A Technology in Transition. John Topper

Transcription

1 Oxyfuel Combustion Technology and CCS A Technology in Transition John Topper Operating Agent IEA GHG

2 ANL - EERC Study World s 1st Oxy-Coal Combustion Industrial Pilot Scale Study Tower Furnace (~ 3MWth) 2

3 Current State of the Technology Past, Present to Future Industrial Scale Experiment 2008 ANL/EERC (USA): MW t Coal Joule Thermie (EU): & 35 MW t Coal IHI (Japan): MW t Coal B&W /AL (USA): MW t Coal Alstom (USA): MW t CFB/Coal Kimberlina (USA): MW t NG Jupiter (USA): MW t NG/Coal B&W CEDF (USA): MW t Coal

4 Current State of the Technology Past, Present to Future Industrial Scale Experiments Pilot Plants and Industrial Scale Experiments PILOT PLANTS with CO 2 Capture and Storage Vattenfall (Germany): MW t Lignite/Coal Schwarze Pumpe Total (France): MW t NG CS Energy (Australia): MW t Coal Callide Project CIUDEN (Spain): MW t Anthracite/Coal/ Coke Industrial Large Scale Oxyfuel Testing Facilities Babcock & Wilcox (USA) MW t Coal Doosan Babcock (UK) MW t Coal Alstom (USA) MW t Coal Hitachi Babcock (DE) MW t Coal

5 Current State of the Technology Past, Present to Future Industrial Scale Experiments 2008 Pilot Plants and Industrial Scale Experiments 2012 Demonstration Power Plant 2020 Vattenfall (Janschwalde, Germany) MW e Oxy-PC Endesa/CIUDEN (Compostilla, Spain) MW e Oxy-CFB KOSEP / KEPRI (Yong Dong, S. Korea) MW e Oxy-PC Black Hills Power / B&W (Wyoming, USA) 100 MW e Oxy-PC NY State Power / Praxair (Jamestown, USA) MW e Oxy-CFB

6 PROJECT Location MWth Start Up Year Boiler Type Main Fuel CO2 Train B & W USA Pilot PC Bit, Sub B., Lig. Jupiter USA Industr. No FGR NG, Coal Oxy-coal UK UK Pilot PC Bituminous Alstom (Windsor Facility) USA Pilot PC (Tangential) Bit., Sub B., PRB Vattenfall Germany Pilot PC Lignite (Bit.) With CCS Total, Lacq France Industrial boiler NG With CCS Callide Australia MWe PC Bituminous With CCS CIUDEN PC Spain Pilot PC Anthra. Bit, Lig. Coke With CCS CIUDEN CFB Spain Pilot CFB Anthra. Bit, Lig. Coke With CCS ENEL HP Oxy Italy Pilot Plant Coal HBPA Michigan / Praxair USA ? ~75 MWe CFB Bit. With CCS Vattenfall (Janschwalde) Germany ~ ? ~300 MWe PC Lignite (Bit.) With CCS Endesa/CIUDEN Spain ~ ? ~300 MWe CFB?? With CCS Black Hills Power/B&W/AL USA ~ ? ~100 MWe PC With CCS KOSEP/KEPRI Yongdong Korea ~ ? ~100 MWe PC??

7 IEA Clean Coal Centre Vattenfall s 30MW oxy fuel plant

8 Callide A Queensland, Australia Courtesy of CS Energy

9 Oxycoal2 - Demonstration of Oxycoal combustion system for coal fired power plants Convert Doosan Babcock s full-scale burner test facility to oxyfuel firing Oxygen supply Flue gas recycle system (fans, ducts, cooler, heater, etc.) Instrumentation Design and build full-scale utility Oxycoal burner Derived from air-firing experience, CFD modelling and Oxyfuel R+D Demonstrate a full-scale utility Oxycoal burner Flame stability, combustion efficiency, emissions, flame shape, and heat transfer characteristics as function of %CO 2 recycle and excess oxygen Start-up, shut down, transition from air to oxyfuel, load change

10 Italian CCS activities Oxy-fuel combustion CCS2, Brindisi Pilot plant Pressurised oxy-fuel technology Test programme (3 and 5 MWth test facilities) ENEL-Livorno Demonstration plant Full scale combustor (48 MWth) combustion tests at Brindisi Commercial operations 2011 ITEA Gioia del Colle Data used for MWe PCC-based zero emissions oxy-coal power plant (2012) Brindisi demo Courtesy ENEL

11 Tomorrow and the fit with Longer Term Roadmaps

12 LG&E, Trimble County 2, Kentucky, USA (courtesy Doosan Babcock) 750MW e (net) unit 3938 psig / F / F BMCR steam flow 5,484,600 lbs/hr Sub-bituminous and high sulfur bituminous coal Specific attention to combustion flexibility and avoidance of furnace wall corrosion Boiler island scope includes pulverizers, fans, airheater, SCR, low NO x burners NO x 0.04 lb/mmbtu Designed for ease of construction End user E.ON - US Contract Awarded May 2006 In service 2010 Pa ge

