4th Generation District Heating and Smart Energy Systems Insights from the 4DH Research Centre

Transcription

1 4th Generation District Heating and Smart Energy Systems Insights from the 4DH Research Centre Henrik Lund Professor in Energy Planning Aalborg Universitet

2 Smart Energy Europe Publication Report Online Paper Published

3 Smart Energy Systems

4 Smart Energy Systems

5 Smart Energy Systems The key to cost-efficient 100% Renewable Energy A sole focus on renewable electricity (smart grid) production leads to electricity storage and flexible demand solutions! Looking at renewable electricity as a part smart energy systems including heating, industry, gas and transportation opens for cheaper and better solutions Power-to-Heat Power-to-Gas Power-to-Transport

6 Pump Hydro Storage 175 /kwh (Source: Electricity Energy Storage Technology Options: A White Paper Primer on Applications, Costs, and Benefits. Electric Power Research Institute, 2010) Energy Storage Thermal Storage 1-4 /kwh (Source: Danish Technology Catalogue, 2012) Oil Tank 0.02 /kwh (Source: Dahl KH, Oil tanking Copenhagen A/S, 2013: Oil Storage Tank. 2013) Natural Gas Underground Storage 0.05 /kwh (Source: Current State Of and Issues Concerning Underground Natural Gas Storage. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 2004)

7 Price ( /MWh) 0.16 m3 Thermal Storage /MWh (Private house: 160 liter for DKK) Thermal Storage Thermal storage: Price and Size 6200 m3 Thermal Storage 2500 /MWh (Skagen: 6200 m3 for 5.4 mio. DKK) liter 4 m m m3 4 m3 Thermal Storage 40,000 /MWh (Private outdoor: 4000 m3 for 50,000 DKK) 200,000 m3 Thermal Storage 500 /MWh (Vojens: 200,000 m3 for 30 mio. DKK)

8 Price ( /MWh) Pump Hydro Storage 100 /kwh (Source: Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station, Germany, Electricity Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage 125 /kwh (Source: ticle/pii/s ) Electricity Storage: Price and Size Tesla PowerWall Fully Installed Sodium-Sulphur Battery CAES Pumped Hydro 3.3 kw 50 MW 350 MW 1000 MW Tesla PowerWall 800 /kwh (Source: Dahl KH, Oil tanking Copenhagen A/S, 2013: Oil Storage Tank. 2013) Sodium-Sulphur Battery 600 /kwh (Source: Table 4: oshay1/docs/epri.pdf)

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10 Energy System Analysis Model Import/ Hydro Hydro Electricity Export Hydro water fixed and storage power plant storage variable system RES electricity Fuel RES heat PP CHP Boiler H2 storage Electrolyser Heat pump and electric boiler Cars Industry Cooling device Heat storage Electricity demand Cooling demand Heat demand Transport demand Process heat demand

11 Smart Energy Systems: Hourly modelling of all smart grids to identify synergies! and influence of different types of energy storage..!

12 IDA Energiplan 2030

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15 Eksisterende distributionsnet

16 CEESA Project 2011/2012 Transport: Electric vehicles is best from an energy efficient point of view. But gas and/or liquid fuels is needed to transform to 100%. Biomass:.. is a limited resource and can not satisfy all the transportation needs. Consequence Electricity from Wind (and similar resources) needs to be converted to gas and liquied fuels in the long-term perspective

