PREPARATORY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY (M/P & F/S)

Transcription

1 PREPARATORY STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY (M/P & F/S) 1. Title of the ooperation Project and Name of the Project Proponent (1) Title of the ooperation Project (2) The Study on Water Supply and Sewerage System in Karachi in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Name of the Project Proponent Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB) 2. ategorization and its Reason ategory: B This study is categorized as B because, for the time being, no significant environmental im- pacts have been identified. Depending on the contents of the priority projects in the Feasibility Study, EIA would be necessary. However, the assessment scoping conducted in this preparatory study, all the environmental items were evaluated either B, or D. Further, a significant improvement of water quality and public health is expected by means of this project. Therefore, this project is evaluated overall as B category in this preliminary assessment. 3. Outline of the Project and the Location (Population, Race, Economics, Education, Land use, the Environment, Other socioeconomic situation) 3-1 Outline of the Project (1) Location Karachi ity Area(18 Municipalities)the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (2) Project Description < Phase 1: Basic Study> 1) Review of the Master Plan formulated in 1985 and ) ollection and analysis of the existing data and information related to the Study 3) Field reconnaissance and survey on existing water supply facilities and water sources 4) Field reconnaissance and survey on existing sewerage and drainage facilities 5) Water quality analysis 6) Survey on area development plan, land utilization and socio-economic conditions 7) Survey on natural and environmental conditions 8) Survey on public perception -1 -

2 9) Survey on laws, policies and administration system related to water supply, sewerage and drainage 10) Institutional and management capacity assessment of the study organization 11) Review and analysis of the plans and projects related to the Study 12) Evaluation of present water supply, sewerage and drainage conditions and identification of problems 13) Identification of quick impact programme(s) < Phase 2: Master Plan> 1) Pre-feasibility study of quick impact programme, if necessary 2) Water demand forecast 3) Forecast of the quality and quantity of wastewater 4) Formulation of comprehensive planning framework and establishment of basic develop- of the existing networks of both water supply and ment policies, goals and strategies 5) Plan for optimization and up-gradation sewerage system 6) Plan for equitable water distribution including the valve operation for water supply based on zoning, water carrying ability of the system and water availability 7) Plan of the bulk water source and conveyance system for the Karachi ity in line to city s Development Plan. 8) Plan of energy saving to reduce the operational cost 9) Plan of water quality improvement 10) Schematic lay-out plan of the facilities 11) Support for Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) 12) Plan for improvement of management system a. Reorganization of KW&SB b. Improvement of financial management of the KW&SB c. Reduction of the non revenue water d. Improvement of tariff collection system e. Establishment of data management system and GIS with the feature of continuous up- of consumer services center and the system to improve and speed up the dating f. Establishment effective response to the public complaints g. Revision of laws and regulations h. Human resources development 13) Plan for strengthening institutional capacity -2 -

3 14) Preliminary cost estimation 15) Phasing implementation plan 16) Evaluation of the revised master plan 17) Selection of priority projects < Phase 3: Feasibility Study> 1) Supplemental data collection and analysis 2) Preliminary design of the facilities 3) Operation, maintenance, management and human resources development plan in the priority projects 4) onstruction and procurement plan 5) ost estimation and financial analysis 6) Formulation of financial plan 7) Support for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), if necessary 8) Project evaluation 9) Formulation of implementation schedule 3-2 Outline of the Location (1) Population The past population census data up to 1998, and the estimated present population of Karachi ity are as follows: Table 1 Population in Karachi ity (in thousand) Area (est.) Karachi ity 8,367 3,607 5,438 9,802 13,000 Source: Pakistan census dat a (1998) (2) Race Sindhi dominates, and others are Punjabi, Pashutun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir. (3) Land Use Karachi ity area comprises the following land use types: Table 2 : Land Use of Karachi ity Land Use Type Land area (ha) Percent of land use (%) -3 -

4 Plots 15, Flats/mixed ommercial Industrial 4, Health/education Transportation 17, Utilities 2, Recreation 1, Other Facilities Vacant Developed and Approved 30, Other Vacant 66, Others 38, Total 180, Note: Agricultural, irrigation and other unurbanized lands are included. Source: Karachi Development Plan (4) Land Ownership All the right of ways for existing wastewater treatment plants and other sewerage facilities are government properties. The proposed wastewater treatment plant site (TP-IV in Korangi District) is already owned by the Government. The land for existing and future expansion of purification plants and other facilities is already owned by the Government. At this stage, however, the future need for acquisition of additional sites is not known yet. (5) Environmentally Protected Area There is no protected area in/around ported within the city area. the project area. No endangered/valuable species is re- (6) Natural onditions Most of the areas are situated on the gentle plains. Geological conditions in the Region are that hard sand/gravel layer is dominant in Karachi.limatic conditions in Karachi are as summarized in the following table: Table 3 Natural onditions in Karachi -4 -

5 Parameter Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Yr Avg.temperature Avg.high temperature Avg.mimum temp Absolute max temp Absolute min. temp Avg.number of days above 32, days Avg. relative humidity % Avg. precipitation, mm Max. precipitation, mm Max. precipitation in 24hr Mm Days with precipitation <1 < <1 < Avg. sunshine, hr ,982 Potential evaporation, mm , 419 Avg. wind velocity, m/s Wind direction NE SW W W SW SW SW W SW SW SW SW Source:Karachi Airport; year 1947~1990; 440~506 mo nths. Altitude: 21m above M.W.L. at N, E 4. Legal Framework of Environmental and Social onsiderations (Law, ompetent Agency, Projects subject to EIA, Procedures, Information Disclosure and Stakeholders Participation) (1) Law The Pakistan Government set forth Pakistan Environmental Act 1997:EPA 97 (Part of the regulation was reviewed and amended in 2000; Registered No.M.302/L-7646), which requires IEE and/or EIA for major projects. (2) ompetent Agency The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA) (3) Procedures of EIA The legal procedures for IEE and EIA are promulgated in July 2000 (The Review of Initial Environmental and Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2000; Registered No.M.302/L-7646). The regulations define the required procedures for Policy and procedures for filing, review and approval of environmental assessments, including responsibilities of EPA and other concerned agencies. The Guidelines set out the key policy and procedural requirements, including a brief policy statement on the purpose of environmental assessment and the goal of sustainable development, and integration of environmental assessment with feasibility study. The Guidelines also provide schedules of proposals that require either an IEE or EIA, which cover: -5 -

6 1) Initial environmental report (scoping, alternatives, site selection, format of IEE); 2) Assessing impacts (identification, analysis and prediction, baseline data, 3) Mitigation and impact management (and preparing an environmental management plan); 4) Reporting (drafting style, main features, shortcoming, other form s of presentation); 5) Review and decision-making (role, steps, remedial options, checks and balances); 6) Monitoring and auditing (systematic follow up, purpose, effective data management); 7) Project management (inter-disciplinary teams, programming & budgeting). Sewerage system project required to conduct EIA is defined under the item of Waste disposal as: 1) Waste disposal and/or storage of hazardous or toxic wastes (including land fill sites, inor industrial wastes, where more than 10,000 cu- cineration of hospital toxic wastes); 2) Waste disposal facilities for domestic bic meters of waste will be handled annually. Water supply system project which is required to submit EIA is defined under the item of Water Supply and Treatment as major urban water supply infrastructure, including major head works and treatment plants. (4) Information Disclosure and Stakeholders Participation In principle, information as to environmental assessment are disclosed. Preparation of Guidelines for Public onsultation is now underway by PEPA, which will include: 1) Encouragement of participation of and consultation with concerned citizens and groups; 2) onsultation with stakeholders; 3) Establish committee for the environmental evaluation; and 4) Promotion of participation of urban poors, women, communities and NGOs. 5. Provisional Scoping (Adverse Impacts and Envisioned Mitigation Measures, Alterna- -6 -

7 tives) (1) Adverse Impact Table 4.1 heck List for Scoping (Water Supply) Environmental Item Evaluation Reason 1 Resettlement No large or small scale resettlement of local residents will be required due to improvement and expansion of the current water supply facilities. 2 Economic Activities D No facilities interfere. 3 Traffic/Public No facilities interfere, except traffics of heavy con- Facilities struction equipment during construction. Social Environment 4 Split of ommunities D No facilities interfere. 5 ultural Property D No damage of cultural properties will occur in the area due to the water supply system construction. 6 Water Rights and B There may be a possibility of adverse impact on the Rights of ommon additional water right from the Indus River. 7 Public Health ondi- The water system provision will improve public health tions conditions. 8 Wastes Not large quantity of construction waste will be generated. The purification plant sludge will be appropriately treated and disposed of. 9 Hazards (Risk) D No large-scale land development will take place in the study area. Natural Environment 10 Topography and Ge- D No large-scale alteration of topography and geology ology will be required in the study area. 11 Soil Erosion Extensive excavation will not take place, but for large scale facility construction, if any, this will be examined. 12 Groundwater D No large-scale construction works, which will extract significant amount of groundwater, are expected. 13 Hydrological Situation 14 oastal Zone D No impact. No significant impacts to hydrological conditions in drains and rivers are expected due to the construction works. 15 Fauna and Flora There is no record of valuable species of fauna and flora within the study area. -7 -

