Afforestation and reforestation baseline and monitoring methodology AR-AM0011. Afforestation and reforestation of land subject to polyculture farming

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1 Afforesaion and reforesaion baseline and monioring mehodology AR-AM0011 Afforesaion and reforesaion of land subjec o polyculure farming (Version 01) 1. Source I. SOURE, DEFINITIONS AND APPLIABILITY This mehodology is based on elemens from he following: AR-NM0036 Rubber ougrowing and carbon sequesraion in Ghana (ROS- Ghana) and draf DM-AR-PoA-DD Rubber ougrowing and carbon sequesraion in Ghana (ROS-Ghana), prepared by ONF-Inernaional for he Governmen of Ghana, Minisry of Food and Agriculure, Ghana Rubber Esae Ld (GREL) and he Rubber Ougrowers and Agens Associaion of Ghana (ROAA), wih suppor from Agence française du développemen (AFD) and KFW. For more informaion regarding he source mehodologies and heir consideraion by he DM Execuive Board (he Board) please refer o <hp://cdm.unfccc.in/goo/arappmeh>. This mehodology refers o he laes approved versions of he following procedures, ools, guidances and guidelines: Procedures o demonsrae he eligibiliy of lands for A/R DM projec aciviies; ombined ool o idenify he baseline scenario and demonsrae he addiionaliy in A/R DM projec aciviies; Tool for he idenificaion of degraded or degrading lands for consideraion in implemening DM A/R projec aciviies; Tool for esimaion of emissions from clearing, burning and decay of exising vegeaion due o implemenaion of a A/R DM projec aciviy; Tool for esimaion of he increase in GHG emissions aribuable o displacemen of pre-projec agriculural aciviies in A/R DM projec aciviy; alculaion of he number of sample plos for measuremens wihin A/R DM projec aciviies; Guidance on he applicaion of he definiion of projec boundary o A/R DM projec aciviies; Guidelines on condiions under which increase in GHG emissions relaed o displacemen of pre-projec crop culivaion aciviies in A/R DM projec aciviy is insignifican; Guidelines on conservaive choice and applicaion of defaul daa in esimaion of he ne anhropogenic GHG removals by sinks. 1/25

2 All he above-menioned procedures, ools, guidances and guidelines are available a: <hp://cdm.unfccc.in/reference/procedures/index.hml>, <hp://cdm.unfccc.in/reference/ools> and <hp://cdm.unfccc.in/reference/guidclarif/ar/index_guid.hml>. 2. Seleced Baseline Approach from Paragraph 22 of he A/R DM Modaliies and Procedures hanges in carbon socks in he pools wihin he projec boundary from he mos likely land use a he ime he projec sars 3. Definiions For he purpose of his mehodology: Polyculure is an agriculure sysem ha includes muliple crops, possibly including ree crops, alernaively culivaed over he same area of land. I includes crop roaion, muli-cropping, inercropping, companion planing among oher similar pracices. Fallow periods may occur beween some crops. rops and fallow period combine ino a producion cycle which is repeaed over ime; A parcel is he discree and coninuous area of land planed in a single year wihin a farm as par of he A/R DM projec aciviy. Parcels are muually exclusive and collecively exhausive wihin he boundary of he afforesaion and reforesaion DM projec aciviy. Parcel 2 (planed in 2008) Parcel 1 (planed in 2008) Parcel 3 (planed in 2009) Farm A Farm B Parcel 4 (planed in 2009) 4. Applicabiliy Figure 1: Illusraion of he subdivision of he projec area ino parcels This mehodology is applicable o afforesaion and reforesaion DM projec aciviies ha are implemened on areas of land ha conain polyculure, possibly including perennial ree crops and/or fallow periods wih woody regrowh. 2/25

3 The condiions under which he mehodology is applicable are: (a) The projec aciviy is no implemened on: (i) (ii) Grasslands; and Organic soils. (b) (c) (d) (e) The projec aciviy is implemened on parcels subjeced o polyculures in which he fallow par of he cycle is compleed and all he exising vegeaion presen on he parcels is expeced o be cleared as he firs par of a nex producion cycle; A polyculure implemened in he pre-projec condiions is expeced o be coninued in he absence of he projec; Abandonmen of farmland in a way ha leads o he esablishmen of foress according o he naional definiion of fores for DM purposes is no expeced o occur; Flooding irrigaion is no applied in he projec aciviy. 1. Projec boundary and eligibiliy of land II. BASELINE METHODOLOGY DESRIPTION The projec boundary geographically delineaes he afforesaion or reforesaion projec aciviy under he conrol of he projec paricipans (PPs). The A/R DM projec aciviy may conain many parcels. Each parcel shall have a unique geographical idenificaion. I shall be demonsraed ha each discree area of land o be included in he boundary is eligible for an A/R DM projec aciviy. The PPs shall apply he laes version of Procedures o demonsrae he eligibiliy of lands for A/R DM projec aciviies as approved by he Board. The laes version of Guidance on he applicaion of he definiion of projec boundary o A/R DM projec aciviies may be applied in idenificaion of areas of land planned for an A/R DM projec aciviy. The carbon pools included in or excluded from he projec boundary are shown in Table 1. 3/25

4 Table 1: Seleced carbon pools arbon pools Seleced (Yes or No) Jusificaion / Explanaion of choice Above-ground biomass Yes Major carbon pool subjeced o he projec aciviy Below-ground biomass Yes Below-ground biomass sock is expeced o increase due o he implemenaion of he A/R DM projec aciviy Dead wood No The exclusion is conservaive because dead wood producion under he projec scenario (ree crops) is higher han under he baseline scenario Lier No The exclusion is conservaive because lier producion under he projec scenario (ree crops) is higher han under he baseline scenario Soil organic carbon (SO) No The exclusion is conservaive because soil organic carbon increases more or decreases less under he projec scenario han under he baseline scenario. This is because he projec scenario involves long erm coninuous vegeaion cover on he soil, whereas he baseline scenario involves repeaed soil disurbance (e.g. plowing) The emissions sources included in or excluded from he projec boundary are shown in Table 2 below. Table 2: Emissions sources included in he projec boundary Sources Burning of woody biomass Gas O 2 H 4 N 2 O Included/ excluded Included Included Excluded Jusificaion/Explanaion of choice Burning of woody biomass may occur as a par of he fores managemen pracices wihin he projec aciviy 2. Idenificaion of he baseline scenario and demonsraion of addiionaliy PPs shall use he mos recen version of he ombined ool o idenify he baseline scenario and demonsrae addiionaliy in A/R DM projec aciviies. I is assumed ha applicaion of he ombined ool o idenify he baseline scenario and demonsrae addiionaliy in A/R DM projec aciviies confirms ha he coninuaion of he polyculure allowed by he applicabiliy condiions is he baseline scenario over he planned projec area. I means ha in he absence of he projec aciviy each parcel wihin he projec boundary would be subjeced o he same agriculural pracices as were applied in he pre-projec condiions. 3. Sraificaion If he planned projec aciviy area is no homogeneous, sraificaion should be carried ou o improve he accuracy and precision of biomass esimaes. Differen sraificaions may be required for he baseline and projec scenarios in order o achieve opimal accuracy of he esimaes of ne GHG removal by sinks: 4/25

5 For baseline ne GHG removals by sinks. I will be sufficien o sraify according o area of major polyculures; For acual ne GHG removals by sinks. The ex ane esimaions shall be based on he projec planing/managemen plan. The ex pos sraificaion shall be based on he acual implemenaion of he projec managemen plan. The ex pos sraificaion may be affeced by naural or anhropogenic impacs if hey are able o add variabiliy o growh paern in he projec area, e.g. local fires (see Secion III.2). Furher subdivision of he projec sraa o represen spaial variaion in he disribuion of baseline or projec biomass socks/removals is no usually warraned. However, facors impacing growh (e.g. soil ype) migh be useful for ex pos sraificaion if heir variabiliy in he projec area is large. Ex pos adjusmens of he sraa may be needed if unexpeced disurbances occur during he crediing period (e.g. due o fire, pess or disease oubreaks), severely affecing differen pars of an originally homogeneous sraum or sand, or when fores managemen operaions (i.e. planing, hinning harvesing, replaning, ec.) occur a differen inensiies, daes and spaial locaions han originally planned. In such a siuaion he projec area affeced by he disurbance and/or variaion in fores managemen operaions may be delineaed as a separae sraum for he purpose of ex pos monioring. Noe: In he equaions used in his mehodology, he leer i is used o represen a sraum and he leer n sraa is used for he oal number of sraa, wheher for he baseline or for he projec scenario, wheher for ex ane or for ex pos esimaions, depending on he conex. 4. Baseline Ne GHG Removals by Sinks In his mehodology he baseline is deermined ex ane and remains fixed during he subsequen crediing period hence, he baseline is no moniored. The following conservaive defaul approach is applied: The baseline ne GHG removals by sinks is esimaed separaely for each of he wo ypes of polyculure described below. (a) Polyculure locaed on degraded/degrading land; If he applicaion of he mos recen version of he Tool for he idenificaion of degraded or degrading lands for consideraion in implemening DM A/R projec aciviies leads o a conclusion ha a polyculure is locaed on area of land ha is degraded or degrading hen he sum of carbon socks in he carbon pools (a he projec, individual sraum, or parcel level, as applicable) is expeced o decrease and he baseline ne GHG removals by sinks may be conservaively accouned as zero (a he level of area of he projec, individual sraum, or parcel, as applicable). (b) Oher polyculures. If he applicaion of he mos recen version of he Tool for he idenificaion of degraded or degrading lands for consideraion in implemening DM A/R projec aciviies does no allow for a conclusion ha a polyculure is locaed on area of land ha is degraded or degrading hen he polyculure is classified as oher polyculure. For all areas of land wihin he projec boundary ha conain oher polyculures he baseline ne GHG removals by sinks shall be accouned a he projec, individual sraum, or parcel level, as applicable. 5/25

6 Under he applicabiliy condiions of his mehodology he pre-projec aciviies are expeced o be coninued in he absence of he projec hence, he change in he sum of carbon socks in he carbon pools in he absence of he projec (a he level of area of he projec, individual sraum, or parcel, as applicable) is expeced o resul only from accumulaion of biomass during he crop-fallow cycle which is cleared in he end of a cycle in order o iniiae he nex one. Therefore, he changes are limied in size and may be conservaively approximaed (a he projec, individual sraum, or parcel level, as applicable) by means of he following defaul approach (idenical for ex ane and ex pos calculaions): K 44 Δ baseline, = * Δd 12 k= 1 baseline, k, (1) and Δd Δd baseline, k, baseline, k, = A Δd for 0 < k = 0 for > cycle cycle (2) Δ Defaul baseline ne GHG removals by sinks for all areas of land ha conain baseline, oher polyculures (as classified above) in year ; O 2 -e yr -1 Δ d Defaul average annual change in carbon socks in he carbon pools for area of baseline, k, land (i.e. he individual sraum, or parcel level, as applicable) k, in year ; yr -1 A k Area of land k ha conains he oher polyculures wihin boundary of he projec; ha Δ d Defaul annual increase in carbon socks in he oher polyculures ; ha -1 yr -1 cycle K The defaul values of Duraion of he ypical crop-fallow cycle, or, defaul duraion of a crop-fallow cycle - 10 years (defaul or projec specific daa may be used as preferred by PPs); yr 1, 2, 3, K index for area of land k ha conains he oher polyculures wihin he boundary of he projec Δ d are calculaed as follows: Δd 1 Vmax F = 2 cycle (3a) Δ d Defaul annual increase in carbon socks in he oher polyculures ; ha -1 yr -1 1 oefficien reflecing he fac ha he long erm average biomass is equal o 2 1 V max (conservaively assuming a linear growh) 2 V max Defaul maximal above-ground biomass conen during a crop-fallow cycle; d.m. ha -1 6/25

7 F IP defaul value for he carbon fracion of biomass; 0.5 ( d.m.) -1 cycle Duraion of he ypical crop-fallow cycle, or, defaul duraion of a crop-fallow cycle - 10 years (defaul or projec specific daa may be applied as preferred by PPs); yr The defaul maximal above-ground biomass conen during a crop-fallow cycle is conservaively assumed o be equal o 10% of he above-ground biomass conen in fores V fores which shall be read from Table 3A.1.4 provided in he IP GPG-LULUF 2003 ha is: V = 0. 1 max V fores (3b) V max Defaul maximal above-ground biomass conen during a crop-fallow cycle; d.m. ha -1 V Defaul above-ground biomass conen in fores ; m 3 ha -1 fores Baseline ne GHG removals by sinks are no moniored ex pos. 5. Acual ne GHG removals by sinks The acual ne GHG removals by sinks shall be esimaed using he equaions in his secion. When applying hese equaions for he ex ane calculaion of ne anhropogenic GHG removals by sinks, PPs shall provide esimaes of he values of hose parameers ha are no available before he sar of he crediing period and commencemen of monioring aciviies. PPs should reain a conservaive approach in making hese esimaes. Δ ATUAL = Δ P GHG E (4) Δ ATUAL Acual ne greenhouse gas removals by sinks; O 2 -e Δ P GHGE Sum of changes in he socks in all seleced carbon pools and he loss of exising (pre-projec) woody non-ree biomass due o sie-preparaion and/or compeiion from fores rees (or oher vegeaion) planed as par of he A/R DM projec aciviy in he projec scenario; O 2 -e Increase in non-o 2 GHG emissions as a resul of he implemenaion of he proposed A/R DM projec aciviy wihin he projec boundary; O 2 -e Noe: In his mehodology equaion 4 is used o esimae acual ne GHG removals by sinks for he period of ime elapsed beween projec sar ( = 1) and he year = *, * being he year for which acual ne GHG removals by sinks are esimaed. The sock change mehod should be used o deermine annual or periodical values. 7/25

8 5.1 Esimaion of changes in he carbon socks The verifiable changes in he carbon sock in above-ground biomass and below-ground biomass wihin he projec boundary are esimaed using he following approach: 1 * 44 Δ P = Δ * 1year (5) 12 Δ P Δ T = 1 Sum of he changes in sock in all seleced carbon pools and he loss of exising (pre-projec) woody non-ree biomass due o sie-preparaion and/or compeiion from rees (or oher vegeaion) planed as par of he A/R DM projec aciviy in he projec scenario; O 2 -e Annual change in carbon sock in all seleced carbon pools for year, excluding loss of exising (pre-projec) biomass due o sie-preparaion (including burning), and/or compeiion from rees (or oher vegeaion) planed as par of he A/R DM projec aciviy; yr 1 1, 2, 3, * years elapsed since he sar of he A/R projec aciviy; yr 44/12 Raio of molecular weighs of O 2 and carbon; O 2 -e ( ) -1 Δ shall be esimaed using he following equaion: Δ = M PS i= 1 ( Δ,, + Δ,, ) (6) AG i BG i Annual change in carbon sock in all seleced carbon pools for year, excluding loss of exising (pre-projec) biomass due o sie-preparaion (including burning), and/or compeiion from rees (or oher vegeaion) planed as par of he A/R DM projec aciviy); yr 1 Δ AG, i, Annual change in carbon sock in above-ground biomass of rees for sraum (possibly average over a monioring period); yr -1 Δ BG, i, Annual change in carbon sock in below-ground biomass of rees for sraum (possibly average over a monioring period); yr -1 I 1, 2, 3, M PS sraa in he projec scenario 1, 2, 3, * years elapsed since he sar of he A/R DM projec aciviy hanges in he carbon pools ha are conservaively excluded from accouning shall be se equal o zero. 1 IP GPG-LULUF 2003, Equaion /25

9 5.1.1 hanges in Sock in Tree Biomass The mean carbon sock in above-ground and below-ground biomass per uni area is esimaed on he basis of field measuremens in permanen sample plos. Two mehods are available: he Biomass Expansion Facors (BEF) mehod and he Allomeric Equaions mehod. BEF mehod Sep 1: For ex ane esimaion, sem volume may be esimaed from exising daa such as volume ables and yield ables. For ex pos esimaion, field measuremen of diameer a breas heigh (DBH) or girh (G) a a defined heigh, and possibly heigh (H), of all rees (or all he rees above some minimum G or DBH) in he permanen sample plo should be aken. The sem volume of hese rees should hen be esimaed by insering he measuremens ino appropriae equaions or yield ables (if locally derived equaions or yield ables are no available use relevan regional, naional or defaul daa as appropriae). In ex pos siuaion, i is also possible o esimae volume by use of field insrumens (e.g. a relascope) ha measure he volume of each ree direcly. Sep 2: hoose BEF, and roo-shoo raio (R) - see Secion II.8 for guidance on source of daa. If relevan informaion is available he BEF and R should be correced for age. Sep 3: onver he sem volume of rees ino carbon sock in above-ground biomass via basic wood densiy, he BEF and he carbon fracion: AB _ ree, l, = Vl, D j BEF2, j Fj (7) AB ree, l, V l arbon sock in above-ground biomass of ree l of species j in plo sp in _ sraum i a ime ; ree -1, Sem volume of ree l of species j in plo sp in sraum i a ime ; m 3 ree -1 D j Basic wood densiy of species j; d.m. m 3 BEF 2,j F j L I J Biomass expansion facor for conversion of sem biomass o above-ground ree biomass for species j; dimensionless arbon fracion of biomass for ree species j; -1 d.m. (IP defaul value = d.m.) Sequence number of rees on plo sp 1, 2, 3, M PS sraa in he projec scenario 1, 2, 3, S PS ree species in he projec scenario 1, 2, 3, * years elapsed since he sar of he A/R DM projec aciviy Sep 4: onver he carbon sock in above-ground biomass o he carbon sock in below-ground biomass via roo-shoo raio, given by: BB _ ree, l, = AB _ ree, l, R j (8) 9/25

10 BB _ ree, l, AB _ ree, l, R j arbon sock in below-ground biomass of ree l of species j in plo sp in sraum i a ime ; ree -1 arbon sock in above-ground biomass of ree l of species j in plo sp in sraum i a ime ; ree -1 Roo-shoo raio appropriae for biomass sock, for species j; dimensionless Sep 5: alculae carbon sock in above-ground and below-ground biomass of all rees presen in plo sp in sraum i a ime (i.e. summaion over all rees l by species j followed by summaion over all species j presen in plo sp) ree, S N PS j, i, ( AB _ ree, l, + BB _ ree, l, j= 1 l= 1 = ) (9) ree, arbon sock in rees on plo sp of sraum i a ime ; AB ree, l, arbon sock in above-ground biomass of ree l of species j in plo sp in _ sraum i a ime ; BB ree, l, N j, i, arbon sock in below-ground biomass of ree l of species j in plo sp in _ sraum i a ime ; Number of rees of species j on plo sp of sraum i a ime l i j Sequence number of rees on plo sp 1, 2, 3, M PS sraa in he projec scenario 1, 2, 3, S PS ree species in he plo sp 1, 2, 3, * years elapsed since he sar of he A/R DM projec aciviy Sep 6: alculae he mean carbon sock in ree biomass for each sraum: ree, = N N i sp i P i sp= 1 ree, (10) ree i, ree, arbon sock in rees in sraum a ime ;, arbon sock in rees on plo sp of sraum i a ime ; N sp i Number of living rees in all sample plos in sraum i N i Number of living rees in sraum i 10/25

11 sp i 1, 2, 3, P i sample plos in sraum i in he projec scenario 1, 2, 3, M PS sraa in he projec scenario 1, 2, 3, * years elapsed since he sar of he A/R DM projec aciviy If insead of monioring he number of living rees in each sraum PPs prefer o monior area of each sraum hen he carbon sock in rees per sraum shall be esimaed using he following equaion: ree, = Ai A sp i P i sp= 1 ree, (11a) ree i, ree, arbon sock in rees in sraum a ime ;, arbon sock in rees on plo sp of sraum i a ime ; A sp i Area of all sample plos in sraum i; ha A i sp i Area of he enire sraum i; ha 1, 2, 3, P i sample plos in sraum i in he projec scenario 1, 2, 3, M PS sraa in he projec scenario 1, 2, 3, * years elapsed since he sar of he A/R DM projec aciviy Area of all sample plos in sraum i is calculaed using he following equaion: A spi = n A i sp (11b) A sp i Area of all sample plos in sraum i; ha n i Sample size for sraum i (calculaed using he ool alculaion of he number of sample plos for measuremens wihin A/R DM projec aciviies ); dimensionless A sp Area of individual sample plo; ha sp i 1, 2, 3, P i sample plos in sraum i in he projec scenario 1, 2, 3, M PS sraa in he projec scenario The area of individual sample plo is esablished following guidance conained in he ool alculaion of he number of sample plos for measuremens wihin A/R DM projec aciviies. Allomeric mehod Sep 1: Deermine on he basis of available daa, e.g. volume ables (ex ane) and measuremens (ex pos) he girh (G) or diameer a breas heigh (DBH, a ypically 1.3 m above-ground level), 11/25

12 and also preferably heigh (H), of all he rees above some minimum G or DBH in he permanen sample plos. Sep 2: Selec or develop an appropriae allomeric equaion (if possible species-specific, or if no from a similar species) - see Secion II.8 for addiional guidance. Sep 3: Esimae carbon sock in above-ground biomass for each individual ree l of species j in he sample plo locaed in sraum i using he seleced or developed allomeric equaion applied o he ree dimensions deermined in Sep 1, and sum he carbon socks in he sample plo: AB_ree, j, = N j,sp l= 1 f ( G,DBH,H )* F j j (12) AB ree, F j i j l arbon sock in above-ground biomass of rees of species j on sample plo sp _ of sraum i a ime ; arbon fracion of dry maer for species or ype j; -1 d.m. f j ( G,DBH,H ) Allomeric equaion for species j linking he girh (G) or diameer a breas heigh (DBH) and possibly heigh (H) o above-ground biomass of living rees; d.m. 1, 2, 3, M PS sraa in he projec scenario 1, 2, 3, S PS ree species in he projec scenario 1, 2, 3, N sp sequence number of individual rees of species j in sample plo sp 1, 2, 3, * years elapsed since he sar of he A/R DM projec aciviy Sep 4: onver he carbon sock in above-ground biomass o he carbon sock in below-ground biomass via roo-shoo raio: BB _ ree, = AB _ ree, R j (13) BB _ ree, AB _ ree, R j arbon sock in below-ground biomass of rees of species j in plo sp in sraum i a ime ; arbon sock in above-ground biomass of rees of species j in plo sp in sraum i a ime ; Roo-shoo raio appropriae for biomass sock, for species j; dimensionless Sep 5: alculae oal carbon sock in he biomass of all rees presen in he sample plo sp in sraum i a ime : S,,, = PS ree i sp j= 1 ( + ) (14) AB _ ree, BB _ ree, 12/25

13 ree, arbon sock in rees on plo sp of sraum i a ime ; AB ree, arbon sock in above-ground biomass of rees of species j in plo sp in _ sraum i a ime ; BB ree, i j arbon sock in below-ground biomass of rees of species j in plo sp in _ sraum i a ime ; 1, 2, 3, M PS sraa in he projec scenario 1, 2, 3, S PS ree species in he plo sp 1, 2, 3, * years elapsed since he sar of he A/R DM projec aciviy Sep 6: alculae he mean carbon sock in ree biomass for each sraum, as per Sep 6 of he BEF mehod. For boh he BEF and he allomeric mehods calculae annual changes in socks: ree, 2 ree, 1 Δ AG, + ΔBG, = (15) T Δ Δ AG, i, BG, i, ree i, T i Annual change in carbon sock in above-ground biomass of rees for sraum i; yr -1 Annual change in carbon sock in below-ground biomass of rees for sraum i; yr -1, arbon sock in rees in sraum a ime ; Number of years beween monioring ime 2 and 1 (T = 2 1 ); yr 1, 2, 3, M PS sraa in he projec scenario 1, 2, 3, * years elapsed since he sar of he A/R DM projec aciviy 5.2 Esimaion of GHG emissions wihin he projec boundary The increase in GHG emissions as a resul of he implemenaion of he proposed A/R DM projec aciviy wihin he projec boundary can be esimaed as: * GHG = (16) E E BiomassBurn, = 1 GHGE E BiomassBurn, Increase in GHG emissions as a resul of he implemenaion of he proposed A/R DM projec aciviy wihin he projec boundary; O 2 -e Non-O 2 emissions due o biomass burning of exising woody vegeaion as par of sie preparaion during he year ; O 2 -e 1, 2, 3, * years elapsed since he sar of he A/R DM projec aciviy 13/25

14 Noe: In his mehodology equaion 16 is used o esimae he increase in GHG emissions for he period of ime elapsed beween projec sar ( =1) and he year = *, * being he year for which acual ne GHG removals by sinks are esimaed. The monioring of emissions by sources is only required if significan; if insignifican, evidence should be provided (e.g. as a relevan par of he monioring of he projec implemenaion) ha he assumpions for he exclusion made in he ex ane assessmen sill hold in he ex pos siuaion Esimaion of non-o 2 emissions due o biomass burning of exising vegeaion as par of he fores managemen If prescribed burning of exising woody vegeaion 2 is included in he fores managemen plan, hen he non-o 2 emissions due o burning of he vegeaion ( ) shall be esimaed using he E BiomassBurn, relevan insrucions provided in he mos recen version of he mehodological ool Tool for esimaion of emissions from clearing, burning and decay of exising vegeaion due o implemenaion of a A/R DM projec aciviy. 6. Leakage Under applicabiliy condiions of his mehodology leakage emissions due o displacemen of preprojec agriculural aciviies in A/R DM projec aciviy occur because in absence of he A/R DM projec aciviy he enire area included in is boundary would be subjeced o agriculural aciviies. In order o esimae he leakage PPs shall apply he mos recen versions of: Guidelines on condiions under which increase in GHG emissions relaed o displacemen of pre-projec crop culivaion aciviies in A/R DM projec aciviy is insignifican; and A/R Mehodological Tool: Esimaion of he increase in GHG emissions aribuable o displacemen of pre-projec agriculural aciviies in A/R DM projec aciviy. Leakage emissions shall be esimaed as follows: LK = * = 1 LK Agric, (17) LK Toal GHG emissions due o leakage; O 2 -e LK Leakage due o he displacemen of agriculural aciviies in year (calculaed Agric, using he A/R mehodological ool: Esimaion of he increase in GHG emissions aribuable o displacemen of pre-projec agriculural aciviies in A/R DM projec aciviy ); O 2 -e 1, 2, 3, * years elapsed since he sar of he A/R projec aciviy; yr Noe: In his mehodology he equaion above is used o esimae leakage for he period of ime elapsed beween projec sar ( =1) and he year = *, * being he year for which acual ne greenhouse gas removals by sinks are esimaed. 2 GHG emissions from burning of herbaceous vegeaion as per para 35, EB 42 guidance is negleced. 14/25

15 7. Ne Anhropogenic GHG Removals by Sinks The ne anhropogenic GHG removals by sinks is he acual ne GHG removals by sinks minus he baseline ne GHG removals by sinks minus leakage, herefore, he following general formula can be used o calculae he ne anhropogenic GHG removals by sinks of an A/R DM projec aciviy ( AR-DM ), in O 2 -e. AR AR DM = ΔATUAL ΔBSL LK (18) Ne anhropogenic greenhouse gas removals by sinks; O 2 -e DM Δ ATUAL Acual ne greenhouse gas removals by sinks; O 2 -e Δ BSL Baseline ne greenhouse gas removals by sinks; O 2 -e LK Toal GHG emissions due o leakage; O 2 -e 7.1 alculaion of ERs and lers To esimae he ERs ha can be issued a ime * = 2 (he dae of verificaion) for he monioring period T = 2 1, his mehodology uses he mos recen version of he equaions approved by he Board, 3 which produces he same esimaes as he following: ERs = AR DM, 2 (19) lers = AR (20) DM, 2 AR DM, 1 ERs Number of unis of emporary erified Emission Reducions lers Number of unis of long-erm erified Emission Reducions Ne anhropogenic GHG removals by sinks, as esimaed for * = 2 ; O 2- e AR DM, 2 Ne anhropogenic GHG removals by sinks, as esimaed for * = 1 ; O 2- e AR DM, 1 3 See <hp://cdm.unfccc.in/reference/guidclarif/>. 15/25