17 Electro-fuels 100% Renewable Energy 2050 Power-to-Transportation

18 Resource Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand Resource Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand Electricity (111 PJ) Electricity (111 PJ) Resource Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand Biomass [Glucose] Biomass (60 PJ) [Cellulose] (65 PJ) Electricity (83.5 PJ) H 2 O (2.6 Mt) Electric Grid 1 6 PJ 3 Electric Grid 1 Electricity 1.9 Mt (178 PJ) Electricity Electricity (100 PJ) CO (100 PJ) 2 OR OR 294 Gpkm 313 Gpkm Resource Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand Power Plant Electricity (83 PJ) H 2 O (2.3 Mt) 0.6 PJ Freight is not applicable Marginal Heat 3 (7.6 PJ) 323 Gtkm Resource Anaerobic Conversion Chemical Process Transport Fuel 61 Gpkm Transport Demand OR Digester Hydrogenation Synthesis 59 PJ Steam Electricity Chemical 61 Gpkm Hydrogenation OR Gasifier Biogas Synthesis Methane (50 GJ) (100 PJ 2 ) 83 PJ Syngas 36 Gtkm Power Plant Heat Methane Biomass 1 (100 PJ 2 ) Electrolyser Resource 1 Conversion Process Transport Fuel Transport Demand (77 PJ) H 2 36 Gtkm (60.5 PJ) Carbon H 2 Sequestration (72.2 & PJ) Chemical Electricity Electrolyser 2 1 Recycling 3 Hydrogenation OR 52 Gpkm Synthesis (7.3 PJ) H Mt (60.5 PJ) Biomass CO 2 Methanol/DME Power Plant ( Mt PJ) (7 Mt) Marginal Heat 1 CO (62.6 PJ 2 2 ) 31 Gtkm (50.2 PJ) (4.4 Mt) or 4.5Mt Co-electrolysis 4 Chemical OR 83 Gpkm Synthesis Straw (401.7 PJ) H 2 O (5.7 Mt) PJ Electricity (307 PJ) 3.4 PJ 3 Electrolyser 6 Syngas (139 PJ) Fermenter Low & High Temperature Gasification 7 Methanol/DME (100 PJ 5 ) Lignin (197.7 PJ) C5 Sugars (92.8 PJ) 50 Gtkm Ethanol (100 PJ) OR 67 Gpkm 39 Gtkm 4 H 2 O (15.5 Mt) 11 5 Mt 1 Mt 3.5 Mt H 2 (149.4 PJ) Hydrogenation Chemical Synthesis Methanol/DME (337.5 PJ 2 ) OR 279 Gpkm 169 Gtkm

19 #SmartEnergySystems & #4DH

20 Three pillars Supply: Low temperature District heating Production: Renewable Systems Integration Organisation: Planning and Implementation #SmartEnergySystems & #4DH

21 Supply: Low temperature District heating Grids and components: - low-temperature district heating systems based on renewable energy. - new knowledge of the hardware and software technologies of the new generation of district heating systems - existing energy renovated buildings and new low-energy buildings.

22 Production: Renewable Systems Integration Production and system integration: - the development of energy systems analysis tools, methodologies and theories - scenario building of future sustainable energy systems. - The aim is to identify the role of district heating systems and technologies in various countries

23 Organisation: Planning and Implementation Planning and implementation: - further development of the planning and management systems - spatial analysis and geographical information systems (GIS) as a tool for planners and decision-makers. - organisation and design of specific public regulation measures including ownership, tariffs, reforms etc.

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25 Heat Roadmap Europe

26 STRATEGO WP2 Enhanced National Heating and Cooling Strategies Presenter Name (i.e. David Connolly) Title (i.e. Associate Professor in Energy Planning) Presenter Organisation (i.e. Aalborg University) Presenter (i.e. Host Organisation (i.e. DG Energy) Host Location (i.e. Brussels, Belgium) Date (i.e. 12 th May 2015)

27 HRE4 Countries: 14 Largest EU Countries by Heat Demand = 90% of EU Heat Belgium (BE) Czech Republic (CZ) Germany (DE) Spain (ES) France (FR) Italy (IT) Hungary (HU) Netherlands (NL) Austria (AT) Poland (PL) Romania (RO) Finland (FI) Sweden (SE) United Kingdom (UK)

28 Smart Heating Europe

29 #SmartEnergySystems & #4DH

30 More information: