Green Schools: 绿色学校 Lessons from Canada 加拿大的经验

Transcription

1 Green Schools: 绿色学校 Lessons from Canada 加拿大的经验 Macao International Environmental Co-operation Forum & Exhibition 澳门国际环保合作论坛及展览 Session C: Green Buildings Foundations of a Low Carbon Future 主题 C: 绿色建筑 - 低碳未来的基础

2 Presentation overview 陈述概要 1. What are green schools? 何谓 绿色 学校? 2. Five lessons from Canada for smarter green schools 加拿大关于绿色学校的五条经验 3. Online Case Study: Okanagan College 在线个案分析 : Okanagan 学院 2

3 My background 本人专业背景 Member of CMHC International Training Team (ITT) 加拿大联邦住宅署 (CMHC) 国际培训专家组成员 CMHC promotes Canada s construction industry internationally and encourages partnerships CMHC 致力宣传加拿大建筑业并鼓励国际间合作 Shares Canada s building expertise with the world 与世界分享加拿大技术专长 For more info, see 如需更多信息, 查阅 CMHC 网站 3

4 What are green schools? 什么是 绿色 学校? Three key characteristics: 三条关键特征 : 1. Less environmental impact during entire life cycle (i.e. construction, operation, maintenance, repair and demolition) 在整个建筑生命周期 ( 即施工, 使用, 养护, 修缮, 拆除 ) 对环境的影响较小 2. Cost-effective to build and operate 可在修建和营运上节约成本 3. Healthy and productive learning environment 健康有效的学习环境 4

5 Growth of green schools in Canada 绿色学校在加拿大的发展 Extensive experience in Canada with green school design and construction 加拿大在绿色学校的设计和修建上有着广泛经验 Education sector is fastest growing sector for green buildings 教育界是绿色建筑业发展最快的领域 More than 100 projects registered with Canada Green Building Council s LEED green building rating system 加拿大绿色建筑协会已注册超过 100 个达到 LEED 认证标准的绿色学校建筑项目 5

6 Most important benefits 最重要的益处 Better learning environment, student performance and ability to attract/retain teachers due to: 更佳的学习环境, 更好的学生表现, 更多吸引人才和稳定师资的有利条件是由于 : good indoor air quality 良好的室内空气质量 increased daylight and views 更多的自然光及更美的景色 improved thermal comfort 提高热感舒适度 better acoustics 更好的音响效果

7 Key lessons from Canada s green schools 加拿大关于绿色学校的重要经验 1. Integrated design is essential 一体化设计至关重要 7

8 Limitations of traditional design process 传统设计流程的局限 Difficult (and expensive) to achieve high levels of environmental performance with traditional design 通过传统设计来提高建筑的环保水平既困难 ( 且造价高 ) 8

9 累积成本 Expensive and difficult to make changes 修改困难且费用昂贵 影响成本的可能性 使用成本 修建成本 规划成本 时间 计划 修建 使用与养护 9

10 Features of integrated design 一体化设计的特色 Much more inclusive, collaborative and flexible process 更加包容, 互助和灵活的过程 Wider range of technical skills included in project team 项目组成员有更广泛的技能 Uses series of workshops ( design charrettes ) with all stakeholders 举行一系列针对项目有关人士的设计研讨会

11 Recommended reading 推荐读物 CMHC Integrated Design Process Guide 加拿大联邦住宅署 (CMHC) 一体化设计流程指南 upload/integrated_design_guideeng.pdf 11

12 Key lessons from Canada s green schools 加拿大关于绿色学校的重要经验 1. An integrated design process is essential 2. High levels of performance can be achieved at a modest additional capital cost 少量的额外建设费用即可获得好的效果 12

13 Cost of green schools 绿色学校的成本 Most school projects are achieving LEED certification in same cost range as non-leed projects 大多数获得 LEED 认证的项目与没有此认证的项目成本相当 Capital cost premiums are modest, typically less than 3% 额外建筑费用也较低, 通常不到 3% Reduced long-term operating costs more than offset capital cost premium 长期节约的运行费用可抵消额外的建筑费用且有盈余 Even conventional technology can achieve large savings 即使传统技术也可以节省大笔开支 13

14 Key lessons from Canada s green schools 加拿大关于绿色学校的重要经验 1. An integrated design process is essential 2. High levels of performance can be achieved at little additional capital cost 3. Careful balance is needed between energy demand and supply 需小心维护能源供求的平衡 14

15 Energy demand vs. supply 能源供给相对于能源需求 Many projects put too much emphasis on renewables and not enough on energy efficiency 许多项目过分强调可再生能源而对节能重视不足 Use software such as RETScreen to make more informed choices 采用 RETScreen 等软件可帮助做出适当的决定 Energy Efficiency 能源节省 Renewable Energy 可再生能源 15

16 RETScreen decision-making software RETScreen 清洁能源项目分析软件 Significantly reduces time and cost to compare renewable and energy efficiency options 可极大地减少用于比较可再生能源和节能各种选择的时间和费用 Available free in Mandarin at: 从此网站可免费下载中文版 RETScreen 软件

17 Key lessons from Canada s green schools 加拿大关于绿色学校的重要经验 1. An integrated design process is essential 2. High levels of performance can be achieved at little additional capital cost 3. Careful balance is needed between energy demand and supply 4. Futureproof 超越未来 17

18 Making schools more flexible 更灵活的学校 Most renewable energy technologies are still expensive but are becoming more cost-effective 大多数可再生能源技术价格仍然过高不过在逐渐下降 Make provision so renewable energy systems can be more easily added 制定条款令添加可再生能源系统更容易 Design schools so that they can be eventually converted to other uses 设计学校时应考虑将来可改造为他用 18

19 Key lessons from Canada s green schools 加拿大关于绿色学校的重要经验 1. An integrated design process is essential 2. High levels of performance can be achieved at little additional capital cost 3. Careful balance is needed between energy demand and supply 4. Futureproof 5. Consider hybrid wood construction 考虑木材与其它材料混用的结构 19

20 Hybrid wood-concrete/steel construction 木材混凝土 / 钢组合结构 Green schools frequently making extensive use of wood 绿色学校频繁大量地使用木材 Certified wood is an environmentally preferable building material 经认证的木材是优选的环保建筑材料 Enhances appearance where structure is exposed to reduce finishes and costs 令外露的建筑构件更美观因而减少最后修饰和成本 Hybrid wood-concrete or wood-steel construction combines advantages of each material 木材混凝土或木钢组合结构综合了每种材料的优点 20

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26 Ken Klassen CMHC International Training Team Tel

27 Case Study: Okanagan College Centre of Excellence 案例分析 : 奥肯那根学院卓越中心 27

28 Project overview 项目概述 Location: 地点 : Penticton, British Columbia, Canada 加拿大卑诗省彭蒂克顿 Building type: 7335 m 2 college with 300 m 2 for start-up sustainable technology companies 建筑类型 : 7335 m2 校舍及 300 m2 可持续技术创业企业 Occupants: 使用者 : 250 full-time equivalent students and staff 相当于 250 名全职学生及员工 Project status: Nearing completion 项目进度 : 接近完工 28

29 Project overview 项目概述 Purpose of Centre of Excellence 卓越中心的宗旨 Educate students in design, installation and maintenance of sustainable green technologies 提供可持续绿色技术设计 安装及维护课程 Building elements and systems are accessible so they can be used as teaching tools 建筑构件及结构触手可及, 可用于教学 Serves as an incubator for innovative green building 培育绿色建筑创新 29

30 Project overview 项目概述 Construction cost 建造成本 Similar to another building completed by Okanagan College in 2009 built to LEED Gold 与奥肯那根学院 2009 年落成的 获 LEED 金奖的另一建筑项目成本相当