13 Advanced Supercritical Boiler Technology with Oxyfiring 750MW ASC Doosan Babcock boiler Trimble County E.ON USA Burners, typically 50 x 40MW The burners are critical to the combustion, emissions and thermal performance of utility boilers Over 45GWe Low NOx burners installed worldwide since 1988 Oxycoal burner will utilise this extensive operational experience Full scale testing of burners has been of critical importance Flue Air firing: Coal +O 2 +4N 2 Oxy firing: Coal + O 2 + xco 2 Air firing: CO 2 +4N 2 Oxy firing: CO 2 FGD CO 2 from ASU Clean and compression CO 2 Recycle line Pipeline

14 Current position (2009) Post LARGE SCALE CAPTURE DEMONSTRATIONS ON NON-POWER PLANTS CAPTURE EXPERIENCE IN CERTAIN INDUSTRIES AND FOR FOOD PROCESSING NUMBER OF PILOT CAPTURE PLANTS POST-COMB CAPTURE: LARGE DEMOS 85% CAPTURE INCLUDING RETROFITS USING SCRUBBING R&D & PILOTS ON PCC AND CFBC: develop/improve chemical solvents; laboratory work on post comb capture using dry systems OXY-COAL: LARGE AND MEDIUM DEMOS AND PILOTS. R&D: process modelling, combustion studies, materials studies; characteris n NOx, SO 2, mercury removal; low gas recycle rate with CFBC PRE-COMB CAPTURE: LARGE DEMOS. R&D: new solvents, membranes, adsorption systems CHEMICAL LOOPING: SMALL PILOT TESTS, R&D on O 2 carriers. All CCS: energy efficient compressors POST-COMB CAPTURE: LARGE DEMOS 85% CAPTURE INCLUDING RETROFITS USING SCRUBBING R&D & PILOTS: test advanced solvents, dry systems. Capture slipstream on 35MPa/700 C/720 C unit. OXY-COAL: LARGE DEMOS INCLUDING RETROFITS. R&D: process modelling, heat transfer modelling; materials for higher temp systems. Pilot low recycle CFBC PRE-COMB CAPTURE: LARGE DEMOS 85% CAPTURE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SCRUBBING R&D: H 2 combusting GTs, slipstream tests on memb separation, lab test membranes and membrane reactors, advanced gasifiers CHEMICAL LOOPING: lab tests on O 2 carriers. All CCS: energy efficient compressors POST-COMB CAPTURE: ADVANCED DEMOS >85% CAPTURE INC RETROFITS. R&D: advanced solvents membrane contactors dry absorption, adsorption OXY-COAL: SUPERCRITICAL FULL FLOW DEMOS. R&D: test boiler sections C steam; concepts for ITM incorporation; improved boiler geometries PRE-COMB CAPTURE: ADVANCED SOLVENTS >85% CAPTURE FULL FLOW DEMOS R&D: air-extracting GTS for hydrogen, shift with low steam requ t, pilot membranes, membrane reactors, gasification fuel cell cycles, advanced gasifiers, novel IGCC cycles CHEMICAL LOOPING: small pilot tests and supporting R&D. All CCS: energy efficient comps FIRST COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS, >85% CAPTURE, ALL 3 MAIN METHODS OF CAPTURE, NEW PLANTS AND RETROFITS POST-COMB CAPTURE: Supporting R&D: new solvents, membrane contacting systems with novel solvents, solid absorbents or adsorbents OXY-COAL: PILOT C steam. PILOT oxy-coal with ITM in two reactors. R&D: supporting studies PRE-COMB CAPTURE R&D: H-class GTs for high H 2 fuels, pilot shift membrane reactors, novel IGCC cycles, pilot ITM IGCC CHEMICAL LOOPING: PILOT TESTS and supporting R&D IEA Clean Coal Centre COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS 90%+ CAPTURE. POST-COMB CAPTURE: NEW SOLVENTS; MEMB CONTACTING; SOLID ABSORBENTS, ADSORBENTS OXY-COAL 650 C STEAM SYSTEMS. PRE-COMB CAPTURE WITH H-CLASS GTs WITH ULTRA-LOW NOx ON H 2 GENERAL: REDUCED ENERGY USE OF CO 2 CAPTURE AND COMPRESSION OXY-COAL: C STEAM DEMO; ITM OXY-COAL PILOT USING INTEGRATED MEMBRANE BOILER. PRE-COMB CAPTURE: DEMO SHIFT MEMBRANE REACTORS; DEMO GASIFICATION FUEL CELL CYCLES FOR CCS; DEMO NOVEL GASIFICATION-BASED CYCLES; DEMO ITM IGCC CCS Supporting R&D CHEMICAL LOOPING: DEMOS and supporting R&D COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SYSTEMS, 90%+ CO 2 CAPTURE, EFFICIENCIES 40-45%, NET, LHV. POST COMBUSTION CAPTURE: GREATLY REDUCED WATER CONSUMPTION FROM VARIOUS SYSTEMS. OXY-COAL: VARIOUS SYSTEMS UP TO 700 C STEAM; INTEGRATED ITM. PRE-COMB CAPTURE: HIGH SPEC GTs WITH ULTRA-LOW NO X ON H 2; MEMBRANES; SHIFT MEMBRANE REACTORS; ADVANCED IGCC CYCLES WITH ITM; IG FUEL CELLS. CHEMICAL LOOPING SYSTEMS