8 16 Meteorology D No impact is assumed due to the water supply system improvement project. 17 Landscape Water purification plants may influence landscape to some extent. This could be moderated by the facility design. 18 Air Pollution There will be no significant contamination sources and influential construction activities. 19 Water Pollution D No impact. Pollution 20 Soil ontamination 21 Noise and Vibration If the purification plant sludge is disposed of to land, there may be some risk of soil contamination. Some noise and vibration may occur during construction due to heavy construction equipment. There will be no permanent facility that creates noise/vibration. 22 Land Subsidence D No groundwater extraction expected by construction works. Table 4.2 heck List for Scoping (Sewerage) Environmental Item Evaluation Reason 1 Resettlement No large or small scale resettlement of local residents will be required due to improvement of the current sewerage facilities. For the selection of sites for new construction facilities, careful considerations shall be given on this matter. 2 Economic Activities D No facilities interfere Social Environment 3 Traffic/Public Facilities D No facilities interfere 4 Split of ommunities D No facilities interferes 5 ultural Property D No damage of cultural properties will occur in the areas due to the sewerage system construction. 6 Water Rights and Rights of ommon 7 Public Health onditions D 23 Offensive Odor D No particular odor is expected from water supply facilities. There are no water rights in the study area. onstruc- tion of the wastewater treatment facilities will not re- quire existing agricultural lands to be altered. Improvement of the sewerage facilities will improve public health conditions -8 -

9 8 Wastes B Not large quantity of construction wastes will be generated. The sewage sludge will be treated and appropriately disposed of. 9 Hazards (Risk) D No large-scale land development will take place in the study area. 10 Topography and Ge- ology D No large-scale alteration of topography will be required in the study area. 11 Soil Erosion Extensive excavation will not take place. 12 Groundwater D No significant groundwater extraction is expected. Natural Environment 13 Hydrological Situation Sewerage system improvement will contribute to im- prove hydrological conditions in drains and rivers. 14 oastal Zone D The present situation of coastal zone will be improved by the sewerage improvement. 15 Fauna and Flora There is no record of valuable species of fauna and flora within the expected sewerage improvement area. 16 Meteorology D No impact is assumed due to the sewerage improvement project. Pollution 17 Landscape Sewage treatment may affect the landscape to some extent. This could be moderated by the facility design. 18 Air Pollution 19 Water Pollution B No significant air pollution is projected. If sludge incineration is to be applied, care shall be taken in design and operation to prevent emission of noxious gasses. Water quality will be significantly improved after the sewerage system is improved, however, the overflows from kachiabadi sewers to nearby drains will cause serious local water contamination, unless no measures are taken to prevent them. 20 Soil ontamination If the sewage sludge is disposed of to land, there may be some risk of heavy metal contamination. 21 Noise and Vibration There may be some noise and vibration during construction due to heavy construction equipment. No permanent sewerage facility that creates noise or vibration. 22 Land Subsidence D No groundwater extraction by sewerage construction. 23 Offensive Odor B Odor may emit from wastewater treatment plants. Note 1 : Evaluation categories A: Serious impact is expected B :Some impact is expected : Extent of impact is unknown (Examination is needed. Impacts may become clear as study progress) -9 -