31 Project team 项目团队 31

32 Site Plan 总平面图 32

33 Front Entry 正门 33

34 First Level 1 楼 Second Level 2 楼 34

35 Living Building Challenge 生态建筑挑战认证 One of 60 + projects in Living Building Challenge 卓越中心是六十多项经生态建筑挑战认证的项目之一 Certification program by International Living Building Institute 国际生态建筑学院认证项目 Represents most advanced standard for sustainability 代表可持续性的最高标准 Requires net zero energy use 要求零能耗 One level of certification (pass or fail) rather than multiple levels like other systems (e.g. LEED, BREEAM) 单一级别认证 ( 通过或未通过认证 ), 与多级认证项目 ( 如美国能源及环境设计先锋奖 LEED 认证, 英国建筑研究所环境评估法 BREEAM 认证 ) 不同 35

36 Living Building Challenge 生态建筑挑战认证 For more information: 详情请见 : 36

37 Hybrid wood-concrete construction 木材 - 混凝土混合建筑 Extensive use of certified wood 大量使用经认证木材 Structure, exterior cladding and interior finish 结构 外墙覆面及内墙饰面 Lower life-cycle environmental impacts than concrete or steel 整个生命周期环境影响小于混凝土或钢结构 Improved appearance where structure is exposed 结构外露仍不影响外观 37

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40 Hybrid wood-concrete construction 木材 - 混凝土混合建筑 Innovative composite wood-concrete panels for gymnasium walls 创新的木 - 混凝土混合板用于体育场馆墙面 75mm thick reinforced concrete panels cast between wood glulam columns 在木胶合梁中浇注 75 毫米厚的钢筋混凝土板 Allows both concrete thickness and glulam size to be reduced 可同时减少混凝土板厚度及木胶合梁尺寸 PEX piping cast-in concrete for radiant heating and cooling system 混凝土中预埋 PEX 管道, 用于辐射供暖 供冷系统 40

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43 Hybrid wood-concrete construction 木材 - 混凝土混合结构 Weight reduction of composite wood-concrete panels 木材 - 混凝土混合板重量减轻 Only 5 tonnes per 3.6m x 7.9m panel compared to 14 tonnes for conventional 185mm thick pre-cast concrete panel 传统的 185 毫米混凝土预制板重达 14 吨, 而每张 3.6m x 7.9m 混合板仅重 5 吨 Savings on size and cost of foundation 减小地基尺寸, 节约其成本 Reduced embodied energy and carbon emissions 减少固化能耗及碳排放

44 Hybrid wood-concrete construction 木材 - 混凝土混合结构 Extensive use of cross-laminated lumber 大量使用交错层压板材 44

45 Energy performance 节能性能 Conserve + Capture + Create 节流 + 开源 + 创新 Increased insulation levels 隔热效果增强 High performance doors and triple-glazed windows 高性能的门及三层窗 Low level of air leakage 较少空气泄漏 High efficiency lighting and daylighting 高效光照 采光 Solar shading 遮阳 45

46 Solar shading and daylighting 遮阳及采光 Winter 冬季 Summer 夏季 46

47 Energy performance 节能性能 Conserve + Capture + Create 节流 + 开源 + 创新 Passive solar gain 获取被动太阳能 Ground source heat pump 地源热泵 Ground source cooling 地源制冷 Light pipe technology 导光管照明技术 Natural and displacement ventilation 自然及置换通风 47

48 Natural ventilation 自然通风 48

49 Displacement mechanical ventilation 机械置换通风 49

50 Renewable energy 可再生能源 Conserve + Capture + Create 节流 + 开源 + 创新 Photovoltaic-generated electricity 光伏发电 Net metering 净计量 Evacuated tube solar water heating 真空管太阳能热水器 50

51 Rooftop Photovoltaics and Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors 屋面光伏系统及太阳能真空集热管 51

52 Mechanical System Schematic 机械系统示意图 52

53 Okanagan College Centre of Excellence 奥肯那根学院卓越中心 For more information, contact 更多信息, 请联系 : Robert Parlane, CEI Architecture Planning Interiors marketing@ceiarchitecture.com or 或 view construction progress online 在线项目建造进程