1. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing due to

Transcription

1 1. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing due to A. Combustion of fossil fuels B. Deforestation C. Increased photosynthesis D. A and B E. A and C F. A, B and C Combustion of fossil fuels Deforestation 0% 0% Increased photosynthesis A and B A and C A, B and C

2 -Combustion releases carbon dioxide -Deforestation reduced the uptake of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.

3 2. The graph is called the A. Gore Graph. B. Keeling Curve. C. Photosynthesis Time-series Curve. D. CO 2 Sequence. Gore Graph. Keeling Curve. Photosynthesis Time-ser... CO2 Sequence.

4 3. The seasonal dips on the previous graph (Keeling Curve of CO 2 ) occur during summer in the hemisphere due to. A. Southern; increased photosynthesis B. Northern; increased photosynthesis C. Southern; lower energy demand D. Northern ; lower energy demand. Southern; increased ph... Northern; increased ph... Southern; lower energy... Northern ; lower energ...

5 Much more of the Earth s landmass is in the Northern Hemisphere. When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere there is less photosynthesis so less uptake of carbon dioxide.

6 4. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas? A. CO 2 B. CH 4 C. Water Vapor D. N 2 E. N 2 O 0% CO2 CH4 Water Vapor N2 N2O

7 5. Which type of radiation do greenhouse gases block? A. Infrared B. Ultraviolet C. Visible D. All of the above Infrared Ultraviolet Visible All of the above

8 6. Which of the following is not a potential effect of a warmer ocean? A. Increased intensity of ocean storms like hurricanes. B. Less ocean productivity. C. Coral reefs dying. D. Ocean conveyor belt will reverse direction. Increased intensity of oce.. Less ocean productivity. Coral reefs dying. Ocean conveyor belt will...

9 7. A component of the environment that stores carbon atoms so that there is less CO 2 in the atmosphere is called a A. Carbon sink B. Carbon cap C. Carbon reservoir D. A and B E. A and C F. A, B and C 0% 0% Carbon sink Carbon cap Carbon reservoir A and B A and C A, B and C

10 8. The oceans serve as a carbon sink by having A. carbon dioxide dissolved in the water B. carbon in organic molecules in the organisms C. calcium carbonate in shells and limestone D. A and B E. B and C F. A, B and C carbon dioxide dissolved.. calcium carbonate in shel.. carbon in organic molecul.. 0% 0% A and B B and C A, B and C

11 9. As the ocean s temperature increases its will store a percentage of the atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions. A. increasing B. decreasing C. set 0% 0% 0% increasing decreasing set

12 As temperature increases, a gas is more likely to come out of solution. This process is why warm soda goes flat faster than cold soda. Note that it is the percentage of atmospheric CO 2 dissolved in the water that would decrease, because with higher levels of CO 2 in the atmosphere more CO 2 dissolves into the water. So increased CO 2 and increased temperatures would still mean the total dissolved CO 2 would increase, but the oceans would be absorbing a smaller percentage of the overall carbon dioxide (less of a carbon sink).

13 10. Dissolved CO 2 in the ocean A. makes the water more acidic B. Lowers the ph C. Increases the ph D. Both A and B E. Both A and C 0% 0% makes the water more ac... B. Lowers the ph C. Increases the ph D. Both A and B E. Both A and C

14 Some of the dissolved carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid.

15 11. Which of the following is a potential effect of increased ocean acidity? A. Bleaching of coral reefs. B. Increased dissolution (dissolving) of carbonate shells. C. Plankton not growing properly. D. All of the above. Bleaching of coral reefs. Increased dissolution (dis... Plankton not growing p... All of the above.

16 12. Which of the following are major sources of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) A. Agriculture B. Combustion engines C. Landfills D. A and B E. B and C F. A, B and C 0% 0% Agriculture Combustion engines Landfills A and B B and C A, B and C

17 Agriculture is the leading source of nitrous oxide, because excess nitrogen in the soil from inorganic nitrogen fertilizers result in the production of N 2 O The high temperatures of combustion engines also results in nitrous oxide emissions.

18 13. Inorganic fertilizer usually result in in the production of what other greenhouse gas? A. Methane due to anaerobic fermentation B. Ozone due to volatile organic compound production C. Carbon dioxide due to high energy demands of production D. Water vapor due to evaporation Methane due to anaerobi... Ozone due to volatile or... Carbon dioxide due to hi.. Water vapor due to eva...

19 There is a high energy demand for producing nitrogen compounds from atmospheric N 2.

20 14. Tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) A. protects the earth from harmful UV radiation B. is a strong greenhouse gas C. has harmful health effects D. both B and C protects the earth from... is a strong greenhouse gas has harmful health effects both B and C

21 Stratospheric ozone protects the Earth from UV radiation. But tropospheric (ground level) ozone is both a strong greenhouse gas and a harmful air pollutant.

22 15. Why is the melting of sea ice and glaciers at the poles accelerating? A. Positive feedback loop between melting of ice and more heat absorbed by earth. B. Moulins are increasing the rate of flow of glaciers into the ocean. C. Positive feedback between the break-up of ice shelves and the flow of glaciers into the ocean. D. All of the above. A. Positive feedback loo... B. Moulins are increasing... C. Positive feedback be... D. All of the above.

23 16. Which of the following is NOT one of the top three sources of anthropogenic methane? A. Landfills B. Oil drilling C. Wetland destruction D. Cattle farms Landfills Oil drilling Wetland destruction Cattle farms

24 Many oil and coal deposits have a cap of natural gas above them. This natural gas may be released when extracting the other fossil fuels. Methane is also produced when certain anaerobic organisms break down organic matter in no/low O 2 environments such as: -the intestines of animals (cellulose broken down) - landfills - wetlands and rice paddies (wetlands are a natural SOURCE of methane because stagnation of water results in low O 2 conditions.)

25 17. When methane is burned, it produces A. CO 2 and nitrous oxide B. Ozone and nitrous oxide C. CO 2 and water vapor D. Ozone and water vapor CO2 and nitrous oxide Ozone and nitrous oxide CO2 and water vapor Ozone and water vapor

26 Methane over time reacts with O 2 in the atmosphere to be broken down into carbon dioxide and water vapor. However these two products are also greenhouse gases. CH 4 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O

27 18. Which of these is true of soot (black carbon)? A. It creates a cooling effect on Earth because it blocks sunlight from reaching Earth s surface. B. Ice melts faster when coated by soot. C. A main source is the burning of biomass. D. A, B and C. E. B and C. Ice melts faster when co... It creates a cooling effect... 0% A main source is the bur... A, B and C. B and C.

28 Ice and snow are normally very reflective surfaces. But when they are coated with soot they absorb more light. Soot is formed from the incomplete combustion of organic matter (fossil fuels or biomass). Many developing regions use biomass (such as wood or dung) as a source of energy for cooking and heating. Diesel fuel is a major source of soot from developed nations.

29 19. Which of the following areas will be the least affected by sea level rise? A. Bangladesh B. Maldives C. Seattle D. Florida Bangladesh Maldives Seattle Florida

30 20. What might also cause sea level to rise besides melting of continental ice? A. Accelerated erosion of coastlines as climate warms. B. Thermal expansion of the ocean as it warms. C. Decrease in sediment runoff from rivers as rivers dry up. D. Increased ocean floor volcanic activity. Accelerated erosion of co... Thermal expansion of th... Decrease in sediment runo.. Increased ocean floor vo...

31 Water becomes less dense as it is heated. It expands.

32 21. Which of the following is not a potential effect of climate change? A. Increased droughts in certain parts of the world B. Increased pests and diseases. C. Loss of biodiversity. D. Increase in ocean ph. Increased droughts in cer... Increased pests and disea... Loss of biodiversity. Increase in ocean ph.

33 22. Why might global warming cause more methane to be released into the atmosphere? A. Thawing of permafrost will release methane. B. Warmer oceans will release dissolved methane. C. Warmer temperatures cause cattle metabolic rates to accelerate. D. Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) in location previously inaccessible Thawing of permafrost wi.. Warmer oceans will relea.. Warmer temperatures c... Fracking (hydraulic fract...

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35 23. Which of these is NOT a positive feedback loop that leads to more warming? A. Warmer temperatures lead to decreased ocean productivity. B. Melting of sea ice leads darker surfaces and more radiation absorbed by Earth. C. Warming leads to melting of permafrost. D. More CO 2 in atmosphere leads to more CO 2 absorbed by the ocean. Warmer temperatures le.. Melting of sea ice leads d... Warming leads to meltin... More CO2 in atmosphere...

36 24. Which of the following is not a reason why climate change might cause a loss of biodiversity? A. Decrease in insects cause insecteating birds to go extinct. B. Shifting of habitats to higher latitudes and altitudes. C. Inability for species to adapt to a rapidly changing climate. D. Increased ocean acidity endangers the ocean food chain. Decrease in insects cause... Shifting of habitats to hi... Inability for species to a... Increased ocean acidity...

37 25. When did the Kyoto Protocol meeting take place? A B C D

38 26. How did the Kyoto Protocol aim to reduce CO 2 emissions? A. By requiring each developed nation to reduce emissions by 35%. B. By requiring each developed nation to reduce emissions to pre-1990 levels. C. By requiring developed nations to give aid to developing nations to help them reduce CO 2 emissions. D. By requiring all nations to develop a voluntary emissions reduction plan. By requiring each devel... By requiring each devel... By requiring developed... By requiring all nations..

39 27. Which country s ratification of the treaty finally allowed it to go into effect? A. Russia B. United States C. Australia D. Japan Russia United States Australia Japan

40 28. Which of the following reasons was cited by the US as a reason not to ratify the Kyoto Protocol? A. It would hurt the US economy. B. It wasn t fair that developing nations would not have to reduce emissions. C. Incomplete state of scientific evidence D. All of the above It would hurt the US ec... It wasn t fair that develo... Incomplete state of scient... All of the above

41 29. Which of the following is an example of potential carbon capture technology (carbon sequestration)? A. Pumping CO 2 from the smokestacks of coal plants into the ground. B. Trapping the energy in methane emissions from cattle for use as an energy source. C. Invading countries to capture their oil reserves. Pumping CO2 from the... 0% 0% 0% Trapping the energy in... Invading countries to ca...

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43 30. What is cap and trade? A. Putting a limit on emissions and companies who exceed the limit must buy the right to pollute more from companies who are under the limit. B. Requiring all companies to trade a percentage of their profits for the right to emit CO 2. C. Putting a cap on production of goods from companies who exceed emission limits, creating more trade with other less-polluting countries. D. Trading your school books for a cap and gown at graduation. Putting a limit on emissio.. Requiring all companies t... Putting a cap on product... Trading your school book...

44 31. How is the Copenhagen Accord different from the Kyoto Protocol? A. It is legally binding. B. Both developed and developing nations are required to reduce emissions. C. Developed nations have promised money to developing nations to help deal with climate change. D. All of the above. It is legally binding. Both developed and dev... Developed nations have... All of the above.

45 32. IPCC stands for A. International Policy on Carbon Capture B. Interpretive Programs for Climate Coalitions C. Investing Properly in Carbon Credits D. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change International Policy on... Interpretive Programs for... Investing Properly in Ca... Intergovernmental Panel..

46 33. Melting sea ice has possibly caused which of the following? A. Extinction of the ringed seal. B. More heat being reflected back to space C. Increase in sea levels worldwide D. More extreme winter conditions in North America Extinction of the ringed s... More heat being reflecte... Increase in sea levels wo... More extreme winter con...

47 34. Which of the following is a potential consequence of more rapid and earlier annual snowmelts in the mountains? A. Decreased hydropower B. A longer forest fire season. C. Loss of water supplies for regional inhabitants. D. All of the above Decreased hydropower A longer forest fire season. Loss of water supplies for... All of the above

48 35. If increased evaporation due to global warming results in thicker cumulus clouds that reflect, this would be an example of A. positive feedback B. negative feedback C. synergism D. serendipity positive feedback negative feedback synergism serendipity

49 Effect of clouds on global warming depends on type of clouds. - feedback A negative feedback loop is when the outcome tends to minimize the effect of an input and stabilize the system. Cumulus clouds that reflect light and reduce heating would be a negative feedback loop. Higher, wispy cirrus clouds that aren t very reflective and yet trap heat would be a positive feedback loop.

50 36. If the temperature on Earth changes by 2 C, this is equal to a temperature change of approximately A. 1.2 F B. 2 F C. 2.8 F D. 3.6 F E. 4.8 F 0% 1.2 F 2 F 2.8 F 3.6 F 4.8 F

51 100 C = 180 F 1 C = 1.8 F

52 37. The IPCC panel s most recent report is focused on presenting A. evidence that climate change is happening. B. evidence that climate change is caused by humans. C. options to prevent climate change D. Areas of vulnerability and options for adaptations to climate change evidence that climate ch... evidence that climate c... options to prevent clima.. Areas of vulnerability an...

53 38. The oceans have absorbed over 90 % of the A. anthropogenic atmospheric CO 2. B. methane released from permafrost. C. heat from excess green house gas emissions. D. All of the above. anthropogenic atmosphe... methane released from... heat from excess green h... All of the above.

54 39. Which of the following is responsible for seasons on Earth? A. The oval shape of Earth s orbit B. Earth s tilt C. Earth s period of rotation D. The percentage of land in the Northern Hemisphere. A. The oval shape of Eart... B. Earth s tilt C. Earth s period of rota... D. The percentage of lan...

55 40. Natural climate shifts are due to A. Milankovitch cycles. B. Keeling Fluxes. C. Changes in the moon s orbit. D. Northern hemisphere seasonal changes A. Milankovitch cycles. B. Keeling Fluxes. C. Changes in the moon... D. Northern hemisphere...

56 41. Which of the following will make seasonal changes less extreme? A. Orbit more eccentric (oval) B. Lesser tilt. C. Northern hemisphere tilting towards the sun when earth is closer to the sun D. All of the above A. Orbit more eccentric... B. Lesser tilt. C. Northern hemisphere t... D. All of the above

57 42. The maximum level of CO 2 in the atmosphere prior to the industrial era was A. ~100 ppm B. ~200 ppm C. ~300 ppm D. ~400 ppm A. ~100 ppm B. ~200 ppm C. ~300 ppm D. ~400 ppm

58 43. Pre-industrial temperature and CO 2 have been measured by A. Analyzing gas bubbles in ice cores. B. Measuring thicknesses of annual ice deposits. C. Estimating the effects of natural cycles on earth s atmosphere. D. None of the above. A. Analyzing gas bubbles.. B. Measuring thicknesses.. C. Estimating the effects.. D. None of the above.

59 44. What has probably driven preindustrial cyclic CO 2 variations? A. Large-scale releases of CO 2 through the destabilization of methane hydrates. B. World-wide forest fires and plant extinctions following meteorite impacts. C. Rapid decay of plant matter when Earth is nearer to the Sun than today. D. Less ocean productivity when ocean waters are warmer than today. A. Large-scale releases o... B. World-wide forest fire... C. Rapid decay of plant... D. Less ocean productiv...

60 45. Which of the following is not a potential effect of increased melting of arctic sea ice? A. More radiation will be absorbed by earth. B. Polar bears might find survival difficult. C. Europe will become warmer. D. The ocean will be less salty at the north pole. A. More radiation will b... B. Polar bears might find... C. Europe will become... D. The ocean will be less...

61 46. How much did sea level rise during a warming period 129,000 years ago? A. 0.3 m (~1 ft) B. 3 m (~10 ft) C. 6 m (~20 ft) D. 15 m (~50 ft) A. 0.3 m (~1 ft) B. 3 m (~10 ft) C. 6 m (~20 ft) D. 15 m (~50 ft)

62 47. What is latent heat? A. Excess heat in the atmosphere due to global warming. B. CO 2 -generated heat that appears after a time delay. C. Increased solar energy due to Milankovitch cycles. D. Energy needed to change a substance to a higher state. Excess heat in the atmos... CO2-generated heat that... Increased solar energy d.. Energy needed to change..

63 48. Which of the following is not a reason why world food production might decrease due to global warming? A. Decreased water supplies from the mountains. B. Increased droughts in major crop belts. C. Soil depletion due to increased anaerobic bacteria in the soil. D. Increased pests that eat crops. Decreased water supplie... Increased droughts in ma... Soil depletion due to inc... Increased pests that eat...

64 49. Which of the following is negative feedback for climate change? A. More atmospheric CO 2 leads to more photosynthetic activity in land-based plants B. Warmer oceans lead to less CO 2 uptake by oceans. C. Warmer climate leads to increased melting of permafrost. D. Loss of sea ice leads to increase in arctic oil exploration. More atmospheric CO2 l... Warmer oceans lead to le.. Warmer climate leads to... Loss of sea ice leads to in...

65 50. Why might warmer ocean temperatures lead to more intense storms? A. The ocean expands when warmed and will cause larger storm surges. B. More water will evaporate from the ocean, leading to more energy in the atmosphere. C. Changes in ocean currents will change atmospheric circulation. D. Both A and B. E. All of the above. The ocean expands whe... Changes in ocean curren.. More water will evapora.. 0% Both A and B. All of the above.

66 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. E 8. F 9. B 10.D 11.D 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.E 19.C 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29.A 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. D 35. B 36. D 37.D 38. C 39. B 40. A 41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. D