What we are looking for through utilizing the global earth observation. 14 January 2012 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Yusuke AMANO

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1 What we are looking for through utilizing the global earth observation 14 January 2012 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Yusuke AMANO 1

2 Outline To clarify what sort of data are to be monitored for the following stages of water resources management including flood management. 1. Planning WRM 2. Operating WRM system when drought or flood is occurring Our expectation and/or hope to the global earth observation 2

3 1. Planning for water resources management Demand Water Balance Supply Water demand is not only the current needs on water but also the future needs in consideration with economic growth and population increase. Supply potential in a drought year in the current and future climate. 3

4 1. Planning for water resources management Demand Water Balance Supply Reducing the usage of water Recycling of waste water Storage (reservoirs, lakes) Reducing the water leakage Planning for Water Resource Management 4

5 1. Planning for water resources management JICA has provided technical assistances to establish the national WRM plan. Macedonia(1999) The study on integrated water resources development and management master plan Nigeria(1995) The Study on the National Water Resources Master Plan Cote d'ivoire (2001) Master plan study on integrated water resources management Bulgaria(2008) The Study on Integrated Water Management Kenya(1992) The study on national water master plan Zambia(1995) The study on the national water resources master plan Vietnam(2003) The study on nationwide water resources development and management Kenya(1998) The aftercare study on the national water master plan Philippines(1998) Master plan study on water resources management Malaysia(1982) National Water Resources Study 5

6 1. Planning for flood management For Structural Measures Flood scale targeted to protect the area is to be determined. Annual maximum river discharge in certain return period (which is calculated by model utilizing annual maximum rainfall) or Annual maximum river discharge in record Increasing river flow capacity (embankment, widening channel, etc) Storage (reservoirs, lakes, retarding basins) + Non Structural Measures Planning for flood management 6

7 1. Planning for flood management JICA has provided technical assistances to establish the flood management plan. Study on Integrated Plan for Flood Mitigation in Chao Phraya River Basin in 1999 Study on Plan for Flood Management in Metro Manila in 1990 Floodway 7

8 1. Planning for water resources management Necessary Data to plan WRM water consumption for portable water, agriculture (irrigation) and industrial water simulation on population growth and economic growth rainfall (daily), river flow quantity (daily), operation data of the reservoir (daily) and groundwater level (daily) at the respective river basins [during at least 10 years] 8

9 1. Planning for flood management Necessary Data to plan for flood mng. Topographical data in rivers (dike/bank alignment, cross sections, weirs, etc.) Topographical data in basins Inundation data (area, depth, duration) recorded in the past flood rainfall (hourly), water level in rivers (hourly), river flow quantity (hourly), operation data of the reservoir (hourly) at the respective river basins [during at least 10 years] 9

10 1. Planning Rainfall-runoff simulation model Rain is a natural phenomenon which has time and spatial distribution. Rainfall gauge produces data at only a point. The whole rainfall distribution and run-off process are integrated into one (river flow quantity). To compromise missing data, water circle simulation model is established. rainfall, evaporation (temperature), geographical data, land use, (snowfall) Model river flow quantity, ground water level 10

11 1. Planning Issues to be tackled regarding data collection 1) insufficient monitoring stations 2) inadequate operation and maintenance for monitoring stations 3) shortage of monitoring duration and inconsecutive monitoring 4) incorrect data 5) not stored data It is expected that the development of global observation will help better planning for IWRM. 11

12 2. Operating WRM system If water supply is insufficient, Demand Water Balance Supply It is needed to Increase the amount of discharge from a dam etc. and/or Implement the restriction on water intake 12

13 2. Operating WRM system Necessary Data for WRM For water demand, Present water consumption for portable water, agriculture (irrigation) and industrial water [on a daily basis] Water rights for the respective water users For water supply, Present river flow quantity, present dam discharge and present groundwater level Past data mentioned above 13

14 2. Operating WRM system JICA has provided some assistances for operating WRM system. Proposal for establishing WRM system Installation of the weather and hydrological observation equipments Capacity Development for operating WRM system 14

15 2. Operating flood risk reduction system To reduce the risk on flood, it is important to forecast and warn flood based on monitoring rainfall and water level in rivers. Therefore It is needed to grasp the real rainfall the real water level in rivers (river flow quantity) the real data on dam operation 15

16 2. Operating flood risk reduction system Necessary Data for Flood Present cumulative amount of rainfall, present water level in rivers, present river flow quantity and present dam discharge at the respective river basins [on a hourly basis] Past data mentioned above Forecasting the amount of rainfall, predicting water level in rivers one hour after 16

17 2. Operating flood risk reduction system JICA has provided some assistances for risk reduction on flood. Installation of the weather and hydrological observation equipments and development of flood forecasting and warning system Capacity Development on flood risk reduction Community-based early warning system Study for Disaster Risk Management 17

18 2. Operating Issues to be tackled regarding data collection 1) insufficient monitoring stations 2) inadequate operation and maintenance for monitoring stations 3) incorrect data 4) not transmitted data in a timely manner 5) no installation of flood forecasting system It is expected that the development of global observation will help better operation of IWRM system. 18

19 JICA Challenge 1) To support to develop better IWRM system including on-time and on-site activities; and 2) To incorporate the latest achievement of global earth observation into the IWRM system. 19

20 Thank you for your attention.