Advancing Energy Efficiency in (Commercial) Buildings: The Advocates Role

Transcription

1 Advancing Energy Efficiency in (Commercial) Buildings: The Advocates Role 2013 AHRI-ACEEE Energy Efficiency Summit August 5, 2013 Harvey Sachs, ACEEE

2 Assigned topics: 1. Is ASRAC working? What are the potential outcomes? 2. How do we see the future of certification? 3. How can Advocates help advance system efficiencies? 4. What challenges do Advocates face? 1. What will Advocates support? 2. Who pays?

3 Is ASRAC working? Stated goal: Making CCE workable. Underlying Assumption: Rating methods are decent models of field performance Implicit goal: Common understanding of basic models across products. To enable extended use of AEDGs simulation methods to reduce the cost of serving niches, innovating, reducing prototyping, etc. The ASRAC WG is exhausting. Two 2-day meetings/month for 4 months. At any given time, most people in the room are suffering discussions of product issues that don t pertain to them.

4 Early ASRAC WG Results: DOE accepted that basic models can t be defined w/o simultaneous focus on AEDGs. DOE has accepted that some niche products will (continue to be) marketed that might not meet letter of the law. E.g., coated coils and other lowvolume options. For one-of-a-kind products (common in CRE): The sample is the universe, so test every unit But don t have to make a second unit to test two for variance. I believe that DOE is trying hard to focus on what they need confidence that certification and enforcement system is working, and being flexible on the means. Insisting on level playing field for VICP (3 rd party certification) and independent certification.

5 Future of Equipment Certification, IF ASRAC succeeds: Straightforward path for reliable, relatively low-cost, CCE. This in itself seems well worth the effort DOE may have learned that they can get better outcomes by working with stakeholders. We may not have (legal) assurance of performance (% better than ) for higher-efficiency, differentiated products. Federal single-metric standards just don t reflect efficiency options. ASRAC cannot advance system integration; it can only make one obstacle manageable.

6 Chiller Water System Example ASHRAE 90.1 fan power requirement, no approach requirement and ignore water use Regulations Cooling Tower No regulations Do not address multiple chillers and towers although most are applied that way Condenser Water Pump Current 550/590 Chiller Standard and Certification focus ASHRAE 90.1 Full and part load efficiency Condenser Evaporator Compressor No focus on condenser water pumping power other than a pipe sizing requirement No focus on chilled water pumping power other than pipe sizing 6 No integration of economizers, exhaust fans, ERV and IAQ Very little focus on the effective air distribution Chart prepared by Richard Lord Outside Air Air Handler Conditioned Space Chilled Water Pump No focus on duct pressure drop and very little on applied fan power

7 What does System Efficiency Require? Efficient Active Components got it covered? Better understanding of passive components. Pumping efficiency for GCHP Systems* Pump watts/ton cooling Pump hp/100 tons Grade 50 5 A B C D > F *Kavanaugh & Rafferty, Table 5.1

8 Chiller Water System Example ASHRAE 90.1 fan power requirement, no approach requirement and ignore water use Regulations Cooling Tower No regulations Do not address multiple chillers and towers although most are applied that way Condenser Water Pump Current 550/590 Chiller Standard and Certification focus ASHRAE 90.1 Full and part load efficiency Condenser Evaporator Compressor No focus on condenser water pumping power other than a pipe sizing requirement No focus on chilled water pumping power other than pipe sizing 8 No integration of economizers, exhaust fans, ERV and IAQ Very little focus on the effective air distribution Chart prepared by Richard Lord Outside Air Air Handler Conditioned Space Chilled Water Pump No focus on duct pressure drop and very little on applied fan power

9 Transporting 100 Tons 100 Feet Transport Medium Conduit Size Design Spec. Required Power Heat Penalty 40,000 cfm Hi. Vel. Air 44 Duct 0.3 in. wtr. per 100 ft. 2.2 kw 2 for S&R 0.63 Tons 2 for S&R 40,000 cfm Lo. Vel. Air 54 Duct 0.1 in. wtr. per 100 ft kw 2 for S&R 0.21 Tons 2 for S&R 240 gpm chilled wtr. 4 in. pipe 4 ft. wtr. per kw 2 for S&R 0.08 Tons 2 for S&R 150A/460 VAC-3 ph. 3-00AWG x Ω per kw 0.08 Tons

10 Does the HVAC System Approach Address Building Energy Efficiency Adequately? What about control of unregulated loads? EIA estimates ¼ of today s loads, and growing ACEEE estimated 1/3 by 2050 What stimulates Shell Improvements? Depends on building size and climate, of course. Will Location become more important? type environmental impacts

11 3. How can Advocates help advance system efficiencies? Constructive role and engagement in standards development Will consensus agreements remain on the landscape? ASHRAE, Federal, California, ASRAC and its CCE RegNeg. AHRI working groups on water heater ratings and 210/240 RAC and HP. Be credible in our community. Technical credibility. Communications and responsiveness. Active engagement with the broader community. Keep asking for more. Help start efforts like ASHRAE SSPC 205* Easier to use, improved, actual building performance paths (including policy issues) *Standard Representation of Performance Simulation Data for HVAC&R and Other Facility Equipment

12 4. What challenges do Advocates face? 1. What will Advocates support? 2. Who pays?

13 What will Advocates support? MUST look like win-win for owner and environment: Reduced LCC & environmental impact. MUST be explainable ( elevator speech or sound bite ) to environmental leaders MUST have demonstrable assurance that it is an advance, not a retreat. Hard to Loop-hole Easy to enforce feedback to owner (and AHJ or equivalent) is critical Should support innovation. E.g. tying BIM, energy modeling, and compliance (comparison with energy bills) tightly together

14 Who pays? Consider Tax Reform. Presenting issue is depreciation. Is the underlying issue distortion of incentives? Build and Flip (lousy feedback loops) vs. Design-Build-Own-Operate (ongoing performance feedback) Thinking ahead, who are our allies if this becomes a serious discussion?

15 Will Utilities Play in the Systems Game? Given approach to technical limits on equipment efficiency, Pay for Points (of EER) will become extinct: Too many $$ per unit gain. Pay for (building or system) Performance is harder and a minefield of potential customer issues if we don t make it bullet-proof. As efficiency becomes pervasive, utilities fear a business death spiral. They will oppose paying for their own demise.* For a century, heart of their business has been return on capital. Abundant CHP, renewables, and on-site storage would reduce them to a grid services business. Or, do you want them to be the energy services providers for buildings, so they re still in the capital recovery business? *Kind, Peter, Disruptive Challenges: Financial Implications and Strategic Responses to a Changing Retail Electric Business. Edison Electric Institute, Washington, DC

16 Let the Conversation Continue! Harvey M. Sachs, Ph.D. Senior Fellow, ACEEE office cell