(Carbon Literacy) Carbon positive CSR. Carbon neutral. Carbon managed. Carbon unknown. Influences employees, customers and suppliers

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Rosemary Horn
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3 (Carbon Literacy) Carbon positive CSR CO2 managed, reduced and the balance offset Influences employees, customers and suppliers Carbon neutral CO2 managed, reduced and the balance offset Strategic decision with commercial benefits Carbon managed CO 2 known baseline carbon footprint Focused energy reduction Carbon unknown Random energy efficiency projects CO 2 unknown 3

4 UNFCCC UK-ETS Bali Roadmap 2009 COP WBCSD/WRI GHG Protocol 2004 WBCSD/WRI GHG Protocol ISO PAS 2050 ISO 14066/14067 VCS GS ISO /2005 / / 2005 ( ) , ( ) 2006 CNS / /

6 -- 公噸 CO2/ 人 % 20-50% 50% 12 II Median: 33,886 I 澳大利亞加拿大美國中國 5 越南 (15,203, 11.41) 馬來西亞泰國巴西紐西蘭台灣新加坡南韓年各國 CO2/GDP CO2/GDP 日本歐盟美國加拿大南韓澳洲印度中國全世界各國能源密集度 III 德國法國 IV 日本英國芬蘭荷蘭年各國進口能源依賴度 (%) 台灣韓國中國日本英國德國美國各國進口能源依賴度 62 瑞士 Median: 挪威 GDP/ 人 90 6 (, 2009)

7 能源產業以經團連自願減量計畫為主 1. Top runner program 2. Voluntary action plans by business entities 3. National campaign (Cool-Biz etc.) 4. Energy-saving socio-economic structure 來源 : 日本國家通訊 (2006) (, 2009) 7

8 PDCA Cycle Plan Do (CDM JI) Action Check CO CO2 Sasanouchi(2005), Keudanren s Voluntary Action Plan and Future Framework Beyond (, 2009) 8

9 ( ) % CO % 1 1% / / 15% CO2 (, 2009) 9

10 METI (, 2009) 10

11 / CDP/SCLC CFP/CL/CD GHGs 2010 / ( ) / GHGs 2007 OECD 2004 ( ) 11

12 GHG ( ) GHG ( (CDP) / ) 12

13 GHG Carbon footprinting of products and services (PAS 2050) Carbon neutral claims (PAS 2060) 13

14 ( ) (1) ISO 14064/14065 (2) / (WBCSD/WRI) (GHG Protocol) (3) (VCS) (Gold Standard): (CDM) 14

15 ISO (Stage Codes) ISO CNS ISO CNS ISO CNS ISO CNS -GHG Greenhouse gases -- Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals Greenhouse gases -- Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements Greenhouse gases -- Part 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions / Greenhouse gases Requirements for greenhouse gas validation and verification bodies for use in accreditation or other forms of recognition 15

16 (MOCIE) 2005 年起推動迄今 GHG ISO (KEMCO) (GHG RC) (KAB) 類似 CDM EB 類似 CDM accreditation panel GHG (DOE) CDM EB CDM EB GHG RC PDD DOE PDD 16

17 TEAM TEAM (Climate Change Technology Early Action Measures, TEAM) 1998 TEAM 75% TEAM 40,000 ( 2009) 17

18 TEAM GHG ( ) (CCS) ) ( (CCS) GHG / ( 2009) 18

19 TEAM Technology Demonstration Priorities Technology Scope & Examples Anticipated Results ) ( TEAM / ) ( ) ( ) / ( ) ( GHG ) ( 19

20 (1) A CO Kg- CO 2 /kwh B TEPCO 26.3% 61.7% CO CO Kg- CO 2 /kwh % 20

21 ECO 975 g-co2/kwh 22 g-co2/kwh 21

22 TEPCO % 22

23 / GHG (Allowance) (Credit) / 23

24 California Climate Action Registry French REGES Protocol Carbon Disclosure Project Chicago Climate Exchange Dow Jones Sustainability Index EU- ETS GRI METI, Japan Northeast Registry (NESCAUM) Trade Associations (Aluminum, IPIECA, ICFPA, Cement, Iron and Steel) UK-ETS U.S. EPA Climate Leaders Initiative World Wildlife Fund Climate Savers World Economic Forum Registry Respect Europe Business Leaders Initiative for Climate Change (BLICC) Convergence to GHG Protocol ISO Source: WBCSD/WRI,

25 WRI/WBCSD - GHG Protocol ISO Carbon Trust carbon footprint BSI PAS 2050 for the carbon footprint of products. 25

26 GHG ( CDP) (EU-ETS) ISO GHG WBCSD/WRI-GHG Protocol Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS) 26

27 % % (, 2008) 27

28 -- 28

29 生物多樣性氣候變遷化學品使用空氣污染健康衝擊社區衝擊產品安全僱用實務職場條件人權自然環境社會環境科學倫理 29

30 / REACH RoHS WEEE ISO IECQ QC ISO/IEC ISO/IEC SMS OHSAS EMS ISO EuP GHG ISO CDM PAS 2050 EPD/LCA ISO CFP GRI ISO CSR QMS ISO 9001 ISO RMS ECA ISO EnMS 30

31 Carbon Disclosure Project, CDP CDP 2008 CDP (CDP6, 2008) CDP (Supply Chain Leadership Collaboration (SCLC) GHG 33 CDP 6 (2008) 31

32 CDP 32

33 % 20% 2013 Source: ( WTO 2008) 33

34 ( 2009) 34

35 (Carbon footprint) (Climate Declaration) : LCD CO2 (JEMAI, 2008) 35

36 CO2 (kg) EPSON 80 R² = (kg) 20 Panasonic CO2 300 R² = (kg) (kg) 36

37 37

38 -- CO2? 1,615 tco mins of operation from Fiddlers Ferry power station 100 days worth of leaks from an average chilled foods fridge plant 205 tco 2e 100 cows in one year 100 company cars in a year 307 tco 2e 540 tco 2e (Jerry Skaggs, 2008) 38

39 39 ( 2009)

40 Independent measurement Reduce or lose commitment 40

41 - / CO 2 75 g 41

42 130g ml 42

43 GHG 43

44 Offsets PAS2060 (Greenhouse Friendly ) (QAS) (National Carbon Offset Standard) (NCOS Carbon Neutral Program) carbonzero (carbonzero) carbonzero ( ISO14064 ) : ( 2010) 44

45 45

46 EnMS EMS: Environmental Management System ISO 14001:1996, ISO 14001:2004 EnMS: Energy Management System ANSI MSE 2000:2005 ISO 9000-like BS EN 16001:2008 ISO like ISO 50001:2010 ISO 9000-like