R13. IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT. (Civil Engineering)

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1 Code No: RT41013 Set No. 1 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (Civil Engineering) 1. a) c) d) e) What is the purpose of work scheduling? Define activity cost slope. What are the uses of compaction? What are the different types of scrapers and write its purpose. Write the uses of Concrete Mixer. What are the various types of earthwork equipment? Mention their uses. 2. a) What are the different types of floats involved in CPM? Explain in detail project management constructions. 3. a) Explain about Resource Analysis and Resource Allocation. Explain the steps involved in cost duration analysis. 4. a) Explain about the compaction equipment and various types of rollers. Explain about different trucks used in construction field and write about its capacities [10] [6] What is the operating principle of a power shovel? What are the factors which affecting the output of a power shovel? Explain about i) Mixing and placing of concrete ii) Consolidating and finishing. 7. a) Explain the different methods of construction? Write about quality control and safety engineering in construction.

2 Code No: RT41013 Set No. 2 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (Civil Engineering) 1. a) List out the advantages of scheduling. What is meant by resource leveling and crashing? c) What is the use of rear dump truck? d) Explain about Tractors. e) What are the uses of crushers? Explain the methods of piling. 2. a) What are the objectives and functions of construction management? Draw a PERT network for the following and find expected mean time, variance and SD of the project. Activity Three-time estimates (days) a) Explain about Project evaluation and review technique with one example? Write about the updating in project evaluation. 1 of 2

3 Code No: RT Set No. 2 Mention the various types of earthwork equipment and their uses keeping in view of economical considerations. 5. a) Describe the various applications of a bulldozer. List various operations that can be performed by a bulldozer. 6. a) Name the equipments needed for compacting concrete and explain their uses in detail? Write about the selection of crushing equipment. 7. Write short notes on i) Placing of concrete ii) Form work iii) Fabrication and erection [6] [5] [5] 2 of 2

4 Code No: RT41013 Set No. 3 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (Civil Engineering) 1. a) What is the significance of critical path? Define EST. c) What are the different types of compaction equipment? d) Write the parts of a scraper with neat sketch. e) What are the different concrete mixers? Write about pile driving equipment. 2. What are the charts? Enumerate the various types of chart with graphical representation? 3. Explain about crashing for optimum cost and crashing for optimum resources. 4. Discuss the role of tractors in earth moving. What considerations govern the selection of wheel type or crawler type tractor on a job? Compare their applications. 5. Elaborately discuss the various material handling equipments (any Four) and discuss their specific purpose in detail. 6. Explain in detail various equipment used for compaction, batching and mixing of concrete. 7. Explain the different types of form works and their uses?

5 Code No: RT41013 Set No. 4 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (Civil Engineering) 1. a) What is the purpose of numbering events? What is the classification of networks? c) What are the different compaction rollers and write about any two of them. d) How can scrapers help in increasing speed of construction e) What are the types of crushers? Write about sheet piles? 2. a) Describe PERT and CPM? Write about components of Networks? 3. a) Explain about Resource Leveling and Resource Allocation? Write about the cost-duration analysis. 4. a) What are the various factors affecting while selecting construction equipments? What is the cycle time in trucks and calculate the truck production. 5. Explain about the Hoisting and earthwork equipment in detail? 6. Explain in detail about i) jaw crushers ii) gyratory crushers iii) impact crushers 7. a) Write in detail about quality control and safety engineering. Give the differences between industrial form work and conventional form work.

6 Code No: RT41023 Set No. 1 POWER SYSTEMS OPERATION & CONTROL (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) 1. a) What is a penalty factor in economic scheduling? Give its significance. What are the important methods of hydro thermal coordination? c) What is the need of solution methods for unit commitment problem? d) What is meant by tie line bias control? e) What are the considerations in selecting the frequency bias parameters? What is the need for FACTS controllers? 2. a) Explain the following terms with reference to thermal plants i) Heat rate curve ii) Incremental fuel rate curve iii) Incremental production cost curve Incremental fuel costs in Rs/MWh for 2units in a plant are given by =0.15P1+25, =0.12P2+15. The minimum and maximum loads on each unit are to be 20MW and 125 MW respectively. Determine IFC and allocation of load between units for the minimum cost and load is 150MW. Assume both the units are operating. 3. A two plant system has a steam plant near the load centre and hydro plant at a remote location. The characteristics of both the stations are C1= (0.045PT+26) PT Rs/hr W2= (0.004PH+7) PH m3/sec. And γ2=4 x 10-4 Rs/m3 and B22= MW-1. Determine the power generation at each station and power received by the load when λ=65 Rs/MWh. 1 of 2

7 Code No: RT Set No. 1 A power system network with a thermal power plant is operating by four generating units. Determine the most economical units to be committed to a load demand of 7MW. Also prepare the UC table for the load change s in steps of 1MW starting from the minimum to the maximum load. The minimum and maximum generating capacities and cost-curve parameters of the units listed in a tabular form are as given in below: Capacities and cost-curve parameters of the units Unit number capacity (MW) Cost-curve parameters Min Max a b c a) What are the basic requirements needed for control strategy in LFC system. Obtain the mathematical modeling of the line power in an inter-connected system and its block diagram. 6. Explain how the control scheme results in zero lie-line power deviations and zero frequency deviations under steady state conditions following a step load change in one of the area system with neat block diagram. 7. a) Compare the different types of compensating equipment for transmission system? Explain the specifications of load compensation? 2 of 2

8 Code No: RT41023 Set No. 2 POWER SYSTEMS OPERATION & CONTROL (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) 1. a) Define the incremental fuel and production costs. c) d) e) Obtain the hydro electric plant model. What is the need for unit commitment? What is the necessity of keeping frequency constant? What is the need of integral control in single area LFC system? What is the need of load compensation? 2. a) What is a penalty factor in economic scheduling? Explain its significance? The fuel input per hour of plant 1 and 2 are given as C1=0.2P12+40P1+120 Rs/h C2=0.25P22+30P2+150 Rs/h Determine the economic operating schedule and the corresponding cost of generation if the max and min loading on each unit is 100MW and 25MW, the demand is 180 MW and transmission losses are neglected. If the load is equally shared by both the units, determine the saving obtained by loading the units as per equal incremental production cost. 3. A two plant system having a steam plant near the load centre and hydro plant at a remote location. The load is 4500MW for 16hrs a day. The characteristics of the units are C1= PT2+45PT+120, W2= PH2+0.6PH, B22=0.001MW-1. Find the generation schedule, daily water used by the hydro plant and daily operating cost of thermal plant for γj=85.5 Rs/m3-hr. 1 of 2

9 Code No: RT41023 Set No a) What are the merits and demerits of DP method over priority list scheme? Using the dynamic programming approach, how do you find the most economical combination of the units to meet a particular load demand? 5. a) What is meant by the line bias control? With a neat diagram explain briefly different parts of turbine speed governing system? Explain clearly about proportional plus integral LFC with a block diagram and show that frequency change in steady state is zero. 7. a) What are the merits and demerits of different types of compensating equipment for transmission system? Explain the uncompensated and compensated transmission lines of 2

10 Code No: RT41023 Set No. 3 POWER SYSTEMS OPERATION & CONTROL (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) 1. a) c) d) e) What are coordination equations? Give their physical significance. What is the need of optimal scheduling of hydrothermal system? What are the merits of dynamic programming method? Obtain the modeling of Hydro turbine. What is meant by area control error in two area system? What are the specifications of load compensator? 2. Derive the transmission loss formula for a system consisting of n-generating plants supplying several loads inter connected through a transmission networks. State any assumptions are made. 3. Describe the hydro thermal economic load scheduling. Derive the necessary equations? 4. a) Explain the priority list method for unit commitment. Using dynamic programming method to determine the most economical units to be committed to supply a load of 6 MW. There are three units with the following data. C1=0.8 P P1, C2=0.85P22+21P2 and C3=0.8P32+20P3. The maximum and minimum capacity of each unit is 5 MW and 1 MW respectively. 5. Obtain the block diagram representation of an isolated power system. 6. a) For a single area system, show that the static error in frequency can be reduced to zero for single area load frequency control with integral control. Distinguish between load frequency control and economic load dispatch control with neat block diagram. 7. Explain clearly what you mean by compensation of lines and discuss briefly different methods of compensation.

11 Code No: RT41023 Set No. 4 POWER SYSTEMS OPERATION & CONTROL (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) 1. a) What is the need of economic operation of power systems? What is the importance of hydro thermal coordination? c) What are the constraints in unit commitment? d) Obtain the mathematical modeling of speed governing system. e) What is the need of integral control in two area LFC system? What are the advantages and disadvantages of different types of compensation? 2. a) Explain the need of economical load dispatch for a given power system. A system consisting of two plants connected by a tie line and load is located at plant-2. When 100MW is transmitted from plant-1, a loss of 10MW takes place on the tie line. Determine the generation schedule at both the plants and the power received by load when λ of the system is 25Rs/MWh and IFC are given by =0.03P1+17 Rs/MWh, =0.06P2+19 Rs/MWh. 3. Obtain the condition for economic generation of steam and hydro plants for short term scheduling. State the any assumptions are considered. 4. Using dynamic programming method to determine the most economical units to be committed to supply a load of 6 MW. There are four units with the following data C1=0.8 P P1, C2=0.6P22+22P2, C3=0.5P32+21P3 and C4=0.6P42+20P4. The maximum and minimum limits for each unit are 6 MW and 1 MW respectively. 1 of 2

12 Code No: RT41023 Set No a) With a neat diagram explain briefly different parts of turbine speed governing system? Two control areas have the following characteristics Area 1:R1=0.011p.u., B1=0.85p.u., Base MVA=1000 Area 2: R2=0.018 p.u., B2=0.95p.u., Base MVA=1000 A load change of 200MW occurs in area 1. Determine the new steady state frequencies? 6. a) Draw the block diagram of load frequency control and economic load dispatch? Explain its combined operation. Explain clearly about proportional plus integral load frequency control with a block diagram. 7. a) Discuss the transmission lines compensation? Explain the specifications of load compensator. 2 of 2

13 Code No: RT41034 Set No. 1 UNCONVENTIONAL MACHINING PROCESSES (Mechanical Engineering) 1. a) List the machining characteristics of the Unconventional Machining Processes. c) d) e) List the elements used in the Electro Chemical Machining process. Explain the term Sinking in Electro Discharge Machining Method. Explain briefly how material is removed in EBM process. Write about the accuracy levels that can be achieved by Plasma Arc Machining. List the process variables which affect the MRR in Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM). 2. a) Explain the importance of Unconventional Machining Processes. Discuss the classification of Unconventional Machining Processes. 3. a) What are the advantages of Electro Chemical Machining process? What are the tool design aspects in Electro Chemical Machining process? 4. a) Explain the operating principle of circuits in Electro Discharge Machining. Explain the working of Resistance Capacitance relaxation circuit. 5. a) Explain the equipments used in Electron Beam Machining (EBM) process. Draw and label the parts of the Laser Beam Machine. 6. a) Explain the principle and operation of Plasma Arc Machining. Discuss the metal removal mechanism in Plasma Arc Machining. 7. a) Explain the working of an Abrasive Jet Machine with the help of a neat sketch. Discuss the different variables which control the abrasive flow finishing process?

14 Code No: RT41034 Set No. 2 UNCONVENTIONAL MACHINING PROCESSES (Mechanical Engineering) 1. a) Draw a graph showing the relation between MRR and Power consumption. Write the functions of an electrolyte. c) Write short notes on grinding by EDM process. Draw a figure. d) List few applications of Electron Beam Machining process? e) Explain briefly about the metal removal mechanism in Plasma Arc Machining. Define the term Mixing ratio. 2. a) Explain the types of energy sources used in Unconventional Machining Processes. Write about any four UCMP processes. 3. a) Discuss the classification of Electro Chemical Machining process. Draw a neat sketch of Electro Chemical Machining process scheme and explain. 4. a) Describe with a neat sketch the working of a Wire EDM. Explain the metal removing mechanism in Electro Discharge Machining process. 5. a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the Electron Beam Machining process. With the help of a neat diagram explain the working of a Laser Beam Machine. 6. a) Explain the Plasma Arc Machining (PAM) process with a neat sketch. Discuss the surface finish and tolerances obtained in PAM. 7. a) Discuss the major process variables that affect the MRR in Abrasive Jet Machining. What is Abrasive flow finishing process? Explain with a neat sketch.

15 Code No: RT41034 Set No. 3 UNCONVENTIONAL MACHINING PROCESSES (Mechanical Engineering) 1. a) Explain the principle used in Ultra Sonic Machining(USM) process? Explain briefly the Electro Chemical deburring with a figure. c) Write the different types of power supply circuits used in Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) process. d) Explain a) Solid state laser and Gas laser. e) Draw the schematic set up of Plasma Arc Machining process. Write briefly about Electro stream drilling. 2. a) Write the advantages and disadvantages of USM process Explain the various parameters influencing the MRR in USM process. 3. a) How is the MRR determined in the Electro Chemical machining process? Explain the process Electro Chemical Honing, with a neat sketch. 4. a) Explain the selection of different types of electrode materials in EDM process. Discuss the factors to be considered in the selection of di-electric fluid used in EDM. 5. a) Explain the production of Laser beam. Differentiate between the EBM and LBM processes. 6. a) Explain non-transferred and transferred modes of Plasma arc. Explain with a figure about the Plasma arc torch. 7. a) Explain water jet machining (WJM) system. List the advantages and disadvantages of WJM system.

16 Code No: RT41034 Set No. 4 UNCONVENTIONAL MACHINING PROCESSES (Mechanical Engineering) 1. a) Draw the graph showing the effect of slurry viscosity and MRR, in Ultra Sonic Machining (USM). Write a short note on the types of reactions in Electro Chemical Machining (ECM). c) List the factors which govern the MRR in Electro Discharge Machining (EDM). d) What are the advantages of Laser Beam Machining (LBM)? e) What is meant by Fourth state of matter in Plasma Arc Machining (PAM)? Write short notes on abrasives used in Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM). 2. a) Explain USM with a neat diagram. Explain Magnetostrictive transducer. 3. a) Explain the process of metal removal in Electro Chemical Grinding. List the advantages and disadvantages of ECM process. 4. a) Discuss the applications of Wire EDM process. Explain the working of a R-L-C Circuit used in EDM. 5. a) Explain the principle of Electron Beam Machining. Draw and label the parts of an EBM machine. What is meant by Doping of LASER? List the doping materials with their advantages. 6. a) Explain the principle of PAM. Discuss the application of plasma for machining. What are the advantages of using a) Dual gas and water injected plasma torch? 7. a) Explain the Abrasive Flow Finishing process. Distinguish between abrasive flow finishing and Magnetic abrasive finishing process.

17 Code No: RT41043 Set No. 1 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering) 1. a) c) d) e) Define neighbors of a pixel. Write short notes on selective filtering. Write the difference between image restoration and image enhancement. What is the advantage of color in image processing applications? What is meant by digital image water marking? What is meant by image segmentation? Write its use in image processing. 2. a) Explain the following mathematical operations on digital images i) Array versus Matrix operations ii) Linear versus Nonlinear Operations Explain the following two properties of 2D-DFT: i) Convolution ii) Correlation 3. a) What is meant by histogram specification? Explain. Explain image smoothing using ideal lowpass filters and Butterworth lowpass filters. 4. a) What are the advantages of adaptive filters? Explain about adaptive median filter. Explain about image restoration using inverse filtering. Write the draw backs of this method. 5. a) What is Pseudocolor image processing? Explain. Explain about color image smoothing. 6. a) Explain two-band subband coding and decoding system. With an example, explain about run-length coding. 7. a) What is Hit-or-Miss transformation? Explain. Explain about edge detection using gradient operator.

18 Code No: RT41043 Set No. 2 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering) 1. a) c) d) e) What is the need for image transform? Explain. What is meant by moiré patterns? Explain. Draw the model of Image degradation/restoration process. What is the significance of color model? Define subband coding? Explain how a point can be detected in an image? 2. a) Explain the various basic relationships between pixels. What is Haar Transform? Write the procedure to determine the Haar transformation matrix. 3. a) 4. a) Explain the following operations: i) Contrast stretching ii) Bit-plane slicing What is notch filter? Explain its use in image processing. List out different noise probability density functions used in image processing applications. With an example, explain how an image can be reconstructed from projections. 5. a) Explain about RGB color model? Explain about histogram processing of color images. 6. a) What are the various requirements for multi-resolution analysis? Explain. Draw the functional block diagram of image compression system and explain the purpose of each block. 7. a) Explain the following morphological algorithms i) Boundary extraction ii) Hole filling What is meant by edge linking? Explain edge linking using local processing.

19 Code No: RT41043 Set No. 3 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering) 1. a) c) d) e) What is meant by isopreference curves? Explain. What is log transformation? How it is useful in image processing? Explain about alpha-trimmed mean filter? What is meant by pixel depth? Explain. What is image compression? Why it is needed? Explain. Explain the effect of noise on edge detection. 2. a) What are the various fundamental steps in digital image processing? Explain. Find the Haar transformation matrix for N = a) Explain image sharpening using laplacian operator. With necessary equations, explain about Homomorphic filtering. 4. a) Explain how periodic noise can be reduced using frequency domain filtering. What are the different ways to estimate the degradation function? Explain. 5. a) Explain the procedure of converting colors from RGB to HSI. Explain about color image sharpening. 6. a) Discuss about wavelet transform in two dimensions. What is block transform coding? Explain. 7. a) Explain the following morphological algorithms i) Thinning ii) Thickening Explain edge linking using Hough transform.

20 Code No: RT41043 Set No. 4 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering) 1. a) Explain about image acquisition using a circular sensor strip. What are the advantages and disadvantages of local histogram processing when compared to global histogram processing. c) What is meant by image restoration? d) What is the purpose of color model? Explain. e) Write the difference between wavelet transform and Fourier transform. Prove that Erosion and dilation are duals of each other. 2. a) Explain about image sampling and Quantization. Prove that both the 2-D continuous and discrete Fourier transforms are linear operations. 3. a) Explain the concept of Unsharp masking and Highboost filtering. Explain image sharpening using Butterworth highpass and Gaussian highpass filters. 4. a) What are the different types of mean filters used for noise reduction? Explain. Explain about image restoration using minimum mean square error filtering. 5. a) Explain the procedure of converting colors from HSI to RGB. Discuss about noise in color images. 6. a) Compute the Haar transform of the 2 x 2 image 3 1 F 6 2 With an example, explain Huffman coding. 7. a) With necessary figures, explain the opening and closing operations. Discuss about region based segmentation.

21 Code No: RT41053 Set No.1 MOBILE COMPUTING (Common to Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology) 1. a) Explain the role of HLR entity of a GSM network. c) d) e) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of WLAN. Discuss the concept of tunneling and encapsulation. Why standard TCP is not suitable for wireless networks? List out the advantages of data broadcast over point-to-point access. Describe features of MIDP 3.0? 2. a) Show with a diagram the steps involved in a mobile terminated call (a station calling a mobile station) in GSM. Give reasons for a handover in GSM and the problems associated with it. Discuss the typical steps for handover are and what types of handover can occur? 3. a) Compare SDMA, FDMA, TDMA and CDMA. How can we avoid hidden and exposed terminal problems? Explain. 4. a) Discuss in detail about Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Explain mechanism for IP packet delivery using mobile IP concept. 5. a) Explain in detail about push based data delivery mechanisms. Explain the following selective tuning and indexing techniques: i). Directory method ii). Flexible indexing method 6. a) Explain about power aware computing. Explain Query-processing architecture for processing a query using distributed databases? 7. a) Draw the Bluetooth protocol stack and explain the core protocols. Write about J2ME in briefly.

