Research Activities in the Field of Second Generation Biofuels

Transcription

1 Research Activities in the Field of Second Generation Biofuels Hermann Hofbauer Transport Fuels: Crucial factor and driver towards sustainable mobility R&Dprojects, research institutions and funding programs in Austria, Europe and global cooperation within the International Energy Agency Vienna, in cooperation with

2 Content Activities on Synthetic Biofuels (R. Rauch) Liquid Fuels by Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Gaseous Fuels by Methanation Activities on Ethanol from LignoCellulosic Material (A. Friedl) 2

3 CHPPlant Güssing with Castle of Güssing 3

4 CHPPLANT GÜSSING To synthesis gas applications electricity heat 4

5 Biomass CHP Güssing design data Start of construction September 2000 Start up January 2002 Fuel 2,2 to/h (Wood chips) Water content 15 % (35 %) Fuel power 8 MW Electrical power 2 MW Thermal power 4,5 MW Electrical efficiency 25 % (20%) Total efficiency 80 % Owner and operator Biomass Power Station Güssing Association

6 Increase of Availability of the Plant 100% 90% 80% 70% Availability 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Year Gasifier Gas Engine 6

7 Synthesis gas composition H 2 Main gas components Possible poisons % 3545 H 2 S ppm ~100 CO % 2225 Org. S ppm ~30 CO 2 % 2025 HCl ppm ~3 CH 4 % ~10 dust mg/nm³ < 20 C 2 H 4 % 23 tar mg/m H 2 :CO 1.5:1 bis 2:1 Optimal for synthesis gas applications 7

8 The basic concept Green Chemistry Over 30,000 hours of operation Producer Gas (gas engine, gas turbine, fuel cell) Biomass Biomass Gasification Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) FTFuels (FTDiesel) Methanol Hydrogen others 8

9 BIOMASSTO TOFISCHERTROPSCH 9

10 Fischer Tropsch Synthesis FischerTropsch BioFiT Slurry bed reactor Temperature C Pressure 2030 bar Capacity ~ 10 Nm³/h Catalyst 2005: Iron 2006: Cobalt 2007: commercial catalyst nco + 2nH 2 = nch 2 + nh 2 O Biomass gasification Biomass BioFiT liquid fuel production 10

11 Scheme of FTSynthesis Gas engine Biomass Steam Fluidised bed 850 C particles tar Heat Electricity gasification Gas cleaning Gas utilisation Flue gas Sulphur Chlorine Gas treatment and compression FTSynthesis C bar Catalyst Gaseous products, OffGas Product separation Liquid fuel 11

12 Properties of FT Diesel Properties Unit EN 590:2004 Results of FT Diesel min max Cetane number 51, Density at 15 o C kg/m³ Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons %(m/m) 11 < 1 Total aromatics content %(m/m) < 1 Sulphur content mg/kg 50 < 5 Flash point C >55 87 to 91 Carbon residue %(m/m) 0,30 < 0,03 Ash content %(m/m) 0,01 < 0,0015 Water content mg/kg to 300 Total contamination mg/kg 24 2 to 4 Copper strip corrosion (3h at 50 C) rating class 1 class 1 a Oxidation stability g/m³ 25 < 5 Lubricity, corrected wear scar diameter m m to 360 Viscosity at 40oC mm²/s 2,00 4, to 2.5 Oxidation stability g/m³ 25 < 12 Cold Filter Plugging Point, (CFPP) C 20 5 to 0 12

13 Advantages of FTDiesel Renewable Minor additional CO 2 emissions Lower emissions from combustion Better behaviour in engine (Centane number above 70) No adaptation of engine necessary 13

14 BIOMASSTO TOSYNTHETICNATURALGAS 14

15 Methantion (Production of Synthetic Natural Gas, BioSNG) Methanation (BioSNG) Fluidized bed reactor Temperature C Pressure 15 bar Capacity ~ 10 Nm³/h Catalyst Nickel CO + 3 H 2 = CH 4 + H 2 O Biomass gasification Biomass BioSNGproduction 15

16 Scheme of BioSNG Demonstration Fluegas Fluegas Treatment Wood Power Gasification Gas Cleaning Gas Engine Ash H 2 Recycle Streams Energy, Liquid & Solid Waste Gas Treatment Methanation SNG Purification Energy, Water & other Materials CO 2 + H 2 S / Heavy HC SNG Fueling Station CO 2 Product (to substitute N 2 ) Rev. 4 / DU / BioSNG Fuel 16

17 Results BioSNG Lab Scale (in cooperation operation with PSI) So far no deactivation 17

18 1MW BioSNG EUEUDemonstration Plant 18

19 Efficiencies in Case of Polygeneration % Synfuel Electricity District heat CHPplants FischerTropsch BioSNG Fuel orientation Fuel orientation Gas engine BIGCC FT FT POLY BioSNG BioSNG POLY 19

20 Ethanol from Lignocellulosic material Prof. Dr. Anton Friedl 20

21 Biogas Lignocellulose Steam Explosion Enzymatic treatment Ethanol Target: Energetic analysis and optimization of whole production systems Hydrogen 21

22 Contact Dr. Reinhard Rauch (synthetic biofuels) Prof. Dr. Anton Friedl (ethanol from lignocellulose) Vienna University of Technology Address: Getreidemarkt 9/ Wien Tel: Fax: web:

23 Thank you for your attention!!!!! 23