ENVIRONMENTAL SCORECARD

Transcription

1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCORECARD P a g e

2 Foreword In December 2005, the University Council endorsed Charles Sturt University s (CSU) University Strategy as a document of strategic intent. This strategy identified the responsible stewardship of resources among the University s key objectives for and beyond. CSU s Environmental Scorecard is an annual report that has been developed to provide an open and frank assessment of the University s progress against its sustainability targets set out in the Institutional Development Plan. This is the second edition of the report and I look forward to further supporting its development in future years. Encouraging progress has been made since 2006 towards the University s 25% reduction targets in water and energy use by 2011 and 2015 respectively. Despite this progress, there is no doubt that future challenges lie ahead in order for the targets to be realised and the University community must continue to work together to maximise resource efficiency in our day-to-day roles and responsibilities. I would like to thank the staff and students that have already made a contribution to CSU s sustainability targets through projects that they have been involved in some of which are outlined in Section 2 of this report. I would also like to congratulate those who have made small changes in their daily routines in the interests of the environment collectively these actions make a big difference to the University s footprint. Professor Ian Goulter Vice Chancellor and President 2 P a g e

3 Executive Summary This report reviews the energy and water use and associated costs for Charles Sturt University s (CSU) major campuses (Wagga Wagga, Bathurst, Orange, Thurgoona, Albury, Dubbo, Canberra and Broken Hill) for 2008 against values for 2007 and the baseline year, The purpose of this report is to provide a comparison and commentary of CSU s performance against the sustainability targets referred to within the University s Strategic Plan. The University s Institutional Development Plan (IDP) sets out the following sustainability targets in relation to the baseline year, 2006: reduction in water consumption of 25% by 2011 reduction in energy use of 10% by 2011 & 25% by 2015 to utilise at least 10% of CSU land for the purposes of increasing biodiversity by 2011 and 20% by 2015 to become a no waste University by 2011 to be carbon neutral by 2015 In 2008, an additional 3,596 m 2 of gross floor area was commissioned across the University s building portfolio. This represents an increase of 1.5% of total floor area. Overall, CSU consumed more energy in 2008 than it did in 2007 resulting in a 1.5% increase in stationary energy related greenhouse gas emissions (Figure 0-1). Despite this small increase in energy related greenhouse gas emissions, 2008 figures remained 8.5% below the 2006 baseline year. Figure Energy related greenhouse gas emissions for all CSU campuses for the period 2006 to 2008 Total water consumption for all CSU campuses reduced significantly from 2007 to 2008 (Figure 0-2). In 2008 water consumption was reduced by 40% compared to the 2006 baseline year. This surpasses the 25% reduction target set for P a g e

4 Figure Water consumption associated with all CSU campuses for the period 2006 to 2008 Greenhouse gas emissions produced by CSU staff travel activities (vehicle and air travel) have increased significantly since 2006 (Figure 0-3) with increases of 23% and 39% in 2007 and 2008 respectively. It should be noted that some increases in air travel emissions may be attributed to improvements in the centralised collection of data since Figure Travel related greenhouse gas emissions associated with CSU operations for the period 2006 to P a g e

5 Footprint ready reckoner The following provides some everyday comparisons to the volume of resources consumed and travel undertaken by CSU in Resource 2008 Figure Comparisons Energy 25,954 tonnes CO 2 2,003 4-person households equivalent Water 448,900,000 litres 2,232 urban 4-person households 448 Olympic-sized swimming pools Vehicle travel 4,940,000 kilometres Annual distance travelled by 345 family cars Air travel 20,065,623 kilometres 28,142 trips from Sydney to Melbourne It should be noted that data contained in this Scorecard has not been normalised for temperature and rainfall variations to provide more accurate comparisons with the baseline data. Current observations in energy and water use (ie apparent increases or decreases) may be influenced in part by climatic variations from one year to the next. These adjustments will be made in future years. 5 P a g e

6 Table of Contents Introduction University wide analysis Electricity consumption analysis Gas usage analysis Water consumption analysis Waste production analysis Motor vehicle travel analysis Air travel analysis Greenhouse gas emissions analysis Planned building additions Sustainability initiatives implemented in Wagga Wagga campus analysis Campus information Electricity audit Gas audit Water audit Waste audit Bathurst campus analysis Campus information Electricity audit Gas audit Water audit Waste audit Orange campus analysis Campus information Electricity audit Gas audit Water audit Waste audit Thurgoona campus analysis Campus information Electricity audit Gas audit Water audit Waste audit Thurgoona & Albury Albury campus analysis Campus information Electricity audit Gas audit Water audit Dubbo campus analysis Campus information Electricity audit Gas audit Water audit Waste audit Canberra campus analysis Campus information Electricity audit P a g e

7 9.3. Gas audit Water audit Broken Hill campus analysis Campus information Electricity audit Water audit TEFMA Benchmarking Referenced published documents Appendix A - Conversion factors Appendix B Abbreviations & units used Appendix C Worksheets P a g e

8 Introduction Charles Sturt University as an institution is committed to efficient resource use in facilities across all campuses. This Scorecard reviews the energy and water use and associated costs for CSU s major campuses (Wagga Wagga, Bathurst, Orange, Thurgoona, Albury, Dubbo, Canberra and Broken Hill) for 2008 against values for 2007 and the baseline year, The first edition of CSU s Scorecard was published in 2007 and was titled Energy & Water Scorecard. The scope of the document has grown in 2008 to capture other metrics possessing sustainability targets under CSU s IDP (eg waste, travel-related GHG emissions). It is envisaged that future editions of the Scorecard will also include a measurement against CSU s land use target for improving biodiversity as the organisation s progress in this area matures. Data for CSU s Goulburn, Manly, Ontario and Parramatta operations is not presented given the University s role as a tenant/sub-tenant within these facilities. In reviewing resource use associated with the major campuses, the following indicators have been selected: Electricity consumption in kilowatt hours (kwh) and equivalent tonnes of CO 2 emissions Gas consumption in megajoules (MJ) and equivalent tonnes of CO 2 emissions Mains supplied water consumption in kilolitres (kl) Waste management costs in dollars ($) a Travel by university vehicles for business use in kilometres (km), associated fuel use in litres (L) and equivalent tonnes of CO 2 emissions Air travel for university business in kilometres (km) and equivalent tonnes of CO 2 emissions a Dollars used as a proxy for volume of waste produced due to the availability of data. It is envisaged that waste will be reported in terms of volume in future versions of the Scorecard. It is important to note that the indicators chosen are those with readily available data, as recorded by Division of Facilities Management and Finance Division. The Environmental Scorecard will be published annually in March for the purposes of assessing CSU s performance against its sustainability targets and increasing awareness among staff, students and the general community of the measures being taken to address these targets. It is noted that the 2007 version of the Scorecard utilised a European conversion factor for calculating electricity-related GHG emissions. The 2008 version utilises the appropriate factor for NSW-based electricity generation. In addition, a quality review process for collated data was introduced to the preparation of the 2008 Scorecard that involved a revision of 2006 and 2007 data. As a result, there are several minor variations in values presented in the 2007 version compared to the current. 8 P a g e

9 1. University wide analysis 1.1. Electricity consumption analysis In 2008, a small increase in electricity consumption across all campuses was observed compared to The increase represented 1.4% of 2006 electricity use. Overall the University used 4.5% less electricity in 2008 than the baseline year, Figure Electricity use across all CSU campuses Wagga Wagga and Bathurst campuses were the largest users of electricity accounting for 52% and 30% respectively in 2008 (Figure 1-2). Orange, Albury, Thurgoona, Dubbo, Canberra and Broken Hill collectively represented 18% of CSU s electricity use. Figure Proportion of total electricity used by each CSU campus in 2008 Analysing electricity consumption for each campus against gross floor area provides a means of comparing the intensity of electricity use by the varied-sized campuses (Figure 1-3). In 2008, Wagga Wagga and Bathurst campuses were the most intensive users of electricity at 111 and 94 kwh/m 2 of gross floor area (GFA) respectively. Canberra was the least intensive electricity user at 29 kwh/m 2. 9 P a g e

10 These results highlight the challenges associated with the efficient operation of large campuses such as Wagga Wagga and Bathurst that comprise a multitude of decentralised plant, buildings and equipment. It is likely that the figure for Albury campus is suppressed as a result of staff and students being relocated to the Thurgoona campus and population densities being reduced. Conversely, efficiencies gained at the Thurgoona campus figurers have been offset as a result of staff and student relocations to the site. It is noted that the 2007 Scorecard analysed energy and water use by useable floor area rather than gross floor area. Gross floor area will be used in future versions of the scorecard to ensure consistency with the industry standard for normalisation. Figure Electricity use intensity comparison, based on gross floor area, for CSU campuses in 2008 compared to 2006 A summary of electricity related charges (summation of network and usage charges) is provided in Table 1-1. Average electricity market prices have increased by more than 16% between the 2005/2006 and 2008/2009 financial years (NEMMCO, 2009). CSU entered new supply agreements at several of its campuses during this period. CSU s total electricity related charges have increased by 14.8% from 2006 to 2008 as a result of increased prices, despite a 5.1% reduction in electricity use over the same period. It is noted that a billing anomaly for Thurgoona occurred throughout 2006 and 2007 period which resulted in a one off back-charge of approximately $45,000 being applied by the retailer in the 2008 reporting period. Wagga Wagga Table Electricity related charges for CSU campuses in 2008 Bathurst Orange Albury Thurgoona Dubbo Canberra Broken Hill CSU Total 2006 $1,131,187 $869,331 $176,030 $118,115 $134,121 $52,594 $2,521 $9,493 $2,483, $1,181,730 $872,142 $160,039 $138,153 $163,858 $43,900 $4,566 $9,493 $2,564, $1,331,488 $881,137 $214,900 $159,492 $210,979 $44,458 $7,933 $29,044 $2,850, P a g e

11 1.2. Gas usage analysis In 2008, a small increase in natural gas consumption across all campuses was observed compared to 2007 (Figure 1-4). The increase represented 2.1% of 2006 natural gas use. Overall the University consumed 11.3% less natural gas in 2008 than the baseline year, A rudimentary review of climate data associated with campus locations indicates that 2007 had a more mild winter than 2006 with mean minimum monthly temperatures being consistent or slightly above the long term average. The winter of 2008 was also observed to be more mild than The affect of a more mild winter is reduced heating loads to buildings and hot water. Figure 1-4 Natural gas consumption across all CSU campuses Wagga Wagga and Bathurst campuses were the largest users of natural gas accounting for 47% and 43% respectively in 2008 (Figure 1-5). Orange, Albury, Thurgoona, Dubbo and Canberra collectively represented 10% of CSU s natural gas use. Figure Proportion of total natural gas used by each CSU campus in P a g e

12 In 2008, Bathurst campus was the most intensive user of natural gas by a significant margin at 579 MJ/m 2 of GFA followed by Wagga Wagga campus at 437 MJ/m 2. Orange was the least intensive natural gas user at 90 MJ/m 2. These trends, in part, can be attributed to the relatively cool winter climates experienced in Bathurst compared to the other campuses and the fact that most existing buildings on the Orange campus are fitted with electric rather than gas heating. Figure 1-6 Natural gas use intensity comparison, based on gross floor area, for CSU campuses in 2008 compared to 2006 A summary of natural gas related charges (summation of network and usage charges) is provided in Table 1-2. CSU s total natural gas related charges have increased by 7.1% from 2006 to 2008 as a result of the increased prices, despite an 11.3% reduction in natural gas consumption over the same period. Natural gas supply agreements for the campuses are with several different suppliers. For each of these, usage charges have generally been revised on an annual basis. Using Wagga Wagga Campus as an example, natural gas usage charges per MJ increased by 3.7% from 2006 to 2007 and by 4.3% from 2007 to Table 1-2 Natural gas related charges for CSU campuses in 2008 Wagga Bathurst Orange Albury Thurgoona Dubbo Canberra CSU Total Wagga 2006 $442,589 $315,458 $26,880 $49,318 $42,761 $21,093 $1,650 $899, $403,199 $310,794 $21,806 $43,385 $30,067 $17,723 $2,211 $829, $407,021 $425,419 $26,396 $40,912 $33,720 $26,320 $4,263 $964, Water consumption analysis In 2008, CSU experienced a significant reduction in mains supplied water use compared to 2007 (Figure 1-7). The reduction represents 16.1% of 2006 water use. Overall the University consumed 40.0% less mains supplied water in 2008 than the baseline year, This result surpasses the University s target of a 25% reduction on 2006 water use. It is noted that the term mains supplied water is used over potable water due to Bathurst campus receiving a raw water supply for irrigation purposes. Water supplied from both potable and raw water supplies has been included in the data for Bathurst campus. 12 P a g e

13 Figure 1-7 Mains supplied water consumption across all CSU campuses for the period 2006 to 2008 Wagga Wagga and Bathurst campuses were the largest users of mains supplied water accounting for 67% and 23% respectively in 2008 (Figure 1-8). Orange, Albury, Thurgoona, Dubbo, Canberra and Broken Hill collectively represented 10% of CSU s mains supplied water consumption. Figure Proportion of total mains supplied water used by each CSU campus in 2008 In 2008, Wagga Wagga was the most intensive user of mains supplied water at 2.7 kl/m 2 of GFA. Thurgoona and Broken Hill campuses were the least intensive water users at 0.3 kl/m 2. These trends, in part, can be attributed to water use for irrigation of vineyards, glasshouses, playing fields and selected lawn areas at Wagga Wagga campus. Canberra campus water use intensity has been observed to decrease significantly with the commissioning of water efficient new facilities. Thurgoona is deemed a low intensity water user due to the absence of irrigated playing fields or lawn areas and a very high composition of indigenous plants making up landscaped areas. The limited number of evaporative coolers and cooling towers present at the Thurgoona campus is another contributing factor. 13 P a g e

14 Figure 1-9 Mains supplied water use intensity comparison, based on gross floor area, for CSU campuses in 2008 compared to 2006 A summary of water related charges (summation of network and usage charges) is provided in Table 1-3. CSU s total water related charges have decreased by 24.2% from 2006 to 2008 representing an annual saving of more than $140,000. Each of CSU s campuses is supplied water from a different water utility. Price increases did occur from 2006 to 2008, however these varied across the campuses. Bathurst campus experienced the greatest price increase with the cost of filtered water increasing by 35% from January 2006 to August It is noted that the apparent cost reductions at the Canberra campus are a result of a faulty revenue meter. Table Water related charges for CSU campuses in 2008 Wagga Wagga Bathurst Orange Albury Thurgoona Dubbo Canberra Broken Hill CSU Total 2006 $315,483 $153,799 $73,225 $12,676 $8,940 $20,379 $3,174 $3,025 $590, $246,893 $134,813 $57,908 $30,521 $13,321 $30,259 $5,097 $2,340 $521, $227,979 $88,622 $47,358 $25,989 $13,075 $36,482 $2,702 $2,230 $444, Waste production analysis Waste management costs have been collated for this analysis due to data on actual volumes of waste produced not being available for each of the campuses. Reporting processes have been established to allow this data to be compiled for 2009 and into the future. It is noted that waste management costs do not provide an ideal proxy for volumes of waste produced by waste type. This is due to single suppliers providing individual invoices for services that in some cases cover multiple waste streams (eg general waste and recycling). In 2008, waste management related charges reduced by 9.1% compared to the baseline year, 2006 (Figure 1-10). This reduction in charges is primarily attributable to changes in the way that waste is managed at the Wagga Wagga Campus. A compactor is now housed at the site that has the ability to reduce general waste down by 75 80% of its original volume. This process reduces that number of 14 P a g e