16 8. Daa and parameers no moniored (defaul or possibly measured one ime) In addiion o he parameers lised in he ables below, he provisions on daa and parameers no moniored in he ools referred o in his mehodology apply. Daa / Parameer: F j Daa uni: (-d.m.) -1 Used in equaions: 7, 12 Descripion: arbon fracion of dry maer for species of ype j Source of daa: The source of daa shall be any of he following: (a) Naional fores invenory (species-specific invenory - if available or group of species-specific - e.g. from naional GHG invenory); (b) Species-specific or group of species-specific invenory of neighbouring counries wih similar condiions; (c) Globally applicable sources or defaul values, preferably speciesspecific (e.g. IP GPG-LULUF 2003); (d) The defaul value of 0.5 (-d.m.) -1 may be used Measuremen N/A Any commen: Daa / Parameer: V fores Daa uni: m 3 ha -1 Used in equaions: 3b Descripion: Defaul above-ground biomass conen in fores Source of daa: Shall be read from Table 3A.1.4 provided in he IP GPG-LULUF 2003 Measuremen N/A procedures (if any): Any commen: Daa / Parameer: BEF 2, j Daa uni: Dimensionless Used in equaions: 7 Descripion: Biomass expansion facor for conversion of sem biomass o above-ground ree biomass for ree species j Source of daa: The source of daa shall be any of he following: (a) Exising local and species-specific or group of species-specific daa; (b) Naional fores invenory, preferably species-specific or group of species-specific (e.g. from naional GHG invenory); (c) Species-specific or group of species-specific daa from neighbouring counries wih similar condiions; (d) Globally species-specific or group of species-specific daa (e.g. IP GPG-LULUF 2003) Measuremen N/A Any commen: BEFs in IP lieraure and naional invenory are usually applicable o closed canopy fores. If applied o individual rees growing in open field i is recommended ha he seleced BEF be increased by a furher 30% o be conservaive 16/25

17 Daa / Parameer: D j Daa uni: d.m. m -3 Used in equaions: 7 Descripion: Basic wood densiy for species j Source of daa: The source of daa shall be any of he following: (a) Naional fores invenory (species-specific invenory - if available or group of species-specific - e.g. from naional GHG invenory); (b) Species-specific or group of species-specific invenory of neighbouring counries wih similar condiions; (c) Globally applicable sources or defaul values, preferably speciesspecific (e.g. IP GPG-LULUF 2003) Measuremen N/A Any commen: Daa / Parameer: R j Daa uni: kg d.m. (kg d.m. ) -1 Used in equaions: 8, 13 Descripion: Roo-shoo raio appropriae for biomass sock, for species j Source of daa: The source of daa shall be any of he following: (a) Naional and species-specific or group of species-specific (e.g. from naional GHG invenory); (b) Species-specific or group of species-specific from neighbouring counries wih similar condiions; (c) Species-specific or group of species-specific from global sudies Measuremen N/A Any commen: onservaive choice of defaul values: 1. If in he sources of daa menioned above, defaul daa are available for condiions ha are similar o he projec (same vegeaion genus, same climae zone, similar fores ype), hen mean values of defaul daa may be used and are considered conservaive; 2. Global values may be seleced from Table 3A.1.8 of he IP GPG- LULUF 2003, or equivalenly from Table 4.4 of he AFOLU Guidelines (IP 2006), by choosing a climaic zone and species ha mos closely maches he projec circumsances; 3. Alernaively, given ha many daases of roo-shoo raios are relaively small because of he difficuly of deermining his parameer, conservaive selecion of a value from he global sudy by airns e al. (1997) is likely o provide a reliable defaul value. For he purpose of esimaing he projec removals by sinks, use a value abou one sandard deviaion below he mean; i.e kg d.m. (kg-d.m.) -1 17/25

18 Daa / Parameer: f j ( G,DBH,H ) Daa uni: d.m. Used in equaions: 12 Descripion: Allomeric equaion for species j linking he girh (G) and/or diameer a breas heigh (DBH) and possibly heigh (H) o above-ground biomass of living rees Source of daa: Whenever available, use allomeric equaions ha are species-specific or group of species-specific, provided he equaions have been derived using a wide range of diameers and heighs, based on daases ha comprise a leas 20 rees. Oherwise, defaul equaions from IP lieraure, naional invenory repors or published peer-reviewed sudies may be used such as hose provided in Tables 4.A.1 o 4.A.3 of he IP GPG-LULUF 2003 Measuremen N/A Any commen: If defaul allomeric equaions are available for condiions ha are similar o he condiions prevailing in he projec area (same vegeaion genus; same climae zone; similar fores ype), hen he equaion may be used and considered conservaive. Oherwise, i is necessary eiher o use conservaively assessed values, or o verify he applicabiliy of he equaion if mean prediced values are o be used. Allomeric equaion can be verified by: Selecing a leas five rees covering he range of DBH exising in he projec area, and felling and weighing he above-ground biomass o deermine he oal (we) weigh of he sem and branch componens; Exracing and immediaely weighing 4 sub-samples from each of he we sem and branch componens, 5 followed by oven drying a 70º o deermine dry biomass; Deermining he oal dry weigh of each ree from he we weighs and he averaged raios of we and dry weighs of he sem and branch componens. If he biomass of he harvesed rees is wihin abou ±10% of he mean values prediced by he seleced defaul allomeric equaion, and is no biased or if biased, is wrong on he conservaive side (i.e. use of he equaion resuls in an underesimae raher han overesimae of projec ne anhropogenic GHG removals by sinks) hen mean values from he defaul equaion may be used 4 Or, alernaively, seal he sub-samples immediaely in plasic bags of known weigh, and deermine we weighs in he laboraory. 5 Use a leas hree sub-samples for branch maerial, and a leas five sub-samples for sem wood. If cuing slices of sem or branch wood using a chainsaw, ensure cuing does no cause excessive heaing and evaporaion of waer from he wood before he sub-sample is weighed. 18/25

19 Daa / Parameer: cycle Daa uni: years Used in equaions: 2, 3 Descripion: Duraion of he ypical crop-fallow cycle, or, defaul duraion of a cropfallow cycle - 10 years (defaul or projec specific daa may be applied as preferred by PPs) Source of daa: Quesionnaire, lieraure or defaul Measuremen N/A procedures (if any): Any commen: III. MONITORING METHODOLOGY All daa colleced as par of monioring should be archived elecronically and be kep a leas for wo years afer he end of he las crediing period. One hundred percen of he daa should be moniored if no indicaed oherwise in he ables below. All measuremens should be conduced according o relevan sandards. In addiion, he monioring provisions in he ools referred o in his mehodology apply. 1. Monioring of Projec Implemenaion Informaion shall be provided, and recorded in he projec design documen (PDD), o esablish ha: (a) (b) The projec boundary is delineaed for each parcel subjeced o he projec aciviy, ha is, he relevan geographic coordinaes are esablished, recorded and archived. This can be achieved by field survey (e.g. by using GPS), or by using georeferenced spaial daa (e.g. maps, GIS daases, orhorecified aerial phoographs or georeferenced remoe sensing images); ommonly acceped principles of fores invenory and managemen are implemened, ha is, sandard operaing procedures (SOPs) and qualiy conrol/qualiy assurance (QA/Q) procedures for fores invenory, including field daa collecion and daa managemen, shall be applied. Use or adapaion of SOPs already applied in naional fores monioring pracice, or available from published handbooks, or from he IP GPG LULUF 2003, is recommended. 2. Sampling design and sraificaion Sraificaion of he projec area ino relaively homogeneous unis can eiher increase he measuring precision wihou increasing he cos unduly, or reduce he cos wihou reducing measuring precision because of he lower variance wihin each homogeneous uni. PPs should presen in he AR-DM-PDD an ex ane sraificaion of he projec area or jusify he lack of i. The number and boundaries of he sraa defined ex ane may change during he crediing period (ex pos). If age cohors made of parcels planed in he same planing season are easily disinguishable, hey may be grouped in age classes and reaed as separae sraa (or sub-sraa wihin each sraum). Exensive grouping may increase variabiliy and may resul in increased number of sampling plos. 19/25

20 2.1 Updaing of sraa The ex pos sraificaion shall be updaed because of he following reasons: Unexpeced disurbances occurring during he crediing period (e.g. due o fire, pess or disease oubreaks), affecing differenly various pars of an originally homogeneous sraum; Fores managemen operaions (e.g. cleaning, planing, hinning, harvesing, coppicing, re-replaning) ha are implemened in a way ha affecs he exising sraificaion. Esablished sraa may be merged if reasons for heir esablishing have disappeared. 2.2 Sampling framework To deermine he sample size and allocaion among sraa, his mehodology uses he laes version of he ool for he alculaion of he number of sample plos for measuremens wihin A/R DM projec aciviies, approved by he Board. The argeed precision level for biomass esimaion wihin each sraum shall be ±10% of he mean a a 90% confidence level. 3. Daa and parameers moniored The following parameers should be moniored during he projec aciviy. When applying all relevan equaions provided in his mehodology for he ex ane calculaion of ne anhropogenic GHG removals by sinks, PPs shall provide ransparen esimaes for he parameers ha are moniored during he crediing period. These esimaes shall be based on measured or exising published daa where possible. Daa / Parameer: Daa uni: Used in equaions: Descripion: Source of daa: Measuremen Monioring frequency: QA/Q Any commen: A i ha 11a Area of sraum i Monioring of sraa and sand boundaries shall be done preferably using a Geographical Informaion Sysem (GIS) plaform, which allows for inegraing daa from differen sources (including GPS coordinaes and Remoe Sensing daa) alculaed using he GIS daa or measured using mehods used in he fores Invenory applicable a he local level Following he requiremens se in paragraph 32 of he Modaliies and procedures for afforesaion and reforesaion projec aciviies under he clean developmen mechanism in he firs commimen period of he Kyoo Proocol 6 Qualiy conrol/qualiy assurance (QA/Q) procedures for fores invenory including field daa collecion and daa managemen applicable in managemen of foress in he region conaining he projec area Esimaed ex ane. Measured ex pos 6 Decision 5/MP.1., F/KP/MP/2005/8/Add.1, Annex, paragraph 32, page 69, <hp://cdm.unfccc.in/reference/opmop/08a01.pdf#page=69>. 20/25

21 Daa / Parameer: A k Daa uni: ha Used in equaions: 2 Descripion: Area of land k ha conains he oher polyculures wihin boundary of he projec Source of daa: Monioring of areas of land ha conain he oher polyculures is done preferably using a Geographical Informaion Sysem (GIS), which allows for inegraing daa from differen sources (including GPS coordinaes and Remoe Sensing daa), or applying mehods used in he fores invenory applicable in he region conaining he projec area Measuremen alculaed using he GIS daa or measured applying mehods used in he fores invenory applicable in he region conaining he projec area Monioring A he projec sar frequency: QA/Q Qualiy conrol/qualiy assurance (QA/Q) procedures for fores invenory, including field daa collecion and daa managemen, applicable in managemen of foress in he region conaining he projec area Any commen: Esimaed ex ane. Measured ex pos Daa / Parameer: Daa uni: Used in equaions: Descripion: Source of daa: Measuremen Monioring frequency: QA/Q Any commen: Daa / Parameer: Daa uni: Used in following equaions Descripion: Source of daa: A sp ha 11b Area of individual sample plo Field measuremen Depending on shape of sample plo (e.g. circle, square, recangle) he lengh of he radius or he side(s) is measured and he area is calculaed using he relevan formula Following he requiremens se in paragraph 32 of he Modaliies and procedures for afforesaion and reforesaion projec aciviies under he clean developmen mechanism in he firs commimen period of he Kyoo Proocol 7 The lengh of he radius or he side(s), as appropriae, is remeasured for randomly seleced 5% of sample plos esablished each day and any differences beween he measured and remeasured daa are explained and correcive acions (if any) are applied before any more measuremens are aken. The remeasuremens shall be aken afer all measuremens scheduled for a day are compleed in order o reveal a possible decalibraion of insrumens during he day Esimaed ex ane. Measured ex pos DBH cm Implicily used in equaion 12 Diameer a breas heigh of ree Field measuremens in sample plos 7 Ibidem 21/25

22 Measuremen Monioring frequency: QA/Q Any commen: Typically measured 1.3 m above-ground. Measuremen echniques and mehods shall be based on commonly acceped principles of fores invenory Following he requiremens se in paragraph 32 of he Modaliies and procedures for afforesaion and reforesaion projec aciviies under he clean developmen mechanism in he firs commimen period of he Kyoo Proocol 8 The DBH is remeasured for all living rees locaed on randomly seleced 5% of sample plos esablished each day and any differences beween he measured and remeasured daa are explained and correcive acions (if any) are applied before any furher measuremens are aken. The remeasuremens shall be aken afer all measuremens scheduled for a day are compleed in order o reveal a possible decalibraion of insrumens during he day PP may op o measure rees girhs (circumference) insead of diameers, or ake measuremens a heighs oher han breas heigh (130cm) Daa / Parameer: H Daa uni: M Used in equaions: Implicily used in equaion 12 Descripion: Heigh of ree Source of daa: Field measuremens in sample plos Measuremen Measuremen echniques and mehods shall be based on commonly acceped principles of fores invenory Monioring frequency: Following requiremens se in paragraph 32 of he Modaliies and procedures for afforesaion and reforesaion projec aciviies under he clean developmen mechanism in he firs commimen period of he QA/Q Any commen: Kyoo Proocol 9 The heigh is remeasured for all living rees locaed on randomly seleced 5% of sample plos esablished each day and any differences beween he measured and remeasured daa are explained and correcive acions (if any) are applied before any more measuremens are aken. The remeasuremens shall be aken afer all measuremens scheduled for a day are compleed in order o reveal a possible decalibraion of insrumens during he day For ex ane esimaions, mean DBH and H values should be esimaed for ree species j in sraum a ime using a growh model or yield able ha gives he expeced ree dimensions as a funcion of ree age. H need no o be measured if he applied allomeric equaion does no require i as an enry daa Daa / Parameer: N i Daa uni: Tree coun Used in equaions: 10 Descripion: Number of living rees in sraum i Source of daa: Field measuremens in sample plos Measuremen Invenory 8 9 Ibidem Ibidem 22/25

23 Monioring frequency: QA/Q Any commen: Following he requiremens se in paragraph 32 of he Modaliies and procedures for afforesaion and reforesaion projec aciviies under he clean developmen mechanism in he firs commimen period of he Kyoo Proocol 10 Trees are recouned on randomly seleced 5% of sample plos and any differences beween he couned and recouned daa are explained and correcive acions (if any) are applied before any furher couning is done. The recouning shall be done afer all couning scheduled for a day is compleed in order o reveal possible errors during he day Shall be colleced only if A i and A are no used in esimaion of biomass sp i Daa / Parameer: N sp i Daa uni: Tree coun Used in equaions: 10 Descripion: Number of living rees in all sample plos in sraum i Source of daa: Field measuremens in sample plos Measuremen Invenory Monioring frequency: Following he requiremens se in paragraph 32 of he Modaliies and procedures for afforesaion and reforesaion projec aciviies under he clean developmen mechanism in he firs commimen period of he QA/Q Any commen: Kyoo Proocol 11 Trees are recouned on randomly seleced 5% of sample plos and any differences beween he couned and recouned daa are explained and correcive acions (if any) are applied before any furher couning is done. The recouning shall be done afer all couning scheduled for a day is compleed in order o reveal possible errors during he day Daa colleced ogeher wih DBH 4. onservaive Approach and Uncerainies To help reduce uncerainies in he accouning of emissions and removals, his mehodology uses, whenever possible, he proven mehods from he GPG-LULUF, GPG-2000, and he IP s Revised 2006 Guidelines, as well as ools and guidance from he DM Execuive Board on conservaive esimaion of emissions and removals. Despie his, poenial uncerainies sill arise from he choice of parameers o be used. Uncerainies arising from, for example, biomass expansion facors (BEFs) or wood densiy, would resul in uncerainies in he esimaion of boh baseline ne GHG removals by sinks and he acual ne GHG removals by sinks, especially when global defaul values are used. 10 Ibidem 11 Ibidem 23/25

24 I is recommended ha PPs idenify key parameers ha would significanly influence he accuracy of esimaes. Local values ha are specific o he projec circumsances should hen be obained for hese key parameers, whenever possible. These values should be based on: (a) (b) (c) Daa from well-referenced peer-reviewed lieraure or oher well-esablished published sources; 12 or Naional invenory daa or defaul daa from IP lieraure ha has, whenever possible and necessary, been checked for consisency agains available local daa specific o he projec circumsances; or In he absence of he above sources of informaion, exper opinion may be used o assis wih daa selecion. Expers will ofen provide a range of daa, as well as a mos probable value for he daa. The raionale for selecing a paricular daa value should be briefly noed in he DM-AR-PDD. For any daa provided by an exper, he DM-AR-PDD shall also record he exper s name, affiliaion, and principal qualificaion as an exper (e.g. ha he is a member of a counry s naional fores invenory echnical advisory group). A one-page summary V for each exper consuled should be included in an annex. In choosing key parameers or making imporan assumpions based on informaion ha is no specific o he projec circumsances, such as in use of defaul daa, PPs shall follow he mos recen version of he Guidelines on conservaive choice and applicaion of defaul daa in esimaion of he ne anhropogenic GHG removals by sinks. IV. REFERENES AND ANY OTHER INFORMATION 1. References airns M.A., S. Brown, E.H. Helmer and G.A. Baumgardner (1997), Roo biomass allocaion in he world's upland foress. Oecologia 111: ochran, W.G., Sampling Techniques, J.W. Wiley and Sons, New York, 3rd ediion, IP GPG-LULUF 2003: IP Good Pracice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use hange and Foresry, URL: hp:// IP Guidelines for Naional Greenhouse Gas Invenories, URL: <hp:// Typically, ciaions for sources of daa used should include: he repor or paper ile, publisher, page numbers, publicaion dae ec (or a deailed web address). If web-based repors are cied, hardcopies should be included as annexes in he DM-AR-PDD if here is any likelihood such repors may no be permanenly available. 24/25

25 Hisory of he documen Version Dae Naure of revision(s) 01, Annex March 2010 Iniial adopion. Decision lass: Regulaory Documen Type: Sandard Business Funcion: Mehodology 25/25