Integrated Water Resources Management

Transcription

1 Integrated Water Resources Management Presentation at the PRESTO Status Seminar Minsk, Respublic of Belarus Prof. Dr. Lars Ribbe Director of Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics (ITT) Cologne University of Applied Sciences Betzdorfer Straße Cologne, Germany Mail: lars.ribbe@fh-koeln.de 1

2 Content 1. Water: one resource many uses 2. River basin as a planning unit 3. EU- Water Framework Directive 4. Transboundary River Basin Water Management 5. Conclusion 2

3 About the ITT, Cologne University of Applied Sciences Education International Master Programmes on Water, Land and Energy Resources in cooperation with Jordan, Vietnam, Mexico; Academic Exchange Worldwide Research Interdisciplinary Research on Renewable Resources Water, Land, Energy in a regional context Global Change Implications on the Natural Resources Base: Climate, Demographic, Economical Drivers Capacity Development Short Courses, Summer Schools, Curriculum Design, Training 3/30

4 Partners, Projects, Alumni of the ITT

5 Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics ITT For more Information log on to: 5/30

6 1. Water: one resource many uses

7 One Resource: Renewable but limited!

8 Many Uses: Creating Benefits and impacts!

9 Just one Example: Impacts of Agriculture on Water Quality Major pollutants: Fertilizers Biocides Sediments Antibiotics Hormones Pathogens Salts Source: modified from

10 Sources and pathways of surface water pollution (example Nitrogen) Aquatic Ecosystem Source:

11 The role of water for key pillars of development Energy Security satisfying growing demands to support economic development ( enough energy at any time ) Water Resource access to sufficient food, in particular of the poor Food Security Water Security enough clean water for economy and ecosystems Protect from water related disasters (floods, droughts)

12 Interactions and Interdependencies in many way: Example: The Water-Energy Nexus Source: Energy Demands on Water Resources, U.S. Department of Energy, 2006 p

13 Water Demand to guarantee water, energy and food security 13

14 14 Many interlinkages demands for IWRM Elements and Levels of Integration: Socio-economic System Agriculture Forestry Recreation Urban Industrial Commercial Water & Waste Treatment Institutional System Time Space Institutions, governments, civil society, educational, private & public sectors, Policies, laws, rights, licences, regulations, Natural System Precipitation Evapotranspiration Infiltration Percolation Runoff Storage Topography Geology Soils Vegetation Climate

15 Health Water Quality Water Supply Floods/Droughts Energy Agriculture Industry Pollution Prev Coastal Mgt. Ecosystem Mgt. Water and Wealth: typical approach Wealth Policy/Inst. Framework Governance Objectives Social Development Economic Development Env. Protection Feedback Management Institutions Activity Sectors (water uses) Water and Related Resources

16 Health Water Quality Water Supply Floods/Droughts Energy Agriculture Industry Pollution Prev Coastal Mgt. Ecosystem Mgt. Water and Related Resources Water and Wealth: IWRM approach Wealth Policy/Inst. Framework Objectives Management Institutions Governance IWRM Water and water related policies review and revision Social Economic Env. Development Development Protection IWRM Resource development, management, monitoring, and evaluation Feedback Activity Sectors (water uses) IWRM Resource availability/use analysis and allocation

17 IWRM: definition Global Water Partnership (GWP) 2000: A process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems

18 Dimensions of IWRM Ecosystem Sustainability Enabling Environment Information Valuation/Financing Allocation/Modeling Assessment/Monitoring Policy Legislation Regulation Participation Intern. Coop. Coordination Level of action Capacity building Management boundaries Economic Efficiency Social Equity Source: GWP

19 2. River Basins as planning units

20 IWRM: Need for integration How can we assure it? Need to define a common system, large enough to address interactions (availability-demand, groundsurface water, upstream-downstream, ) River Basin! (Watershed, Catchment, Drainage Basin) Image Courtesy of MAF 2002 Hydrographic Basin: The land area that contributes runoff to an outlet point 20

21 The Danube and the Black Sea Basin Source: 21

22 Concept of Sub-watersheds: nested systems Wipfra: Gera Subwatershed 165 km². Elbe: River Basin in Europe size: 148,000 km² Saale: Elbe Sub-Watershed size: 24,000 km² Gera: Saale Sub-watershed size: 1,070 km²

23 The Baltic Sea Basin Sourcehttp:// 23

24 Recreation Urban water supply and drainage Environmental protection River Basin Agriculture To prevent or solve problems and conflicts and to meet social and natural demands in river basins, integrated approaches are indispensable River maintenance Forest conservation Hydropower Fisheries

25 Particiption and Cooperation: Key to IWRM success Stakeholders involved in river basin planning, each having different goals and information needs, source: Engineering News Record, 1993 Runoff Runoff Evapotranspiration Evapotranspiration Infiltration 25

26 3. The EU Water Framework Directive

27 European integration

28 Water Framework Directive (WFD): evolution and objectives 1970s: environmental concern rose, rivers were very polluted many new laws and directives were introduced, classified as A) Environmental quality standard (EQS) B) Emission Limit Values (ELV) 1980s significant improvement of water quality 1990s concerns are still high: demand for further integration of environmental legislation regarding water in Europe 2000: Water Framework Directive

29 Main WFD objective The central objective of the WFD is to prevent further deterioration and to achieve at least good status of all water bodies in all EU Member States by Aims at a win-win situation between ecology and economy at an appropriate geographical scale River Basins are the units for water management Main Text WDF:

30 Key elements of WFD River basin management districts (RBMD) are set up as administrative units within River Basins (or comprising whole river basins), competent authority for each RBMD needs to be determined River basin management plans need to be developed for each RBMD, involving all stakeholders Clear process with deadlines Guidance provided by EU Commission Reporting, monitoring on implementation

31 Implementing the EU WFD Source Ribbe et al 2006

32 River Basin Districts in the EU

33 Implementation Strategy Common Implementation Strategy 1.1 Tools for sharing information 1.2 Raising awareness 1 Sharing Information 4 Application, Testing and Validation 2.1 Analyse pressures and impacts 2.2 Heavily modified water bodies 2 Develop Guidance 2.3 Conditions of inland surface waters 2.4 Typology, classification of transitional, and coastal waters 2.7 Monitoring 4.1 Integrated testing in pilot river basins 2.5 Intercalibration 2.8 Tools on assesment and classification of groundwater 2.6 Economic analysis 2.9 Best practices in river basin planning 3.1 Geographical Information Systems 3 Info Management Source: Ribbe et al. 2006

34 Implementation report Overall implementation of the environmental and economic analysis Source: EU commission; COM(2007) 128 final

35 4. Transboundary Water Resources Management

36 Location of shared River Basins

37 Scope and Relevance of Shared Watersheds Worldwide: 263 transboundary watersheds They represent 40 % of world population, 50 % of land area and 60 % of runoff World Atlas of International freshwater agreements (Aaron Wolf, Oregon State university)

38 Sharing water: potential conflict Nile Basin Danube Basin Aral Sea Basin.to cooperation potential!

39 Trial to provide international framework for transboundary water resources management: UN convention 1997 failed! Obligation not to cause significant harm to other basin states, equitable and reasonable utilization Conjunctive management / integrated management of water resources /sustainable water use Information exchange Need for consultation and negotiation / prior notification Establishing water allocation rules Establishing water quality standards Establish conflict resolution methods (settlement of disputes) UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses :

40 Case study Rhine River 40

41 Source: http//:4.bp.blogspot.com/.../s1600/europe-river.gif (09/2011)

42 58 million inhabitants Domestic, industrial, hydropower, cooling, navigation, tourism, environmental protection, Major concerns: pollution, nutrient loads (coastal ecosystems), floods

43 Rhine River Basin 43

44 Cologne at the Rhine River Flooding

45 Rhine: Early treaties

46 Rhine: Recent Treaties

47 Chloride pollution

48 International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine: ICPR Objectives of ICPR: Sustainable development of the entire Rhine ecosystem. Guarantee the use of Rhine water for drinking water production. Improvement of the sediment quality in order to enable the use or disposal of dredged material without causing environmental harm. Overall flood prevention and environmentally sound flood protection. Improvement of the North Sea quality in accordance with other measures aimed at the protection of this marine area

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50 Location of Waterworks and chemical industries

51 Location of Monitoring stations

52 International Warning and Alarm Network

53 Success of Water Quality Management: Phosphate Concentrations

54 Decreasing Nitrate pollution through better agricultural practices Cooperation between utilities and farmers Utilities support farmers by extension services to realize best management practice: use less and/or organic fertilizer, less pesticides etc. Nitrate concentration at the three water supply sites of Cologne, Niederkassel, Troisdorf;

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56 The Salmon is back! WZ: 19. Nov. 2001

57 Rhine River Basin Management as part of WFD implementation

58 WFD report part B: Management in NRW

59 Watershed Associations in North-Rhine Westphalia (NRW) Source: LUA

60 Lessons Learnt Water has multiple uses which influence each other Integration between users considering the whole water cycle is necessary (IWRM) River basin is the adequate unit to achieve integration EU-WFD: clear objective, defining RBM Districts, planning cycle Transboundary basins: challenges through administrative boundaries which cross river basins Rhine River as success story!? 60