15 trips to site that are required from the waste contractor and the embedded energy associated with transportation of the waste to landfill. It is noted that the introduction of a closed-loop organics recycling scheme and co-mingled recycling to the Wagga Wagga campus is also expected to have reduced the total volume of general waste going to landfill. Figure 1-10 Waste management related charges for Wagga Wagga, Bathurst, Orange, Thurgoona, Albury and Dubbo campuses for the period 2006 to 2008 General waste to landfill represents approximately 50% of CSU s waste management costs (Figure 1-11). There has been a 17.4% reduction in the cost of managing general waste in 2008 compared to Recycling and sanitary waste represent a similar proportion of CSU s waste management costs, both fluctuating between 22% and 28%. Compost, liquid waste and bulk dumping management costs typically represent less than 3% of total waste management costs. Figure Break down of waste management costs for all campuses, by waste stream, for the period 2006 to P a g e

16 In 2008, Wagga Wagga campus comprised 44% of CSU s waste management costs (Figure 1-12). Combined costs for Thurgoona and Albury campuses were the next largest contributors at 27%. Figure 1-12 Proportion of waste management related charges, by campus, for 2008 Electronic waste or E-waste (computers and peripheral devices) is not captured by the categories provided above. For several years, CSU s Division of IT (DIT) has practised a policy of no E-waste to landfill. For the period , E-waste was disposed of via an appropriate recycling agent. In 2008, these disposal practices became cost prohibitive and a new process of renovating computers and selling via auction has been utilised. In 2008, 140 desktop computers were sold at a profit of $13,900. This money is redirected by the Executive Director, DIT back into sustainability related projects throughout CSU. It is noted that computers that are considered obsolete are still disposed of via a recycling agent to minimise the risk of such equipment quickly becoming disposed of via landfill Motor vehicle travel analysis Data relating to fuel consumption by CSU vehicles on business related travel has been collated as a rolled-up figure. A breakdown of fuel use, by fuel type (eg ULP, diesel, LPG) is planned for future versions of the Scorecard. In 2008, there was a 5% increase in the volume of fuel consumed by CSU vehicle on business related travel (Figure 1-13). This increase is attributed to a 10.7% increase in the number of kilometres that were travelled by University vehicles compared to 2006 (Figure 1-14) and is likely to have been offset to some extent by improvements in fuel efficiency of the vehicle fleet. 16 P a g e

17 Figure Litres of fuel consumed by CSU vehicles for business related travel Figure Kilometres travelled by CSU vehicles for business related travel 1.6. Air travel analysis In 2008, there was an 89% increase in the number of kilometres travelled by CSU staff on domestic flights and a 37% increase in kilometres travelled on international flights compared to These two figures combined represent a 45% increase in total flight kilometres. It is noted that improvements in the centralised collation of travel data since 2006 may provide an apparent increase air travel (ie not all flights taken by CSU staff were captured in 2006). 17 P a g e

18 Figure Kilometres travelled by CSU staff on domestic and international flights for the period 2006 to Greenhouse gas emissions analysis A summary of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the consumption of stationary energy at all CSU campuses is provided in Table 1-4. These figures follow the trends associated with electricity and natural gas consumption. In 2008, there was a 8.5% reduction in the volume of energy related GHG emissions compared to A significant contributor to the reduced energy related greenhouse gas emissions that is not highlighted through reductions in electricity and natural gas consumption, is the decommissioning of a coal fired boiler at Bathurst campus in mid Table Greenhouse gas emissions associated with stationary energy consumption (electricity, natural gas and coal) for each CSU campus (shown in Tonnes CO 2 equivalent). Percentage change represents difference from the 2006 baseline year Wagga Wagga Bathurst Orange Albury Thurgoona Dubbo Canberra Broken Hill CSU Total % Change % % In 2008, Wagga Wagga campus represented 51% of CSU s combined energy use while Bathurst was then next highest user at 33%. Combined energy use at the other five campuses comprised 16% of energy use. 18 P a g e

19 Figure Proportion of energy related greenhouse gas emissions for each CSU campus in 2008 In 2008, there was a 0.2% decrease in total GHG emissions associated with energy use and travel compared to 2006 (Figure 1-17). This shows that the GHG savings achieved through an 8.5% reduction in energy use have been nearly offset by increases in vehicle use and air travel. Overall it is estimated that travel related activities accounted for 25% of CSU s total GHG emissions in 2008 (Figure 1-18). GHG emissions associated with stationary energy consumption were responsible for 75% of the total. Figure Combined energy and travel related greenhouse gas emissions for CSU during the period 2006 to P a g e

20 Figure Breakdown of CSU's GHG emissions by source type for Planned building additions CSU has experienced a period of significant building development since 2006 with the introduction of Veterinary Science, Dentistry and Health Sciences to the University s course range. In addition is the final stage of development associated with the Albury-Wodonga Campus Relocation Project. As a result of these factors, significant construction is planned to continue on CSU campuses out until The net affect of planned construction activities and CSU vacating the Albury City Campus will be a 13% increase in building GFA by Inherently energy intensive operations such as laboratories, specialist teaching spaces and clinics form a large component of the proposed new buildings. CSU faces a real challenge in achieving a 25% reduction in energy consumption by 2015 in light of the proposed expansion activities that are to occur. This target will only be reached through significant investment in energy efficiency measures within existing building stock and setting stringent performance targets for all new facilities. 20 P a g e

21 2. Sustainability initiatives implemented in 2008 This section of the Scorecard is intended to provide a high-level overview of the various sustainability initiatives that have been implemented across CSU in These initiatives are summarised in Table 2-1. Table Summary of sustainability projects implemented across CSU in 2008 Target area Campus Project overview Expected outcomes Energy Wagga Wagga Education and awareness program for student residences Involved in house displays for energy consumption and social marketing initiatives Received $72,631 contribution from NSW Government s Public Facilities Program Partnership project with Country Energy and Landis+Gyr Energy & sustainability 15 18% reduction in energy use within targeted residences Provide findings that can be applied to a University-wide project Thurgoona Opening of Academic Accommodation Stage 3 Pending assessment of 6-Star As Designed Green Star submission representing World Leader in sustainable building design Energy & water Wagga Wagga Energy efficiency improvements to light fittings Installation of power factor correction equipment Water efficiency improvements in amenity areas Received $77,000 contribution from NSW Government s Public Facilities Program Required $300,000 investment by CSU Sustainability All campuses Signing onto the NSW Department of Environment & Climate Change s Sustainability Advantage Program 463,000 kwh of electricity savings per year 4,430,000 L of potable water savings per year Formalised assessment of CSU s current systems & processes to support sustainability Implementation plan and access to resources to improve current processes Waste All DIT computer renovation and resale 140 computers re-sold rather than disposed of via recycling or landfill $13,900 profit from sales reinvested into sustainability projects Waste Bathurst Bokashi bin (composting of organics) trial commenced Redirecting organic waste from landfill 21 P a g e

22 Target area Campus Project overview Expected outcomes Waste Dubbo Introduction of co-mingled recycling bins Redirecting recyclable plastics and aluminium cans from landfill Waste Wagga Wagga Commencement of closed-loop organic recycling Approximately 200 tonnes of waste per year scheme redirected from landfill Waste Wagga Wagga Introduction of co-mingled recycling bins Redirecting recyclable plastics and aluminium Water Bathurst Installation of Muller 3C cooling tower to replace conventional open loop cooling tower New cooling tower has the ability to operate in a dry mode when ambient temperatures are suitable Water Thurgoona Grey water recycling ponds upgrade Received $45,499 of support from Australian Government s Community Water Grants Water Wagga Wagga Upgrade of dam and pump facilities to supply stormwater for irrigation and compost production Received $16,500 of support from Australian Government s Community Water Grants Water Wagga Wagga Inclusion of rainwater harvesting project in new Veterinary Clinic Building Provides water for hosing down of hard surfaces in animal holding pens Received $49,905 of support from Australian cans from landfill 80% reduction in potable water compared to conventional cooling tower More effective treatment of wastewater generated on the campus 500,000 L of potable water savings per year 720,000 L of potable water savings per year Government s Community Water Grants Water Wagga Wagga Conversion of ornamental lake to stormwater top-up More than 10,000,000 L of potable water saved per year Water All campuses Trial of waterless urinal technologies Will determine whether University-wide implementation of technology is feasible 22 P a g e

23 3. Wagga Wagga campus analysis 3.1. Campus information Total building gross floor area (m 2 ) 109,967 Student headcount ,230 (3,164 internal; 9,066 distance) Site area (hectares) 82 (42 actively managed; 40 woodland) Student residences 1,262 (50 St Francis College; 92 St Martins College) Significant plant and/or facilities wine & cheese production facilities printery 2 irrigated playing fields swimming pool gymnasium glasshouses irrigated vineyards The Wagga Wagga campus of Charles Sturt University is divided into the north and south campuses. The data provided combines energy and water consumption for both campuses. In 2008, there was a 5.1% reduction in electricity use at Wagga Wagga campus compared with 2006 (Figure 3-1). This figure is a further improvement on the 3.3% reduction achieved in An additional 1,700 m 2 of GFA was added to the Wagga Wagga Campus in 2008 as a result of the commissioning of the Vet Science Clinical Building and extensions to the CD Blake Experimental Winery Electricity audit Figure Electricity consumption at Wagga Wagga campus for the period 2006 to P a g e

24 3.3. Gas audit In 2008, there was 13.6% reduction in the consumption of natural gas at Wagga Wagga campus compared to 2006 (Figure 3-2). This change represents a 1.7% reduction from Figure 3-2 Natural gas consumption at Wagga Wagga campus for the period 2006 to Water audit In 2008, there was 28.8% reduction in the consumption of potable water at Wagga Wagga campus compared to 2006 (Figure 3-3). This change represents a further 15.4% reduction from that achieved in Wagga Wagga campus has surpassed its 25% reduction target for potable water. The significant water savings at the campus are attributed to the voluntary implementation of level 4 water restrictions on all irrigated areas except playing fields, progressive installation of sub-surface irrigation where feasible, conversion of an ornamental lake to stormwater make-up, extensive use of mulch to reduce evaporation from landscaped areas and the implementation of a stormwater harvesting project to provide water for irrigation and compost-processing requirements. 24 P a g e

25 Figure 3-3 Mains supplied water consumption at Wagga Wagga campus for the period 2006 to Waste audit In 2008, there was a 36.1% reduction in the cost of waste management at Wagga Wagga campus compared to 2006 (Figure 3-4). This reduction in charges is primarily attributable to changes in the way that waste is managed at the site. A compactor is now housed at the site that has the ability to reduce general waste down by 75 80% of its original volume. This process reduces that number of trips to site that are required from the waste contractor and the embedded energy associated with transportation of the waste to landfill. Although the actual volumes of various waste streams produced by the campus were not measured throughout 2008, observations suggest that the commencement of a closed-loop organics recycling scheme and co-mingled recycling have also reduced the total volume of general waste going to landfill. It is noted that the costs presented in this figure do not include labour and blending materials required for the management of the organics recycling scheme. A detailed analysis of the cost and benefits associated with the management of the scheme was completed with funding made available through Riverina Eastern Regional Organisation of Councils. This analysis demonstrated that the scheme had a net financial benefit in that the treated product from the recycling scheme could be produced at a lower cost than soil improvers that were previously purchased and imported on to the campus. 25 P a g e

26 Figure Costs associated with waste management at Wagga Wagga campus for the period 2006 to P a g e

27 4. Bathurst campus analysis 4.1. Campus information Total building gross floor area (m 2 ) 74,729 Student headcount ,367 (2,981 internal; 6,386 distance) Site area (hectares) 74 (56 actively managed) Student residences 1,180 Significant plant and/or facilities printery 2 irrigated playing fields gymnasium centralised low pressure hot water boilers 4.2. Electricity audit In 2008, there was 7.7% reduction in the consumption of electricity at Bathurst campus compared to 2006 (Figure 4-1). This change represents a further 2% reduction from Figure Electricity consumption at Bathurst campus for the period 2006 to Gas audit In 2008, there was 6.7% increase in the consumption of natural gas at Bathurst campus compared to the previous year (Figure 4-2). Despite this increase, overall natural gas use at Bathurst in 2008 remained 4.8% below that used in the 2006 baseline year. Factors that may have contributed to the observed increase in natural gas use in 2008 include the operation of the 4 additional Windradyne Colleges for the full year (commissioned mid-2007) and a cooler winter in 2008 compared to P a g e

28 Figure Natural gas consumption at Bathurst campus for the period 2006 to Water audit In 2008, there was 50.3% reduction in the consumption of mains supplied water at Bathurst campus compared to 2006 (Figure 4-3). This change represents a further 26.7% reduction from that achieved in Bathurst campus has surpassed its 25% reduction target for mains supplied water. The primary factor for the observed reductions in water use at the Bathurst campus is attributed to changes in irrigation. The decommissioning of the site s golf course in 2008 and the elimination of its associated irrigation requirements is one such change. Figure 4-3 Water consumption at Bathurst campus for the period 2006 to P a g e

29 4.5. Waste audit In 2008, there was a 17.3% increase in the cost of waste management at Bathurst campus (Figure 4-4). The only driver for this increase in costs was associated with sanitary waste. Small savings were achieved in the areas of general waste and recycling management costs. Figure Costs associated with waste management at Bathurst campus for the period 2006 to P a g e

30 5. Orange campus analysis 5.1. Campus information Total building gross floor area (m 2 ) 20,498 Student headcount (325 internal; 493 distance) Site area (hectares) 49 actively managed Student residences 172 Significant plant and/or facilities 1 irrigated playing field irrigated vineyards predominantly electric room heating Electricity audit In 2008, there was 13.2% increase in the consumption of electricity at Orange campus compared to 2006 (Figure 5-1). This upwards trend follows from a 6.5% saving achieved in There are no obvious reasons for the increase in electricity consumption at this campus. It is likely that climatic factors and extensive construction activities on site did contribute. Figure 5-1 Electricity consumption at Orange campus for the period 2006 to Gas audit In 2008, there was 10.9% increase in the consumption of natural gas at Orange campus compared to 2006 (Figure 5-2). This upwards trend follows from a 3.1% saving achieved in There are no obvious reasons for the increase in gas consumption at this campus. As with electricity, it is likely that climatic factors did contribute. 30 P a g e

31 Figure Natural gas consumption at Orange campus for the period 2006 to Water audit In 2008, there was 53.6% reduction in the consumption of potable water at Orange campus compared to 2006 (Figure 5-3). This change represents a further 30.6% reduction from that achieved in Orange campus has surpassed its 25% reduction target for potable water. It is noted that 2008 experienced substantially higher summer rainfall than 2007 or 2006 which may have reduced demand on potable water supply for irrigation requirements. Figure Water consumption at Orange campus for the period 2006 to P a g e

32 5.5. Waste audit In 2008, there was a 71.2% increase in the cost of waste management at Orange campus (Figure 5-4). The primary driver for this increase in costs was associated with general waste. Small increases were also observed in the cost of managing sanitary waste. Figure Costs associated with waste management at Orange campus for the period 2006 to P a g e

33 6. Thurgoona campus analysis 6.1. Campus information Total building gross floor area (m 2 ) 15,062 Student headcount ,327 a (1,889 internal, 1,338 distance) Site area (hectares) 90.2 Student residences 246 Significant plant and/or facilities grey water treatment ponds several passive buildings a This figure also includes Albury student numbers CSU s Thurgoona campus is progressively expanding to accommodate staff and students from Albury campus. By 2010, it is planned that all CSU operations at the Albury campus will be relocated to Thurgoona. There is a high level of ecological sustainable design (ESD) incorporated into buildings on the Thurgoona campus compared to other campuses. These ESD initiatives operate with varying degrees of success however have provided CSU with many insights into passive building design. The most recent addition to the Campus, Academic Accommodation Stage 3, was pending a determination of a 6-Star Green Star As Designed rating at the time of this Scorecard being developed Electricity audit In 2008, there was a 12.2% reduction in electricity use at Thurgoona campus compared with 2006 (Figure 6-1). This is an increase on 2007 figures during which 41.2% less electricity was used than in Air conditioning equipment in the Gums Café that was not operational throughout 2007 was used throughout This factor along with extensive construction activities on site and the commissioning of Academic Accommodation, Stage 3 in late 2008 would have contributed to the observed increase in electricity use in P a g e

34 Figure Electricity consumption at Thurgoona campus for the period 2006 to Gas audit In 2008, there was a 59.5% reduction in electricity use at Thurgoona campus compared with 2006 (Figure 6-2). This is an increase on 2007 figures during which 71.7% less electricity was used than in A significant boiler on the site was out of operation in 2007 which may have contributed to the slight increase in Figure Natural gas consumption at Thurgoona campus for the period 2006 to Water audit In 2008, there was 48.9% reduction in the consumption of potable water at Thurgoona campus compared to 2006 (Figure 6-3). This change represents a further 41.7% reduction from that achieved in Thurgoona campus has surpassed its 25% reduction target for potable water. 34 P a g e

35 Improved utilisation of the rainwater harvesting system at Thurgoona campus in 2008 is considered the major factor that has contributed to the observed reductions in water use. Figure Water consumption at Thurgoona campus for the period 2006 to Waste audit Thurgoona & Albury Consolidated contracts and invoicing are in place for waste management at Thurgoona and Albury campuses. As a result, the available data for 2008 cannot be separated between the two campuses. In 2008, there was a 43.8% increase in the cost of waste management at Thurgoona & Albury campuses (Figure 6-4). The primary driver for this increase in costs was associated with general waste. Small increases were also observed in the cost of managing recycling. It is noted that a single service provider supplies bin hire for both general and recyclable waste. This provides some distortion in the apparent increase to the cost of managing general waste. Clean-up and relocation activities that have occurred at the Albury City Campus throughout 2008 are the main likely causes for the increase in waste management costs. 35 P a g e

36 Figure Costs associated with waste management at both Thurgoona and Albury campuses for the period 2006 to P a g e

37 7. Albury campus analysis 7.1. Campus information Total building gross floor area (m 2 ) 11,857 Student headcount ,327 a (1,889 internal, 1,338 distance) Student residences 0 Significant plant and/or facilities N/A a This figure also includes Thurgoona student numbers The majority of Albury campus is being relocated to the Thurgoona site via staged development. It is proposed that most staff and students will be relocated by early It is likely that reduced student and staff numbers on the campus have contributed to the observed reductions in electricity, gas and water consumption at the site Electricity audit In 2008, there was a 7.9% reduction in electricity use at Albury campus compared with 2006 (Figure 6-1). This represents an additional 3.6% decrease from 2007 figures during which 4.3% less electricity was used than in Figure Electricity consumption at Albury campus for the period 2006 to Gas audit In 2008, there was a 35.4% reduction in natural gas use at Albury campus compared with 2006 (Figure 7-2). This represents an additional 14% decrease from 2007 figures during which 21.3% less natural gas was used than in P a g e

38 Figure 7-2 Natural gas consumption at Albury campus for the period 2006 to Water audit In 2008, there was a 34.9% reduction in water use at Albury campus compared with 2006 (Figure 7-3). This follows from an increase of 10.5% that was observed during 2007 compared to Figure Water consumption at Albury campus for the period 2006 to P a g e

39 8. Dubbo campus analysis 8.1. Campus information Total building gross floor area (m 2 ) 5,758 Student headcount (385 internal; 48 distance) Site area (hectares) 41.4 (11 actively managed) Student residences 62 Significant plant and/or facilities Shower towers providing cooling to Stage 1 building (scheduled for decommissioning in 2009) 8.2. Electricity audit In 2008, there was a 2.3% reduction in electricity use at Dubbo campus compared with 2006 (Figure 8-1). This represents a very small increase of 0.2% over 2007 electricity consumption. Figure 8-1 Electricity consumption at Dubbo campus for the period 2006 to Gas audit In 2008, there was an 8.1% increase in natural gas use at Dubbo campus compared with 2006 (Figure 8-2). This follows from a decrease of 20% in 2007 compared to There are no obvious reasons for the increase in gas consumption at this campus. It is likely that climatic factors did contribute. 39 P a g e