22 Code No: RT41053 Set No. 2 MOBILE COMPUTING (Common to Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology) 1. a) Explain the role of SIM, HLR, and VLR in GSM network. What is the reason for the failure of CSMA/CD in wireless networks? c) Discuss the design goals of Mobile IP. d) What are the advantages and disadvantages of push based mechanism. e) What are the QoS issues? How is MIDP defined from J2ME? 2. Explain about GPRS system in detail. 3. a) Explain classical Aloha and slotted Aloha with a neat sketch. Explain about CDMA. 4. a) Explain in detail about IP-in-IP encapsulation. Describe the process of optimization in mobile IP with a suitable timeline diagram. 5. a) Explain the concept of cache invalidation mechanisms. Explain in detail about context aware computing. Explain selective tuning and indexing techniques. 7. a) Write short notes on WAE. Explain in detail AODV routing algorithm for MANETS. 6.

23 Code No: RT41053 Set No. 3 MOBILE COMPUTING (Common to Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology) 1. a) Give reasons for a handover in GSM and the problems associated with it. Describe several versions in CSMA. c) d) e) What is basic purpose of DHCP? Name the entities of DHCP. How and why does I-TCP isolate problems on the wireless link? What are the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid mechanism? Describe the applications of MANETs. 2. With neat sketch of GSM architecture, discuss the key features of GSM systems. 3. a) Compare the features of SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA with their advantages and disadvantages. Draw and discuss the protocol architecture of IEEE a) Describe the process of IP Packet delivery with neat sketch. Define care of address (COA) and what are the two different possibilities for the location of COA? [10] [6] 5. a) Explain snooping TCP. What are its advantages and disadvantages? Explain Mobile TCP. How does a supervisory host send TCP packets to the mobile node and to a fixed TCP connection? 6. a) Discuss about communication asymmetry with the help of a diagram. Explain the Hash based and Index based selective tuning and indexing techniques. 7. a) Explain in detail about protocol architecture of WAP. Distinguish the MANETs from cellular mobile networks.

24 Code No: RT41053 Set No. 4 MOBILE COMPUTING (Common to Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology) 1. a) c) d) e) What are the functions of authentication and encryption in GSM? Distinguish between FDMA and TDMA. How can DHCP be used for mobility and support of mobile IP? List advantages of hoarding the data at mobile device. Explain directory method. Describe the properties of MANET. 2. a) Where and when can collisions occur while accessing the GSM system? Compare possible collisions caused by data transmission in standard GSM, HSCSD and GPRS. Explain the applications of mobile computing. 3. a) Explain in detail about IEEE MAC Data frames. Discuss in detail about CDMA. 4. a) How does mobile IP work? What are the challenges with mobile IP with respect to high speed mobility? How does cellular IP solve some of these challenges? Explain the fields of the header in ICMP messages. What are the uses of ICMP messages on the internet? 5. a) Describe transaction oriented TCP. Explain ACID transaction rules that should be maintained by database transactional models to achieve data integrity? 6. a) Explain the functions of pull based mechanisms with a neat sketch. Explain Index-based method. 7. a) Describe Dynamic source routing protocol with an example. Write short notes on Windows CE.

25 Code No: R41023 R10 Set No. 1 IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2016 SWITCH GEAR AND PROTECTION (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) Max. Marks: 75 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1 a) Discuss the concept of re-striking voltage, its causes, its effects and its significance in current interruption. In a 400KV system, the reactance and capacitance of the transmission line up to the fault point is 8Ω and 0.025µF respectively. Determine i) the frequency of oscillations ii) the maximum values of re-striking voltage and RRRV. 2 What are the merits and demerits associated when air is used as an arc quenching media instead of oil? Discuss principle of operation of ABCB with magnetic blowout coil and arc chute. [15] 3 a) Discuss with necessary circuit diagram, the principle of an induction disc relay. What are the merits of induction cup relays over induction disc relays. Explain the principle of operation of IDMT relay. How the directional characteristics are introduced. 4 a) Draw a schematic diagram of a merz-price circulating of protecting an alternator. Explain the operating principle. A3-phase, 20MVA, 11KV, star connected generator is protected by the current balancing system of protection. If the ratio of CT s 1200/5, the minimum operating current of the relay is 0.75A and the neutral earthing resistance is 6Ω, calculate the percentage of each phase of stator winding which is unprotected against earth faults when the machine is operating at normal voltage. 5 a) Explain with a neat circuit diagram, the differential scheme used to protect Y- transformers. A 3-phase transformer having a line voltage ratio of 400/33000V in star-delta connected. The CTs on the 400v side have a ratio of 800/5A. What must be the ratio of CT s on 33000V side? 6 a) Explain the over current protection of feeders. How is the protection system graded with respect to the time of operation of relays for a radial feeder? What is the necessity of bus bar protection? How the bus bar protection scheme is stabilized. 7 a) What are the merits and limitations of static relays? Is it possible to achive various over current relay characteristics in a single static relay? How. 8 Describe the construction and explain the operation of Thyrite type lightning arrestor and explain for what part of the circuit it would be most satisfactory. [15]

26 Code No: R41033 R10 Set No. 1 IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY (Mechanical Engineering) Max. Marks: 75 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1 a) State the expression for hour angle and day length. Estimate the rate at which the sun emits energy. What fraction of this energy is intercepted by the earth and what is the amount intercepted? c) A horizontal stick, 1m long, is fixed at right angles to a vertical south-facing wall (ɣ=00). Calculate the length and direction of the shadow cast by the stick on the wall for the following situation. Location: Jodhpur (26018 N,73001 E) Date : November 5 Time : 0900h (LAT) 2 a) What are the main components of a flat-plate solar collector, explain the function of each. How is the performance of a flat plate solar collector evaluated? 3 a) What is principle collection of solar energy used in a non-convective solar pond? Describe a non-convective solar pond for solar energy collection and storage. Write short notes on: i) Materials for flat plate collector. ii) Solar distributed collector power plant [5] [6] 4 a) What prohibits large scale utilization of wind power for electricity generation? Explain the working of horizontal axis two blade wind mill with suitable diagram. 5 a) State various routes of biomass energy conversion to other form of energy. Compare the fixed dome type plant and movable drum type plant. 6 a) Give a brief note on prospects of geothermal energy in context to India. What do you mean by dry steam, wet steam and hot water geothermal systems? c) What are the applications of geothermal energy? [5] [5] [5] 7 a) What are tidal waves? How can power be produced in single basin tidal system? Write short notes on the following: i) Tidal wave energy ii) Progressive wave. 8 a) How fuel cells is the future option for our energy needs. Justify your answer. How a Photo Voltaic cell works. Explain with suitable diagram. c) What are the advantages of MHD power generator? [5] [5] [5]

27 Code No: R41043 R10 Set No. 1 IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2016 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics & Computer Engineering) Max. Marks: 75 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1 a) Explain the representation of digital image. Write an algorithm to generate haar transformation matrix and hence find the transformation matrix of order 4. 2 a) Define histogram of a digital image. Sketch the histograms of dark, light, low contrast and high contrast images. Explain about Unsharp masking and highboost filtering. 3 a) Discuss about correspondence between filtering in the spatial and frequency domains. What are the various selective filters used in image processing? Explain. 4 a) Define order static filter. What are the various order static filters used in image restoration? Explain image restoration using inverse filtering. Write the advantages and disadvantages of this method. 5 a) Explain the process of converting colors from RGB to HSI. Explain about color image sharpening. 6 a) What is image pyramid? Draw the simple system for creating approximation and prediction residual pyramids. List out the differences between lossy image compression and lossless image compression. 7 a) Define Erosion of two sets and explain with an example. Explain opening and closing operations on gray scale images. 8 a) Explain the detection of isolated points using laplacian mask. Explain image segmentation using region splitting and merging.