10 D: No impact is expected. IEE/EIA is not necessary. Note 2 : The evaluation should be made with reference to the explanation of item (2) Overall Evaluation and Study Plan Overall evaluation of the project environmental situation is summarized in the following: Table 5.1 Overall Evaluations (Water Supply) Environmental Item Evalua- tion Study Plan Remarks Resettlement For the future expansion or addition of water supply facilities, care is to be taken to avoid resettlement to the maximum extent possible. Examine influence of traffics of heavy construction Traffic/Public equipment to surrounding areas of construction Facilities works t during construction, and study appropriate mitigation measures. Water right of the Indus River must be studied and Water Rights and B consulted with authorities concerned. Other rights Rights of ommon of common will also be studied and agreement be reached with stakeholders. Public Health ondi- The extent of public health improvement because tions of water system provision is to be studied. Waste Study on the safe and appropriate disposal methods of construction waste and purification plant sludge. Soil Erosion For large-scale construction works, this will be examined. Hydrological Situation When a large-scale wastewater treatment plant becomes necessary, hydraulic conditions in receiving drain or river be analyzed. Fauna and Flora Any construction works which are located close to the area where mangrove forest or other fauna and flora exist, careful examination will be made. The landscapes for purification plants and pumping Landscape stations are to be evaluated in the planning and design stage. are shall be taken to prevent emission of particles Air Pollution from facilities and dust or gasses from heavy construction equipment. Water Pollution Analyze qualities of water sources, distributed water. Soil ontamination Quantities of sludge shall be examined to avoid any risk of contamination. Noise and Vibration During construction works cares shall be taken to reduce such nuisances. To reduce the odor emission from purification Offensive Odor plants and pumping stations, appropriate operation and maintenance methods should be considered. Table 5.2 Overall Evaluation (Sewerage)

11 Environmental Item E valuation Study Plan Remarks Resettlement No resettlement is assumed at present, but careful Should it examination may be needed when detailed plan for facilities are fixed. happens KWSB is responsible to settle. Traffic/Public Heavy construction vehicles may interfere traffics Facilities during construction. Some adverse impacts could occur due to sewage Landfill site is Public Health sludge disposal. Proper disposal means are to be under ity s onditions studied. control. Waste It may be necessary to study whether construction Arrangement B waste and sewage sludge can be safely disposed of to of appropriate disposal site or incineration in appropriate manner. disposal site is Karachi ity s responsibility. Soil Erosion Site selection of facilities is to be carefully studied. Hydrological Situation When a large-scale wastewater treatment plant becomes necessary, hydraulic conditions in receiving drain or river is to be analyzed. Fauna and Flora Though there are no valuable species of fauna and flora in the study area, if a treatment plant site is selected close to mangrove forest, careful assessment is to be undertaken. Landscape The landscape for WWTPs and pumping stations is to be evaluated in the planning and design stage. Water samplings and analyses will be undertaken, Water Pollution B particularly from kachiabadi sewers to check the extent of sewer overflows to drains. When sludge incineration is considered, care shall be Air Pollution taken in design and operation to prevent emission of noxious gasses. Soil ontamination Sewage sludge quality shall be re-examined to avoid any risk of heavy metal contamination. Noise and Vibration During construction woks care shall be taken to reduce such nuisances. To reduce the odor emission from wastewater treat- Offensive Odor B ment plants, covering or deodoring system should be considered. Note: Evaluation categories A: Serious impact is expected B :Some impact is expected :Extent of impact is unknown (Examination is needed. Impacts may become clear as study progress) D: No impact is expected. IEE/EIA is not necessary. (3) Alternatives 1) Without Project Alternative If the project is not implemented, the situation of each environmental impacts could possibly be as follows: -11 -

12 Table 6.1 Assumed Environmental Situation without Project (Water Supply) Environmental Item Resettlement Economic Activities Traffic/Public Facilities Split of ommunities ultural Property Assumed Situation without Project Water Rights and Rights of ommon Public Health onditions The public health conditions will become worse due to water shortage and contamination. Wastes Hazards (Risk) Topography and Geology Soil Erosion Groundwater Hydrological Situation oastal Zone Fauna and Flora Meteorology Landscape Air Pollution Water Pollution Soil ontamination Noise and Vibration Nothing will happen

13 Land Subsidence Offensive Odor Table 6.2 Assumed Environmental Situation without Project (Sewerage) Environmental Item Assumed Situation Resettlement Economic Activities Traffic/Public Facilities Split of ommunities ultural Property Water Rights and Rights of ommon Public Health onditions Wastes Hazards (Risk) Topography and Geology Soil Erosion Groundwater Hydrological Situation oastal Zone Fauna and Flora Meteorology Landscape Air Pollution The public health conditions will become worse due to the con- and river water contamination. tinuous drain

14 Water Pollution Soil ontamination Noise and Vibration Land Subsidence Offensive Odor Untreated wastewater will continuously contaminate receiving water, unless kachiabadi sewage is led to the public sewers. 2) Other alternatives Following alternatives could be considered. - To employ individual treatment system such as septic tank for each household/building. - Low cost sanitation system for urban poor areas, instead of common sewerage system