Smart storage solutions for the LNG market

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1 SHAPING A BETTER WORLD Smart storage solutions for the LNG market arup.com/energy

2 STORAGE SOLUTIONS FOR LNG PROJECTS Innovative solutions to meet LNG demand STORAGE SOLUTIONS FOR LNG PROJECTS Flexible infrastructure solutions Working with developers to meet rising demand through cost effective solutions The LNG supply market has doubled in the last decade and it is anticipated that the next decade will see further growth particularly in the USA, Canada, East Africa, Asia and Australia. LNG is as an essential fuel to secure a lower carbon future and the need for smart and affordable storage solutions will only continue to grow. Arup has a range of skills which allows us to design various LNG storage tanks, all of which can bring significant savings to a programme without compromising on risks such as seismic stability. We design tank solutions to suit a range of site conditions across the world from small scale to larger commissions. MODULAR TANKS For the mid-scale modular tank market, cylindrical flat-bottomed tanks are of most efficient due to the structural form. With structural steel quantities being less than 0.05 tonnes per m3 of stored product, flat bottom tanks are relatively efficient. Our estimates show modular tanks can be competitive with insitu storage and multiple small storage tanks. With factory production of the tanks significant price reductions can be expected. BENEFITS Tank design is standardised by volume based on site-specific seismic isolation Tanks prefabricated offsite in parallel with foundation construction Dedicated fabrication yard, leading to improved productivity and higher quality Tanks pre-commissioned offsite - - Reduced man-hours on site results in lower project costs. 2

3 ALL CONCRETE STORAGE 9% NICKEL LNG STORAGE Our specialists evaluated existing tank solutions to determine how the delivery schedule could be shortened and costs reduced and concluded a new form of tank was needed. The resulting design has excellent seismic performance; it is ductile and not susceptible to buckling. We provide front end and execution phase designs using the most advanced performance based design techniques and prepare cost, schedule and execution plan estimates on a bottom-up basis. We work for operating companies, developers and constructors and are not tied to proprietary solutions so can offer site specific open-book estimates. The ACLNG tank is faster to build because the construction sequence is simple; the inner and outer walls are built simultaneously and the time normally used to install either a membrane liner or a free-standing inner tank is saved. BENEFITS Can be built in 24 months from award of EPC contract to completion of commissioning 20% lower cost than conventional LNG tanks No metallic liners, pre-stressed inner and outer concrete tanks Slipformed concrete construction Locally available materials and labour maximised M E M B R A N E L I N E D L N G / L P G TA N K We have completed various prestressed concrete containment system designs for GST membrane-lined onshore LNG storage tanks. The containers include facetted internal provide to simplify the membrane lining and are reinforced to resist liquid LNG pressures in both the operating and safe shutdown design seismic event. REFURBISHMENT AND LIFE EXTENSION OF L N G TA N K S We have undertaken refurbishment projects on a number of LNG strategic reserve storage tanks. Existing tanks can be assessed for their suitability for an extended life. These assessments include an initial inspection and survey, identification of refurbishment options and the development of a refurbishment plan to minimise downtime. Wall movements, base joints and thermal stresses are analysed using an in-house program based on a finite element structural model.

4 DELIVERING SUCCESSFUL LNG PROGRAMMES Delivering LNG programmes across the supply chain POWER BARGE This supply chain snapshot looks at the LNG LNG TO POWER FLOATING market as a whole from generating the supply to meeting the demand. We have the capabilities to support programmes of varying size with numerous skills such as infrastructure design and technical due diligence. ARUP EXPERTISE ONSHORE INFRASTRUCTURE NEARSHORE INFRASTRUCTURE FLOATING INFRASTRUCTURE ONSHORE GAS FIELD POWER LARGE RE- UNIT LARGE LNG CARRIER LARGE OIL & GAS SMALL LNG CARRIER FLOATING RE-GASIFACTION LNG TO POWER LNG STORAGE KEY GAS LINE SHIP ROUTE ALTERNATIVE STORAGE TANKS HUB LNG FUELLED PASSENGER SHIP LNG FILLING STATION MINI JETTY MODULAR STORAGE TANKS SMALL SALT CAVERN GAS STORAGE

5 Shaping a better world CONTACT e: energy@arup.com w: