ICOMIA REFERENCES. Table of a selection of relevant titles

Transcription

1 ICOMIA SUSTAINABLE BOATING STRATEGY Documents of relevance and their possible implications 2005 REFERENCES Table of a selection of relevant titles A. On the Sixth Environment Action Programme (6 th EAP) B. An Environmental Technologies Action Plan C. Towards a Strategy to protect and conserve the Marine Environment D. On Eco-design for Energy-Using Products (EuP) E. On Impact Assessment F. Integrated Product Policy (IPP) G. On import of timber (FLEGT) H. Proposals by the Commission I. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the EP etc. P. Proposals for relevant Directives R. Directives of relevance RC. Comments to directives of relevance S. Regulations of relevance T. Commission Recommendations U. Commission Decisions of relevance V. Commission Staff Working Documents W. Comments to Proposals by the Commission X. Miscellaneous _ A. On the Sixth Environment Action Programme A.01: COM (2000): On the sixth environment action programme of the European Community Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council Laying down the Community Environment Action Programme Version for inter-service consultation, 7 th December 2000 A.02: COM (2000) On the sixth environment action programme of the European Community Environment 2010: Our future, Our Choice

2 2 Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council, Laying down the Community Environment Action Programme B. An Environmental Technologies Action Plan B.01: COM (2002) 122 final: Report from the Commission: Environmental technology for sustainable development, Brussels B.02: COM (2003) 131 final: Communication from the Commission: Developing an action plan for environmental technology, Brussels B.03: COM (2004) 38 final: Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: Stimulating Technologies for Sustainable Development: An Environmental Technologies Action Plan for the European Union, Brussels C. Towards a Strategy to protect and conserve the Marine Environment C.01: COM (2002) 539 final: Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament Towards a strategy to protect and conserve the marine environment NOTE: The 6 th Environment Action Programme (6 th EAP) stipulates the development of a thematic strategy for the protection and conservation of the marine environment with the overall aim to promote sustainable use of the seas and conserve marine ecosystems because the marine environment is subject to a variety of threats. C.02: Report on the COM (2002) /2065(INI) dated 7 th May D. On Eco-design for Energy-Using Products (EuP) D.01: Common Position adopted by the Council with a view to the adoption of a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for Energy-Using Products and amending Council Directive 92/42/EEC and Directives 96/57/EC and 2000/55/EC of the European Parliament and the Council. (ENER 188, ENV 405, MI 210, CODEC 901. Inst. file 2003/0172 (COD) Brussels 23. November Article 2: Energy-using Product (EuP) means a product which, once placed on the market and/or put into service, is dependent on energy input (electricity, fossil fuels and renewable energy sources) to work as intended, or a product for the generation, transfer and measurement of such energy, including parts dependent on energy input and intended to be incorporated into EuP covered by this Directive which are placed on the market and/or put into service as individual parts for end-users and of which environmental performance can be assessed independently; D.02: Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament pursuant to the second subparagraph of Article 251 (2) of EC Treaty concerning the common position of the Council on the adoption of a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on establishing a framework for the setting of Eco-design requirements for Energy-using Products and amending Council Directives 92/42/EC, 96/57/EC and 2000/55/EC. Eco-design: Integration of environmental considerations at the design phase to improve environmental performance of products.

3 3 E. On Impact Assessment E.01: COM (2002) 276 final: Communication from the Commission on Impact Assessment, Brussels E.02: COM (2002) 278 final: Communication from the Commission on Action Plan Simplifying and improving the Regulatory Environment Brussels E.03: {COM(2004) 416 final} Extended Impact Assessment, The European Environment and Health Action Plan SEC(2004) 729, E.04: Questions and Answers on the Evaluation of Environmental Impact of Products (EIPRO) Study, The Commission s departments are currently working to implement the commitments set out in its Communication on IPP. In this exercise, the first steps are to both develop a methodology to identify the products that have the greatest environmental impact and to apply this methodology, hence identifying these products. The exercise will include examining the socio-economic impacts of potential measures, and the Commission will seek to address some of the products with the greatest potential for environmental improvement at least socio-economic cost. The paper answers the following questions: What is the difference between top-down and bottom-up approaches? What sort of data does the model for the top-down analysis of EU-25 use+ How will the quality of data be reflected in the interpretation of the results? How are products defined? At what level of aggregation? And how many different products does the analysis distinguish? What environmental impacts does the study take into account? How are the different environmental impacts weighed? Does the study take into account imported and exported products? Which parts of the product life-cycle are covered by the analysis? How does the study deal with transport and packaging? How does this study relate to the IPP Pilot Projects Exercise? How does this study relate to EuP? How does this study relate to the EIRES study? F. Integrated Product Policy (IPP) F.01: A study analysing national and international developments with regard to IPP in the environment field carried out for DGXI by Ernst & Young, March 1998 E&Y believe that the European Commission may take the four key roles in integrated product policy to define a common understanding of integrated product policy, and to articulate a common vision of what it is setting out to achieve. A key task in this is being clear about objectives; to encourage the diffusion of best policy practice beyond the heartland of member stattes which have already taken concerted action, and so to harmonise the product policy context across the EU; to support the effective implementation of product policies through the integration of product policy aims in EU policy more generally, and to develop specific integrated product policy measures where action at an EU level is justified, taking into account internal market provisions and the principle of subsidiarity.

4 4 F.02: Developing the Foundation for IPP in the EU. Report to the DG Environment by Ernst & Young, 23 June Introduction: There is a widespread sense, evident from analysis of policy development in member states, that focusing on reducing the environmental impact of products is a necessary and important strategy... the environmental impacts linked to product use have not received sufficient attention. The three IPP key principles, either directly stated or implied: 1. Integration 2. market based approach 3. life cycle thinking. F.03: COM (2001) yyy final: Green Paper on Integrated Product Policy (presented by the Commission). This Green Paper proposes a strategy to strengthen and refocus product-related environmental policies to promote the development of a market for greener products. The strategy is based on the IPP approach and intends to complement existing environmental policies by using so far untapped potential to improve a broad range of products and services throughout their life cycle. IPP is an approach which seeks to reduce the life cycle environmental impacts of products from the mining of raw materials to production, distribution, use and waste management. Box: Schematic life cycle of a product. The concept of producer responsibility relates to the integration of costs occurring once the product has been sold into the price of new products. This encourages prevention at the design stage and allows consumcer so bring back EoL-products free of charge (i.e. ELV-Dirctive and WEEE Directive.) This concept should be extended to further areas of Community and Member State legislation whenever the integration of environmental concerns into the product design can be usefully achieved in this way. Annex III summarises main instruments and actions. F.04: Opinion of the EcoSoc on the Green Paper on IPP, Brussels : The Committee would stress the importance of adopting measures to educate and train stakeholders, partly with a view to fostering a sense of responsibility among businesses in the adoption of IPP. The adoption of guidelines for eco-design is also an important factor in gradually moving towards more environmentally friendly production. The Green Paper seems to underplay the fact that the adoption of such vitally important measures as LCAs and eco-design necessitates major financial and managerial efforts. Concurrently they are a key factor in stimulating research and innovation. Stronger action is therefore called for in promoting policies to support research and innovation tailored to SMEs.. The tools currently available are underfunded and it is difficult for companies to trace and access them. F.05: Summary of Discussions at the IPP Expert Workshops, Brussels, May June 2001: On Best Practice in the Greening of Public Procurement, on Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) (ISO 14025), on Environment Management Systems (EMS), on Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Eco- Design Guidelines), on Standardisation and New Approach and on Economic Instruments. F.06: COM (2003) 302 final: Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on Integrated Product Policy Building on Environmental Life- Cycle thinking, Brussels The EU IPP is an integral part of EU s Sustainable Development Strategy. The IPP approach is based on five key principles: 1. Life-Cycle Thinking 2. Working with the market 3. Stakeholder Involvement 4. Continuous Improvement 5. A variety of Policy Instruments. At the present time methodologies for assessing the environmental impacts of a product across its life-cycle exists.

5 5 To achieve its objective, the policy will perform three key roles. It will contribute to addressing the environmental challenges identified in both the Sustainable Development Strategy and the Sixth Environment Action Programme, it will supplement existing produc-related policies, by providing a wider, life-cycle, conceptual framework in which the ramifications for any other environmental problems can be considered, it will strengthen the co-ordination and coherence between existing and future environment-related product policy instruments. The Commission will focus on two, interrelated, actions to move towards the objective: Establishing the framework conditions for the continuous environmental improvement of all products throughout the production, use and disposal phases of their life-cycle; Developing a focus on products with the greatest potential for environmental improvement. Annex II lists possible roles of Stakeholders: Member States, Industry, Consumer Organisations, Environmental Organisations and Consumers F.07: Draft Council Conclusions on IPP, Brussels (ENV 601, MI 274, ENT 206, SAN 233, WTO 118, CONSOM 124) F.08: Opinion of the Regions on the COM (2003) 302 final, Brussels F-09: Opinion of the EcoSoc on the COM (2003) 302 final, Brussels There is an urgent need to reduce negative environmental impacts of products and services across their life cycles because the Earth does not have unlimited capacity to absorb pollution and supply natural resources. In its Opinion on the Green Paper the EESC, whilst welcoming the intentions of IPP, highlighted a number of concerns with the approach being advocated. These were: (...) 5. the need for stronger action in promoting policies to support research and innovation tailored to SMEs, particularly focusing on disseminating information and on framing innovative processes to develop greener products. At the same time social cost-benefit analyses and environmental impact assessments of alternative policy choices should form the basis for ensuring that the most efficient policies are agreed upon and applied...a clear route map is needed in order to encourage producers and consumers to support a more sustainable products process across their entire life cycle, from cradle to grave. F-10: Motion for a European Parliament Resolution by Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Policy, re. COM (2003) 302, dated F.11: Evaluation of the Environmental Impact of Products (EIPRO) by TNO-STB (NL), CML (NL), VITO (B) and DTU (DK) with reference to IPP, (Summary by esto). NOTE: IPP seeks to minimise environmental degradation caused by products whether from their manufacturing, use or disposal by looking at all phases of a product s life-cycle and taking action where it is most cost effective. F.12: Questions and Answers on the Evaluation of Environmental Impact of Products (EIRPO) Study G On the import of timber (FLEGT) G.01: Proposal for a Council Regulation concerning the establishment of a voluntary FLEGT licence scheme for import of timber into the European Community 2004/0173 (ACC),

6 6 G.02: Report by INDUFOR: Impact assessment of the EU Action Plan for FLEGT, T/2004/002, G.03: Comments by the Secretariat of the Council on proposal to implement EU Action Plan on FLEGT, G.04: Comments by the Committee of Permanent Representatives on proposal concerning the establishment of FLEGT, H. Proposals by the Commission H.01: Proposal for a Directive modifying Directive 94/25/EC, COM(2000) 639 final, Brussels The document refers to ICOMIA statistics of 1998 on number of recreational craft in the EU/EEA contries: Sailboats: Motorboats: Inflatables: (not already included with motorboats ) PWCs: Total: I. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament etc. I. 01: "Taking sustainable use of resources forward: A Thematic Strategy on the prevention and recycling of waste COM(2005) 666 final, {SEC(2005) 1681}, {SEC(2005) 1682}, Brussels (For comments: See P.03) P. PROPOSALS FOR RELEVANT DIRECTIVES P.01: Annex to the Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament re. a Thematic Strategy on the Protection and Conservation of the Marine Environment and proposal for a "Marine Strategy Directive" - Impact Assessment. COM(2005) 504 final and COM(2005) 505 final, SEC(2005) 1290, Brussels P.02: Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council and of the Council establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Marine Environmental Policy i.e. the Marine Strategy Directive, COM(2005) 505 final, 2005/0211 (COD) [SEC(2005) 1290] Brussels

7 7 P.03: Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on waste COM(2005) 667 final, 2005/0281 (COD), {SEC(2005) 1681}, Brussels Excerpt from P.03: The overall aim of this document is to optimise the provisions of Directive 75/442/EEC the "Waste Framework Directive" laying down measures with the view to reducing the overall environmental impacts, related to the use of resources, of the generation and management of waste. For the same purposes, it also makes provision whereby the MSs are to take measures, as a matter of priority for the prevention or reduction of waste production and its harmfulness and, secondly, for the recovery of waste by means of re-use, recycling and other recovery operations. Definitions: (d) 'management' means the collection, transport, recovery and disposal of waste, including the supervision of such operations and after-care of disposal sites; MSs shall take the necessary measures to ensure that all waste undergoes operations that result in serving a useful purpose in replacing, whether in the plant of in the wider economy, other resources which would have been used to fulfil that function, or in it being prepared for such use, herinafter "recovery operations". MSs shall prohibit the abandonment, dumping or uncontrolled disposal of waste. MSs shall ensure that recovery or disposal of waste is carried out (e) without adversely affecting the countryside or places of special interest. Chapter II: Costs and network Chapter III: End of waste Chapter IV: Hazardous waste Chapter V: Permits or registration Chapter VI: Inspections and records Annex I: Disposal operations Annex II: Recovery operations Annex III: Properties of wastes which render them hazardous Excerpt from I.01: Recycling and recovery targets have been set for some key waste flows, i.e. packaging, end-of-life vehicles (ELV) and waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE). While recycling and incineration are increasing, the absolute amounts of waste landfilled are not decreasing because of the growth in waste generation. Standards are needed to promote a level playing field for recycled material. Action:..the proposal is to modernize the existing legal framework - i.e. to introduce life-cycle analysis in policymaking and to clarify, simplify and streamline EU waste law... This requires a combination of measures promoting waste prevention, recycling and re-use in such a way as to produce the optimum reduction in the accumulated impact over the life cycle of resources, including - A renewed emphasis on full implementation of existing legislation - Simplification and modernisation of existing legislation - Introduction of life-cycle thinking into waste policy - Promotion of more ambitious waste prevention policies - Better knowledge and information - Development of common reference standards for recycling - Further elaboration of the EU's recycling policy... The stronger focus on implementation and on the promotion of economic instruments will help to bring landfill prices up to a level which better reflects the real environmental impact of this waste management option, with the result that less waste should go to landfill. Excerpt from I.01: The overall objective of waste policy is to reduce the environmental impact of waste generation and management and, in this way, contribute to reducing the overall environmental impact of resource use... This will involve - linking waste policy to product and resource policies (i.e. introducing life-cycle thinking in waste policy) - moving to a European recycling society by developing common environmental requirements - modernising the legislative framework. Policy options: - No policy change - Maximum use of life-cycle assessment (LCA): Undertake full life-cycle assessment at EU-level - Move to life-cycle thinking (LCT).

8 8 DIRECTIVES OF RELEVANCE R.01: Directive 67/548/EEC on dangerous substances R.02: Directive 1975/442/EEC of on waste. R.03: Directive 1991/156/EC of amending Directive 1975/442/EC on waste. R.04: Directive 1992/43/EEC of on the conservation of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora (Habitat-directive) R.05: Directive 1994/25/EC of on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to recreational craft. R.06: Directive 1998/08/EC of concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market (Biocide-directive) R.07: Directive 1999/13/EC of on the limitation of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain activities and installations (VOC-directive) R.08: Directive 1999/31/EC of on the landfill of waste (the Landfill-directive). R.09: Directive 2000/53/EC of on end-of life vehicles (ELV-directive). R.10: Directive 2000/60/EC of establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy (Water Framework directive). R.11: Directive 2000/76/EC of 2000/12/04 on the incineration of waste R.12: Directive 2002/96/EC of on waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE-directive).

9 9 R.13: Directive 2003/44/EC of amending Directive 94/24/EC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member states relating to recreational craft. R.14: Directive 2004/35/EC of on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage. R.15: Directive 2004/.../EC of 2004-XX-XX establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for Energy-Using Products (EuP). EA COMMENTS TO DIRECTIVES R.15: Background of Directive establishing a framework for setting of ecodesign requirements for EuPs: The production, distribution, use and end-of-life management of products is associated with impacts on the environment (notably consumption of natural resources and energy, waste, release of hazardous substances). Article 2.22: Eco-design means the integration of environmental aspects into product design with the aim of improving the environmental performance of the EuP throughout its life cycle; Article 2.20: Environment performance of an EuP means the results of the manufacturer s management of the environmental aspects of EuP, as reflected in its technical documentation file; Article 1.3: This Directive shall not apply to means of transport for persons or goods. Article 2: Energy-using Product (EuP) means a product which, once placed on the market and/or put into service, is dependent on energy input (electricity, fossil fuels and renewable energy sources) to work as intended, or a product for the generation transfer and measurement of such energy, including parts dependent on energy input and intended to be incorporated into an EuP covered by this Directive which are placed on the marked and/or put into service as individual parts for end-users and of which the environmental performance can be assessed independently; Article 12.2: For an EuP to be covered by an implementing measure it shall meet all the following criteria: (a) (b) (c) the EuP shall have a volume of sales and trade of more than units a year within the Community according to the most recently available figures; the EuP shall,..., have a significant environmental impact within the Community,... the EuP shall present significant potential for improvements in terms of environmental impact without entailing excessive costs.. Annex I, 1.1: In so far they relate to product design, significant environmental aspects are identified with reference to the following phases of the lifecycle of the product: (a) (b) raw material selection and use; manufacturing;

10 10 (c) (d) (e) (f) packaging, transport and distribution; installation and maintenance; use; end-of-life, meaning the state of an EuP having reached the end of its first use until its final disposal Annex I, 1.2: For each phase the following environmental aspects are to be assessed where relevant:... REGULATIONS OF RELEVANCE S.01: Regulation (EC) No 761/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council allowing voluntary participation by organisers in a Community eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS) S.02: Regulation (EC) No 782/2003 of the EP and C on the prohibition of organotin compounds on ships. S.02: (SSS) Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the second Marco Polo programme for the granting of Community financial assistance to improve the environmental performance of the freight transport system. COM (2004) 478 final COMMISSION RECOMMENDATIONS OF RELEVANCE T.01: CR 2001/680/EC of on guidance for the implementation of Regulation (EC) No. 761/2001 of the EP and the Council allowing voluntary participation by organisations in a Community eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS) COMMISSION DECISIONS OF RELEVANCE U.01: CD 2001/118/EC of (amending CD 2000/532/EC) as regards the list of wastes. U.02: CD 2001/681/EC of on guidance for the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 761/2001 of the EP and the Council allowing voluntary participation by organisations in Community eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS).

11 11 U.03: CD 2002 No 1600/EC laying down the Sixth Community Environment Programme, 22 nd July U.04: (SSS) Decision No 884/2004/EC of amending Decision No 1692/96/EC on Community guidelines for the development of the trans-european transport network. V. COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENTS V.01: Impact Assessment on the Thematic Strategy on the prevention and recycling of waste and the immediate implementing measures (Non official document December 2005) (For comments: See P.03) MISCELLANEOUS W.01: Broads Authority: Boat Wash Study. Hydraulic Research Limited, April/May W.02: Broads Authority: A Comparison of Wind-generated Waves and Boat-generated Waves on Broadland Rivers. By School of Environmental Sciences, October W.03: A Europen Union strategy for sustainable development, EC 2002 (Brochure) W.04. BMF: Environmental Impacts of the British Marine Industry. Report (311 pages plus) of a survey carried out by the UK Centre for Economic and Environmental Development dated November W.05: Trans. RINA 1994: The Wash of Boats on Recreational Waterways. W.06: Ex ante Evolution: Marco Polo II ( ), DG TREN, (SSS). W.07: Workshop on Short Sea Shipping (SSS) Promotion Centres, October 2004: Short Sea Shipping in Europe presentation by Ismo Koskinen, European Commission, DG for Energy and Transport. ON LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA):

12 12 The life-cycle of a product may be long and complicated. It covers all the areas from extraction of natural resources, through their design, manufacture, assembly, marketing, distribution, sale and use to their eventual disposal as waste. It involves different actors such as designers, industry, marketing people, retailers and consumers. IPP attempts to stimulate each part of these individual phases to improve their environmental performance.