40 Figure 8-2 Natural gas consumption at Dubbo campus for the period 2006 to Water audit In 2008, there was a 46.5% reduction in water use at Dubbo campus compared with 2006 (Figure 8-3). This is an additional decrease of 3.9% compared to that achieved in Dubbo campus has surpassed its 25% reduction target for potable water. Figure Water consumption at Dubbo campus for the period 2006 to Waste audit In 2008, there was an 8.5% increase in the cost of waste management at Dubbo campus compared to 2006 (Figure 8-4). The primary driver for this increase in costs was associated with liquid waste management. There was a peak in waste management costs in 2007 where increases to both general waste and sanitary waste resulted in a 38.4% increase compared with P a g e

41 Figure Costs associated with waste management at Dubbo campus for the period 2006 to P a g e

42 9. Canberra campus analysis 9.1. Campus information Total building gross floor area (m 2 ) 871 Student headcount (41 internal; 315 distance) Site area (hectares) 3.4 Student residences 0 Significant plant and/or facilities High-quality landscaped gardens 9.2. Electricity audit In 2008, there was a 61.2% increase in electricity use at Canberra campus compared with 2006 (Figure 9-1). This also represents a significant increase of 28.1% on 2007 figures. The observed increase in electricity consumption at the Canberra campus is attributed to the commissioning of the Academic House building comprising approximately 770 m 2 of GFA. The new building has been constructed with energy efficiency principles and it is anticipated that these efficiencies will be realised as staff continue to relocate into the new building from older facilities. Figure Electricity consumption at Canberra campus for the period 2006 to Gas audit In 2008, there was a 3.6% increase in natural gas consumption at Canberra campus compared with 2006 (Figure 9-2). This is a significant step down from 2007 when natural gas use was 33.9% greater than in P a g e

43 Figure 9-2 Natural gas consumption at Canberra campus for the period 2006 to Water audit In 2008, there was a problem with the revenue meter associated with the Canberra campus resulting in no water use being measured. Consumption at the site has been assumed to remain at 2007 levels in Figure Water consumption at Canberra campus for the period 2006 to P a g e

44 10. Broken Hill campus analysis Campus information Total building gross floor area (m 2 ) 5,041 Student residences 0 Site area (hectares) 1 Significant plant and/or facilities Large proportion of building area leased to tenant Electricity audit No electricity consumption data was available for Broken Hill campus in An assumption has been made that 2006 consumption was consistent with A 216% increase in electricity use was observed in 2008 compared to 2007 (Figure 10-1). The significant increase in electricity use in 2008 is attributed to the leasing of a significant area of the facility to an external tenant. Refrigerative air conditioning equipment was installed to service the newly tenanted space. The previous tenants in the facility were separately metered for their electricity use. Figure Electricity consumption at Broken Hill campus for the period 2006 to 2008 It is noted that the Broken Hill campus is not connected to a natural gas supply Water audit In 2008, there was a 37.6% reduction in water use at the Broken Hill campus compared to 2006 (Figure 10-2). The observed reduction in water use is attributed to the fact that a tenanted area of the facility was previously occupied by a nursing home facility which has since been converted to office and teaching space. The new use for this area of the building has a significantly lower water demand. 44 P a g e

45 Figure Water consumption at Broken Hill campus for the period 2006 to P a g e

46 11. TEFMA Benchmarking The Tertiary Education Facilities Management Association (TEFMA) each year undertakes a benchmarking exercise of University facilities. In 2007, energy was considered in detail and CSU performance can be tracked against all other institutions and the sector mean for a range of parameters. Data from TEFMA s 2008 benchmarking survey was not available at the time that this Scorecard was developed. This comparison is based on the gross floor area of core university buildings and therefore excludes residences and enterprises. Figure 11-1 shows normalised energy use (GJ/m 2 ), for all of CSU s core facilities against the mean value calculated for all Australian universities. CSU consistently rates above the mean figure, however recent trends have shown the difference to be closing AU MEAN CSU ALL Figure Normalised energy use (GJ/m 2 ) for all core CSU facilities against the mean for all Australian universities 46 P a g e

47 Figure 11-2 shows normalised water use (kl/m 2 ), for all of CSU s core facilities against the mean value calculated for all Australian universities. CSU consistently rates significantly above the mean figure. CSU s normalised figure will drop significantly for 2008 data as a result of the reductions in water consumption that have been achieved at most campuses AU MEAN CSU ALL Figure Normalised water use (kl/m 2 ) for all core CSU facilities against the mean for all Australian universities 47 P a g e

48 12. Referenced published documents Australian Bureau of Statistics (1996), viewed Feb 2009, cca2570ec0073f6a7!opendocument Australian Government, Department of Climate Change (2008), viewed Feb 2009, Australian Greenhouse Office (2007), viewed Feb 2009, NEMMCO (2008), viewed Feb 2009, Riverina Eastern Regional Organisation of Councils (2008) Charles Sturt University Closed-loop Recycling System Ross, D. (2007), viewed Feb 2009, Sydney Water (2008), viewed Feb 2009, ts.cfm TEFMA (2008) 2007 Benchmark Report Institutional Edition 48 P a g e