current engagement of German Development Cooperation (GDC) for water and sanitation in Africa Largest bilateral development partner in Africa (current portfolio approx. EUR 1.2 billion) Focus on urban and peri-urban areas Aim is to reach 30 million people until 2015 (25 million with water supply, 5 million with sanitation) Niger Basin Authority (ABN) Dakar Bamako Accra Niamey Ouagadougou Cotonou Yaoundé Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) Kampala Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) CICOS Kinshasa Kigali Nairobi WAVEplus Countries with GDC engagement in water and sanitation Dar-es-Salaam Programmes in Regional Cooperation Windhoek Lusaka Lusaka Lilongwe Antananarivo No activities or activities in water sector but not focal area of development cooperation Maputo Pretoria. Johannesburg SADC 2

3 Ensuring Quality in Projects financed by GDC and enhancing Impacts in Development Challenges Approach Affordable drinking water for the urban low income areas Up scaling sanitation Sustainability Leveraging impacts Systemic approach (decentralised low-cost technology where possible increase of production capacity where necessary innovative metering and payment technology: prepaid community participation); human right; MDG Change of paradigm from end-of-pipe solutions towards resource-oriented wastewater systems (incl. sludge treatment and disposal) inter-institutional and community based awareness rising approaches Promoting tariffs that are cost covering; investment is always accompanied with Technical Assistance; integration of climate change measures for adaptation and mitigation Co-financing by partner countries and other development partners; harmonisation; participation of the private sector (PPP) 3

4 Public Private Partnership in the GDC Definition Private partner take the risk (no contractual basis for goods and services) Private partner acts as an intermediate (private sector is not the target group) Objectives of the GDC Mobilize private capital Increase efficiency Types of PPP Privatisation Concession Output Based Aid (OBA) Performance Based Service Contracts Leasing Management Contract BOT, BOOT, DBO Private Risk 4

5 Financial Cooperation (FC) between Uganda and Germany in the Water and Sanitation Sector Official Cooperation between Uganda and Germany in the sector since 1988 Access to improved urban water supply and sanitation; expected health impacts Focus on urban poor and protection of the Lake Victoria Partner: National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) Commitment up to date: 86 Million EUR grants of the German Government Collaboration with the German Technical Cooperation (regulation, capacity development, up scaling ) New approach: Support to the Ministry of Water and Environment for small towns in the North and East of Uganda 5

6 Ongoing Investments in the Water and Sanitation Sector in Uganda Mutual Reliance: Water and Sanitation Kampala Rehabilitation/ restructuring of the supply network Rehabilitation and extension of the water treatment capacities Access to safe water and sanitation for low income areas Regional knowledge management Mutual Reliance Initiative between AFD, EIB and FC/KfW (212 million EUR, ITF-technical assistance: 8 million EUR) Lake Victoria Protection Water and Sanitation Development Facilities 3 waste water treatment plants ( m³/d) Rehabilitation/ construction of sewer networks Increase of the coverage from 7 to 15% Recovery of wetlands Faecal sludge management (latrines, tanks, collection, treatment, organisation and operation) 68 million EUR, co-financed by AfDB, EU-water facility, FC/KfW and GoU Investments in small towns in North and East Uganda through the WSDF Joint Financing Agreement, FC/KfW: 20 Mio EUR, other donors: DANIDA, ADA, AfDB, EU 6

7 The Situation in Low-Income Parishes in Kampala In Kampala 73% of the population have access to water supply with 39% served by household connections and 27% served by public water points High level of non revenue water 43% and low billing efficiency of only 58% Sewer network is connecting less then 7% of the population, 87% have access to septic tanks and pit latrines Around people live in informal, fast growing settlements with a density of 400 people per hectare compared to 73 on average in Kampala Access to water mainly through protected springs and Public Stand Pipes (PSP) often operated by landlords or other private operators Low income parishes are not served by a sewer network, only on-site sanitation facilities (single pit latrines), for saving costs for emptying the pit the faecal sludge is washed out by the rain 7

8 Low-Cost Technology in Low-Income Areas for Safe Water Supply in Uganda Kampala rapid urban growth and water supply Results Characteristics Pilot scheme in 3 informal settlements in Kampala/Uganda 390 Public Prepaid Meters installed Tokens distributed 10 mobile vending machines Point of Sales Extension of the network 24 hours O&M Targeted customer care and community mobilisation people served with project funding ( in total) Water price reduced by 80%, Water consumption increased 10 fold High collection rate Consumption patterns can be analysed High acceptance by target group (no vandalism) Lower operational cost than conventional systems (PSP) KfW FZ in Uganda August

9 Low-Cost Technology in Low-Income Areas for Safe Sanitation in Uganda Kampala rapid urban growth and sanitation Characteristics Results Pilot scheme in 3 informal settlements in Kampala/Uganda Different models: 14 public and 35 private toilets and showers Decentralised and on-site faecal sludge management chain Design of adapted technology for faecal sludge collection Private and community based O&M Community based sanitation awareness rising measures Rents for housing und fees for toilets/showers went up Additional private investments (e.g. tiles) High acceptance by target group (no vandalism; frequent utilisation) High collection rate for water supply (pre-paid) Potential for private O&M for the faecal sludge management was identified, but not yet implemented KfW FZ in Uganda August

10 Lessons Learnt and Challenges Infrastructure Community Utility Easy to access and monitor technology Easy data evaluation Monopolistic market: expensive spear parts and tokens Systems not compatible: One system for each service area Unavailability of land: higher number of PPM, higher O&M costs High water table, higher O&M costs: adapted technology Habit/willingness to pay for water as precondition Price reduction and comfort will increase demand Participation in sensitisation, planning implementation, O&M Integrated IEC/ social marketing campaigns High cost for emptying pit latrines Possible conflict with private vendors Organization: specialized unit, not service area Social specialists to relate to the community are key Social tariff benefits directly the user No control of end of pipe price needed, but of utilization of tokens Permanent follow up/ monitoring needed Faecal sludge management still in process 10

11 Up Scaling Sanitation The Unmet Gap Responsibilities and procedures along the entire sanitation chain and sensitisation/health promotion must be clearly defined and accepted by stakeholders (utility, city council, public health, community, private operators) Invest more in well prepared hygiene awareness and sanitation demand creation through cutting edge social marketing campaigns and behavioural change communication (e.g. social media, radio soap opera, impact assessment CAP) Risk of financial burden for utilities serving low-income areas with on-site facilities needs to be addressed by a sustainable environmentally, economically and socially suitable tariff system and structures Optimise low-cost technologies for investment by the utility and for O&M by service providers because of limited or non-existent financial viability and be open for new technical solutions (e.g. UgaVac) PPP potential through output based approaches and management contracts for decentralised and on-site faecal sludge management between the utility and private operators, e.g. APOU 11

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